A Britain of Panthers and Lions: House of Oldenburg Britain

Charles Philip of Neuburg
Won't discount him. A Piast factor may work in his favor (though his Radziwill wife was already dead by 1695 OTL, she died in childbirth, so this can be butterflied). He may drum up the same support as Leopold Joseph & Louis William, but his wife is an Lithuanian magnate, obscenely rich at this (in addition to himself being brother-in-law to the Emperor).
IMO if Ludwika lives, he, and not Louis William, would be preferred by Austrian court. Though Louis William is a successful military commander, so this may be a factor.
 

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Louis William of Baden was seen as strongest candidate, who could oppose Conti until summer 1697, have Frederick Augustus not converted, Margrave of Baden would be most likely candidate to win. Besides him Leopold Joseph of Lorraine (nephew of Emperor Leopold, son of Eleanor Hansburg, Queen of Poland), Livio Odescalchi (Pope's nephew) and Charles Philip of Neuburg tried their chances-success of any of them is unlikely.
Alright so Baden could have gotten a majority?
 

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If there is no Saxony candidate, children of Jan III are in-fighting as OTL, and the Lithuanian wife of Charles Philip of Neuburg is dead - then yes, likely.
Okay interesting, hmm Charles Philip could make an interesting candidate
 
I don't think actually OTL Condi won and the elector of Saxonny was only crowned because the prince of Conti took to much time to be crowned but.a civil war could easily happen other power would support an another candidate
 
but.a civil war could easily happen other power would support an another candidate
That's where the theoretical advantage of Charles Philip having a powerbase in GDL (something no other candidate except for the Sobieskis (and James Louis had no support from his own family) can boast) may come in play (though Ludwika, while a major landowner in GLD, lacks political connections - her only (distant) relations are the Sapiehas, who were at receiving end of civil war OTL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1700)
 
In fact, if Ludwika survives childbirth in 1695 AND gives birth to living son, it may be the gamechanger shifting some of the powerbase Prince Conti enjoyed OTL to Charles Philip of Neuburg. Maybe not enough to win, but enough to create unpredicable election. Palatinate-Neuburgs surviving in male line are an extra bonus.
 
Chapter 41: Modena

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Chapter 41: Modena



Francesco knew that the pain in his body would only get worse, the doctors had told him as much. Whatever it was that was killing him was doing a pretty good job of it. He could barely walk, and when he did he had to grit his teeth against the pain. Thankfully, his wife and sister had helped him with somethings. Considering how he had opposed marriage to begin with, his marriage to Anna Maria was one of the happier things about his life. He got on well with her and enjoyed their discussions about music and aunt, her father and brother pestered them less than they had done to begin with. He blinked and then looked at his wife.

“Well, has there been much good news as of late?” He asked

With the war being waged throughout the Rhine, and northern France, it had even spilled into Italy, with the Savoyards facing invasion. Francesco had done what he could to prevent Modena getting involved. “I think that for now the French are content to leave well enough alone, as is the Emperor. They are too busy trying to get the Savoyards out of the situation they are presently in.”

Francesco smiled. “That is good at least. Now we can try and do somethings about the state of the galleries within the Duchy.” He knew his wife was a great fan and patron of art, and he wanted to give her something to remember him by before he passed. He shifted slightly and winced, the pain was sharp.

“I think perhaps we had best address other issues before we turn to the gallery, my dear.” Anna replied. Francesco nodded, his wife was usually right. His wife took out a stack of letters and he had to stop from groaning. “I think these letters from various lords sworn to you could be dealt with. Various petitions about rights and abuses done by the farmers on various portions of land.”

Francesco grimaced. “Do they always have to complain about the farmers? They’re trying to get enough food produced before the winter comes in. We both know there is going to be a harsh winter this time around.” The last one had been bearable and still food stores had not lasted as long as he would have liked.

Anna shrugged. “I think they want something to complain about. With there being no fighting for them to engage in they are growing restless. I suggest that you rule some of the cases in favour of the farmers and some in favour of the lords.”

Francesco looked at his wife and asked. “Which ones?” He knew that she would have already looked through the letters and would have decided for him. On some level he knew he should have felt angry that his wife would dare get involved so much, but he supposed that it was right, after all she and Mary had helped with other things. Speaking of Mary, Francesco wondered where his sister was, he hoped she was not off with that Englishman again. She said that there was nothing going on there, but Francesco was not sure he believed her.

