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  1. Might the Little Ice Age have had anything to do with the success of European colonization of the subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas? Of course, disease was the most important thing, followed by a technology advantage, then geopolitics affecting the Aztecs and Incas, but might the slightly cooler temperatures in places south of New Jersey and north of Rio de la Plata have helped the Europeans in any way? Kind of like how the Medieval Warm Period allowed the Vikings to settle Greenland?
  2. Evolution of human skin tone. Is it only based on latitude, or also on temperature? If the whole world became a lot warmer, and you waited 300,000 years, would everyone be darker? Does altitude have an effect? What about albedo of the surrounding environment that a group of people lives?
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