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Suppose that the Spanish Liberal Revolution is totally succesful and ends political instability in Spain. A liberal regime under a competent monarch is installed. Spain starts recovery from a disastrous 19th century. Eventually, the liberal regime manages to repair the Empire (namely Cuba and the Philippines) and coalesce it into a federation.

So, in such a scenario, I have these questions about this theoretical federation:

-How would such a large overseas federation be run?

-How would the transition from colonies to more autonomous regions be handled?

-How would such a federation be organized in terms of political divisions?

-How would internal matters in each region be handled?

-In what manner would defense be handled?

-If the center of economic/demographic power/resources were to shift from Metropolitan Spain to Cuba or (more likely) the Philippines, how would such a shift go over in the federation?

-What would be the foreign policy of such a federation? Would other nations want to seek its favor, or leave it alone?

-If the federation were to form before 1880, would it participate in the Scramble for Africa? If so, how?

-Could the Federation last?
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