“The ones from your senior lords must be decided in their favour otherwise they will go and petition your uncle to consider marrying.” Anna replied. Francesco nodded in agreement, his uncle was better served where he was now. “The four in the middle can be decided in favour of the farmers, they are farmers who have always stuck with the proceeds and produced their taxes on time.” Again, Francesco nodded. “And the latter few should be split evenly.”

“Very well, I shall decide that accordingly.” Francesco responded making a note of what his wife had said. He then looked around as the door to his room opened and Mary entered, she bowed before him then took a seat at Anna’s side. “Where have you been?” He demanded.

His sister looked momentarily irritated by his question before her face became neutral. “I was simply reading through some correspondence from a friend at Whitehall.” His sister replied.

Francesco snorted, he didn’t believe that for a moment but turned back to the letters on hand. “So, sister, what do you think I should do regarding the galleries?”

He looked at his sister and saw that she looked completely taken aback, no doubt she had expected some sort of questioning over her lateness, but truth be told Francesco did not care. “I think that they should be smaller than planned. You cannot show off so much art and music and still expect people to take you seriously.”

“And that is where you are wrong. Art and music will leave a longer legacy than anything else we can do.” Francesco replied. He then decided to change the conversation. “I have reached a decision regarding what should happen in the event I die before our son reaches maturity.” Both his wife and his sister straightened then. “Anna shall serve as regent, and Mary you shall act as an advisor.” His wife and sister nodded. His son Alfonso would be in capable hands, and God willing there would be no more fighting for a time to come.
 
By the way, there is another removal of relatively strong competition in Polish election - Maximiliam II of Bavaria is not a candidate, as TTL he's not a son-in-law of Jan III but husband to heiress apparent to Spanish crown.
That would mean that Theresa Kunigunda Sobieska would marry differently (to whom?) and that Sobieski inter-family quarrels either cease or will go different way from OTL.
In fact, Marie Casimire may attempt to marry Theresa to Livio Odescalchi, who was unmarried, and it's he who takes the Maximilian's place in the family quarrels.

In fact, there may even be a faction in Russian court encouraging the now-widowed Peter to move the armies to the Commonwealth borders and pull "rough wooing" for hand of Theresa Kunigunda (and thus theoretically attempt to claim the Polish throne)!
Nevertheless, key role in the oncoming election was played by the Tsardom of Russia, which was Polish ally in the ongoing war against the Ottoman Empire (see Great Turkish War). The Russians backed Augustus, who had previously declared that he would continue the war, and who had in 1695-1696 commanded Austrian - Saxon army in its Hungarian campaign. The election of Francois Louis meant quick end to the Polish-Ottoman war, and possibility of a Polish-Russian conflict. The Russians, well aware of this danger, sent large sums of money to the Commonwealth, trying to win the support of Polish-Lithuanian nobility.
TTL Peter is a widower (whose choice of a new bride is not pleasing to many, though the man was stubborn) and there may be an attempt to court Theresa Kunigunda, or failing this to block the pro-French candidacy.
 
There is no chance, that Peter would convert and no chance for non-Catholic to win election, Peter should be well aware of this.
His father attempted this in 1660ies during Deluge (the end result was a fail); I'm just saying the faction would attempt to do just this, but I think they would resort to bribes in support of whoever promices to continue the war against Turk.
 
In fact, if Livio Odescalchi is married to Theresa Kunegunda TTL, and is still a candidate, it may be... him who may benefit from Russian bribes, as BOTH pro-French and pro-Austrian candidates are anti-war ones in this setting. So this election may go many different ways.
 
Chapter 42: Louis Le Fou

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Chapter 42: Louis Le Fou




“We have been here for some three months now, and yet you insist on telling me that things have not progressed beyond the initial discussions. What are we to make of this?” Louis demanded of the generals gathered before him. Philipsburg was growing oppressive as spring gave way to summer, and the summer entered the final phase, which was always hot. He had decided to venture forth with a brigade of men himself to relieve his son and send him back to Versailles. He was now beginning to regret that.

