If the Turkish Republic had refrained from persecuting members of non-Muslim minority groups, particularly Armenians, Greeks, and Jews, it would have benefitted greatly from the talent (whether entrepreneurial or scientific), capital, energy, and networks that, in twentieth century of our time line, were sacrificed on the altar of a narrow national vision. Additional benefits would have accrued if, in the course of the Second World War, Turkey had opened its doors to talented refugees from various parts of Europe.