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What would have happened to the Dutch monarchy if Queen Wilhelmina had remained childless? There was a very real chance this would've happened: she had been married for eight years before her daughter Juliana was born and had already went through four miscarriages. There were several more to come after Juliana's birth.

Constitutionally (at least before the constitution was amended in 1922) her heir was her aunt Grand Duchess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach (1824-1897), then her grandson Grand Duke William Ernest (1876-1923) and finally the latter's son Hereditary Grand Duke Charles Augustus (1912-1988).
Conflicting reports about their interest in the Dutch throne remained. According to some sources, the Saxe-Weimar's had all learned to speak Dutch, but according to others William Ernest was expected to renounce his claim, and according to even others he hadn't even a claim to begin with, as he was a foreign monarch (but one assumes this wasn't an insurmountable objection, cf. Luxemburg).

But assuming he did renounce his rights, his claim would've gone to his aunt Princess Marie Alexandrine of SWE (1849-1922), who, apparently, wasn't very interested, and then her son Heinrich XXXII Reuss (1878-1935), his brother Heinrich XXIII Reuss (1879-1942) and his son Heinrich II Reuss (1916-1993).
Apparently, Heinrich XXXII was for some time considered to be the de facto Dutch Crown Prince. However, he did face some opposition, being German and all that. One can assume this would've been held even more against the Reusses when World War One broke out, not to mention World War Two (assuming this wouldn't be butterflyed away, which seems unlikely at first sight).

One can imagine the Estates-General amending the Dutch constitution, de facto banning German nationals or princes from inheriting the Dutch throne, or granting itself the liberty of selecting a king to its liking. One can speculate that an heir would be found amongst the descendants of Queen Louise of Denmark (1851-1926, great-granddaughter of William I), perhaps Prince Knud of Denmark (1900-1976) or Prince Harald (1876-1949).

Then again, perhaps all this charade would cause a growing republican sentiment and perhaps the Dutch would simply decide to end the monarchy when Wilhelmina's gone.
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