How about Britain + Independent Princely states?
Any time after 1788 is too late for France, though not necessarily for other powers. Once Britain had claimed Australia, they had a clear policy of immediately founding a colony anywhere that the French were known or rumoured to be interested in. France was never in a position to support a colony if the British didn't want them there.France in the 1830s was looking around for one before Britain claimed Swan River Colony.
Any time after 1788 is too late for France, though not necessarily for other powers. Once Britain had claimed Australia, they had a clear policy of immediately founding a colony anywhere that the French were known or rumoured to be interested in. France was never in a position to support a colony if the British didn't want them there.
Theoretically, yes. It would take an unusual set of circumstances, though, since:So then, could you have the Netherlands claim some of the northern Australian coast post-1800?