Francois de Neufville, Duc de Villeroy who Louis had recently raised to the rank of Marshal due to his conduct in the Rhineland campaign spoke. “Your Most Christian Majesty, we have done everything we can to ensure that things progress as you have requested, but we have found greater resistance than we had anticipated. When the Protestant alliance took Cologne and Bonn that necessitated a loss of allegiances which had been carefully crafted.”

Louis knew that what the man said made sense, that didn’t make him want to hear it anymore though. “And?” He replied. “We have been here for three months, in that time we have repulsed multiple attacks on Philipsburg and ensured that Mannheim and other towns under our control remain strongly garrisoned. You mean to tell me that Our soldiers in Coblenz and Mainz could not stage an effective forward manoeuvre to remove the Austrian soldiers?” Louis suspected that the men had tried, but that Bavarian fellow was making a stronger enemy that Louis had thought, he did not look forward to that man ruling Spain.

Villeroy looked slightly abashed at that. “We can try another forward manoeuvre, Sire, if that is your wish I can send the order to Rosen and Tessé.”

Louis nodded. “Do so, and tell them that we wish for them to engage in the most direct form of combat that they can manage. With the use of guns and forward manoeuvres. The Bavarian will be expecting a defensive front; it is time we changed what we threw at him.”

Villeroy nodded barked the command for the squire in attendance to make note of that. Louis then turned to Tellier, his Secretary of State of War. “What word have you received from the northern front?” Louis asked, the word he had last gotten had not been positive and he had the feeling that they might well need to fight a war on four fronts soon.

Tellier looked nervous. “Your Most Christian Majesty, the news from the northern front is not good. Our Marshals have been forced back by the combined Dutch and English armies, and have suffered defeats at Le Quesnoy, Condé and Denain. Indeed, those three towns and the areas surrounding them are under English and Dutch occupation.”

Louis felt as if he had been slapped in the face. Towns in France fallen to an enemy, and the English at that! He could not believe it, he held out his hand for the paper which Tellier had read from. He looked down and read the paper himself. There in Vaubhan’s handwriting was the news he had heard, put down for the world to see. Anger boiled within him. How had this happened? How had he allowed it to happen? “How many men do Vauban, Catinet and Boufflers have?” His voice sounded soft to his own ears, he was fighting incredibly hard to not let his anger grow outward.

“Some thirty thousand men combined, Your Most Christian Majesty.” Tellier replied. “The English and Dutch have some fifty thousand, the majority being English forces.”

Louis thought about that, it seemed the English were gaining in confidence. He knew his history he knew what happened if the English were allowed to go unchecked. That was a humiliation he would not suffer. “We brought with us twenty thousand men. If we were to leave Philipsburg under your able hands Villeroy that would ensure that we were equal with the English and Dutch.”

“There are also the men that Noailles has. Catalonia is firmly under our control.” Tellier pointed out.

“Noailles must remain there for things to actually stand as we would wish them.” Louis replied dismissively. He knew what the Spanish would do without an armed presence there. “We shall march out from here on the morrow, with our men and head toward where our men are camped. We shall join them and then give battle, and send the English and the Dutch scampering back into their own lands.” Louis said decisively. There was a silence that Louis took for acceptance, he looked at Villeroy. “You shall command here in our name. We expect to hear of a defeat of Bavaria and his forces before the month is out.” The man nodded and Louis knew he could count on him to deliver.

Just as Louis was preparing to end the council, a messenger came hurrying through, he was bruised and covered in dirt, but he bowed before Louis and said. “Sire, I bring news from Savoy. The Duke is sending envoys to discuss peace with you.”
 
Chapter 43: Marianna of Austria

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Chapter 43: Marianna of Austria



Her life had not been what she thought it would be. When she had been a girl, she had dreamed of marrying her cousin Balthasar Carlos, and she had dreamed of the children they would have and the influence she would wield. Then Carlos had died, and she had instead married his father, and her uncle, Felipe. Her husband had been someone she had never gotten along with. Marianna still recoiled sometimes at the thought of him over her. Denied of political influence during her husband’s reign she had resented that during the regency for her son. Carlos, the bewitched as those who were fools called him. She had served as regent until his half-born brother had removed her, and then the boy had died and she had returned. Marianna felt tired now, she was old, and her strength to keep fighting was not what it once was, but there was one thing still keeping her going.

“So, we are looking down another financial crisis, is that what you are telling me?” Marianna demanded of the man who stood before her. He was dressed in the sombre black favoured of the court.

