I could see a Russian style Fascist State existing. The important thing to note is that it would not be like Germany, if anything it would be like Italy. All the different cultures of the Russian Empire and all, you'd need a Big Man figure to unite them all around. In theory the best option for this could be a successful the Soviet faction being initially successful in the Civil War, to only lose it to another faction. That faction goes on to rebuild the country around the idea of getting revenge against Germany, Poland and any breakaway state. The problem becomes industrialization, I don't see Fascist Russia taking on Europe until the 1950s.
One aspect more like Germany will be the high likelyhood of a Jewish genocide. A fascist Russia could very easily develop it's own version of the Dolchstoßlegende. Add in the already nasty history of antisemitic violence and propaganda (lets not forget that
The Protocols of Zion is Russian in origin), the gross exaggerations of the number of Jews involved in the communists revolution (especially if TTL replaces Lenin with Trotsky!), and the likely echos of Soviet atrocities.
ITTL the following is likely IMHO:
Fascist/bourgeois/Trotskyist propaganda/revisionism are replaced with Jewish propaganda/revisionism.
The Great Purge will be of those with Jewish blood, reds, etc.
The SS-TV and it's various arbeitslager, konzentrationslage, and todeslager are replaced with katorga, ITKs, Sevvostlag, and Gulags.
Names like Sulovki, Butovo, will be remembered like Dachau and Auschwitz are in OTL.
The kulaks deserve it"is easily replaced by "the Jews deserved it".