"There shall be no standing army but in time of actual war." Draft Virginia Constitution, 1776.
"I do not like [in the new Federal Constitution] the omission of a Bill of Rights providing clearly and without the aid of sophisms for... protection against standing armies." Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 1787.
"A naval force can never endanger our liberties, nor occasion bloodshed; a land force would do both." --Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, 1786.
"None but an armed nation can dispense with a standing army. To keep ours armed and disciplined is therefore at all times important, but especially so at a moment when rights the most essential to our welfare have been violated." --Thomas Jefferson, 1803.
"We must train and classify the whole of our male citizens, and make military instruction a regular part of collegiate education. We can never be safe till this is done." --Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, 1813.
I'm aware there are many interpretations of the 2nd Amendment however for the purpose of this exercise I'm taking the view that it was primarily a military measure aimed at arming the militia at a time when the main concern was not foreign subjugation, but the use of a standing army by a future despot to enforce his rule. The existence of a standing army was regarded by many (Jefferson being a prime example) as a threat to peace and stability in a republic and a danger to the rights of the nation.
So what if the Jeffersonian view had prevailed and the 2nd amendment was something more like:
"A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, and a standing Army being injurious to it, the whole of the citizenry shall keep, bear and train with arms and there shall be no standing Army except in time of actual war."
I've put this in pre-1900 as that's when the PoD is, but I suspect the more interesting ramifications might be post-1900, when professional armies and particularly Prussian style General staffs became war-winning military innovations.
Note: Jefferson was in favour of a standing Navy and can be presumed IMO to have been in favour of a standing Air Force.