Recalled from Italy, Luis Francisco de La Cerda was a handsome man, and a smart one as well, much like his father. “Yes, Your Majesty.” The man replied simply. “The crown does not have enough money to keep fighting the French in Catalonia without taking more loans. And I have spoken with several financers in the Dutch Republic through letter, and they are unwilling to agree to loans.”

Marianna wanted to scream. Instead she took a breath and then asked. “How much more can we take in terms of the fighting and paying for troops?” This was something she knew needed to be sorted. If she caved to the French and gave up Catalonia again then she would never hear the end of it, and indeed she would not be surprised if the Primate of Spain demanded her arrest for treason. She could not and would not allow that woman or the Primate to dominate her son.

“Your Majesty, I believe we have enough resources to last for another two years. However, with the Savoyards having sued for peace with France, the chances that the French might now redirect their forces toward Catalonia completely is growing higher. That is, the forces they used to fight in Savoy.” La Cerda responded.

“And what of the allied fighting in Northern France?” Marianna asked, when she had learned that France itself had been invaded she had laughed and laughed.

“So far the fighting has gone in the allies direction, but I believe that could be about to change due to the Sun King himself going to fight on that front.” De La Cerda responded.

Marianna did not know whether to laugh or cry at that. She said a prayer that the Sun King would die during the fighting, to cause some sort of chaos. She knew that the man’s son was not anywhere as capable as him, and that if he died, the pressure for some sort of compromise once her son died-and she knew he would die- would be less. “Speaking of which, what is the news regarding the council, which way do they look?” She wanted her granddaughter Maria Antonia to succeed her son, and she knew from her husband’s will that he had wanted their daughter Margaret to succeed should something happen to their son. Her son’s wife wanted her nephew to succeed, but the thought of that woman gaining influence in Spain sickened her.

“The Ministers of Finance, War and State all support Her Highness Princess Maria Antonia. Whilst the others are somewhat torn between Her Highness and Archduke Charles. No one wants the French to have a chance of succeeding.” La Cerda responded.

“And the Primate?” Marianna asked, she knew the man had some sort of influence with her son and she wanted him gone, but she could not and would not hurt a man of the church, therefore she waited for him to do it to himself.

“He continues to communicate with the French ambassador and meet with Her Majesty, the Queen.” La Cerda responded. “I believe he will go with whichever side can pay him the most.”

Marianna snorted, a man of the church who accepted bribery and went to the highest bidder, how very predictable. “Very well.” She replied short and to the point, she felt tired now. Her body aching under the strain of ruling for her son. Sometimes she found herself wondering if her family had been mad. For so many years they had married uncle to niece, hoping for issue and to keep things within the family, but what they hoped to achieve when the results kept producing idiots like her husband or monstrosities like her son she did not know. She hoped her brother would realise this and break the betrothal between her great-granddaughter and his son the Archduke. They could not afford more such monsters being produced. She looked up and La Cerda was still there. “Is there something more?” She asked.

The man hesitated and then said. “Perhaps you had best write to your granddaughter, Your Majesty. To ensure that she gets the support of the Spanish Cortes, she must at least present herself here before something else happens.”

It was a reasonable request, especially considering her son’s fragile health. “Very well.” She waved a hand and the man bowed before leaving.
 
Chapter 44: Zranta

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Chapter 44: Zranta



Aurangzeb rolled his head and felt his neck crack slightly, he sighed with relief. He then turned to his advisors, half of whom he despised, the other half of whom he trusted. There was a careful balanced that needed to be maintained in this area, and he intended to keep it as such. His sons were no doubt wondering when he was going to die, as he and his brothers had done with his own father. Mu’azzam had been brought back into his good graces following his disgrace some years ago, though Aurangzeb did not trust the boy, he had named him commander for a defence force in the Punjab to keep an eye on those treacherous Sikhs. Meanwhile Muhammed Akbar remained at large somewhere within the caverns of the vast Empire Aurangzeb ruled. Azam was now the Subedar of Bengal, replacing that fool who Aurangzeb had naively trusted. As for Kam, the boy was at his side, having returned from a failed engagement with the Marathas.

“We are not impressed with this lacklustre performance of our armies.” Aurangzeb said, referring to the reports that had reached him about how the army had done in the fight against the Persians. We had expected better from our commanders.” The reports of defeats in Northern Empire regions had greatly displeased him, he knew that would give the Sikhs more hope.

