1811-11-10
The winter of 1811 would prove to be a hard one. During the week after the French crossed the Dniepr, many French soldiers would suffer frostbite and, worse for the French army as a whole, many horses die.
However, the harsh winter did the French army one service - the Pripyat marshes started to freeze over.
"Those infernal Russians were everywhere except to the west - where we would sink in the marshes. But providence smiled upon as. As we cured the cold, it provided for us the perfect escape. Such is the shortsightedness of man, that we hated what would be our redemption." Louis de Garousse, Lieutenant in the 118. Line Infantry Regiment on the 10th of November, 1811.
The Grande Armée slipped into the marshes, setting up mabushes in the forested terrain for the irregular cavalry pursuing them. By now, what remained of the French cavalry was mostly marching on foot. Attempts to plunder horses from the countryside had failed - those few horses that could be scrounged up were not suitable for riding.
Horses and above all cannons frequently sunk through the icy crust of the marshes, and harrasment from the local militias, who knew their marshes well and light infantry increased French casualties.
The French retreat started to turn into a rout, and the dicisplined Grande Armée into a mob hedring p oxen carrying plunder and what little equipment there was left. Ambulances with sick and wounded frozen to death could be found in the path of the Grandé Armée. Sick and wounded were banadoned, as was repairable carts, spiked guns, empty barrels, corpses of soldiers, camp followes, civilians, prisoners and animals alike.
But the Russians were unabale to move into the marshes at strength themselves, and the unruly mob the Grande Armée had turned into could cross the difficult terrain only harassed, not assaulted.
In January, when the last stragglers remants of the once-proud French army emerged into Poland, the ragged masses of men were med by well-uniformed and fed new Polish recruits.
The Grande Armée still had a bit over 60 000 men, but was a broken shell of its former glory.
Napoleon had been severly defeated, and Europe took notice.