“Sire,” that was Muhammed Akbar his military advisor. “It is unfortunate that there have been defeats, and yet, the Persians have not yet marched into the region properly, despite anything else that might have been suggested. Hotak continues to hold his ground as we had hoped he would.”

That was the problem with Akbar, the man did not see the issue, the knives waiting in the darkness. Hotak was a tribal, a man who wanted to achieve things for himself and his dynasty, not for anything or anyone else. “Relying on Hotak will not bring us anything more than dangerous precedents that others within the region might consider their due. That is not something we are willing to contemplate. Therefore, we are considering sending someone with actual sense to handle this matter.” He looked at his councillors, waiting to see if anyone would object, he then turned to Akbar and said. “Our forces are strong enough within this central region to allow for a little delegation to be sent with aid from Punjab, are they not?”

“They are, Your Imperial Majesty.” The man responded.

Satisfied, Aurangzeb turned to his son Muhammed Kam and said. “You shall command this host in our name and ensure the swift defeat of the enemy.” His son had shown some smartness in dealing with the Marathas, though Aurangzeb had never truly wanted him to succeed in the fighting there.

His son bowed his head. “I shall be honoured, Your Imperial Majesty.”

“Your Imperial Majesty, there is another matter, that I think needs to be discussed.” That was Shahid his spy master.

“Speak.” Aurangzeb commanded, he trusted Shahid, he knew the man would never lie to him, for they had agreed, sworn before the God on high that if Shahid would ever lie he would be executed, but not before watching his entire family die.

“There is the matter of the Marathas. They have consolidated their power in the region of Satara, and it seems they have negotiated some sort of alliance with the Portuguese for guns and training. They have also brought the various Rajput states under their alliance with the marriage between Sambhaji’s son Shahu with a Rajput Princess whose father has agreed to represent Rajput interests at the Maratha court.” Shahid said. “This has brought him some considerable strength, and with their attack on the convoy some months ago, they are looking as though they shall be heading into Bijapur.”

Aurangzeb wanted to scream. He did not want this fight to continue, the Marathas were turning out to be a much bigger pain than he had originally thought that they would be. He should have had Shivaji executed when he had had the chance. “What of their use of my son? Is Akbar there?” His son had fled into the regions where Aurangzeb’s grip did not extend after his failed rebellion and continued to hide within plain sight.

“Yes, my spies report that the man has been whispering words of encouragement to Sambhaji and informing him of certain plots and plans that he believes are being discussed within the court.” Shahid responded.

Aurangzeb knew that perhaps he should be alarmed at that, but he also knew that the reports and plots were being spread by Shahid on his orders. “Very well, send word to our grandson Bidar, and inform him to take his troops to meet this host.” Bidar like his father was a capable man and commander, Aurangzeb knew that these things would play into the choice of successor when the time came.

Shahid made note of this then asked. “What of the proposal from the English?”

Aurangzeb was hesitant to agree to the proposal of training his troops, that the English had made. He did not trust the company officials, and the ambassador gave mixed messages, but if the Marathas were being trained by the Portuguese, then perhaps the time was approaching for this. “Tell him to meet with us. We shall decide after speaking with him.”
 
Chapter 45: Mother Anne

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Chapter 45: Mother Anne



Anne had been Queen for seven years, that time had just flown by, she could not quite believe it. Her eldest daughters were nine and eight respectively and developing into very attractive young girls. Her eldest son and heir James was seven and a curious lad, always asking questions and wanting to know more about things. William and George were still too young to make any judgements about, and of course there was another child on the way. Anne placed a hand on her stomach then, she hoped it would be a girl, she’d like to have another daughter. She looked at her husband, he was starting to get some grey in his hair and he looked tired, as she felt.

He noticed her looking at him and smiled, she smiled in return, she then asked. “Have you given any thought over to what we spoke about last time?” They’d discussed marriage options and the education of their children a few days ago, before a ball that they’d held at Whitehall.

“I have.” George replied, his voice slow, considering. “I agree with you, my dear. I think that a marriage between Mary and Charles of Sweden’s eldest son would be good. Keeping things balanced between those two nations and ensuring that they both have to rely on us to settle their disputes.” Anne smiled she knew that her husband would always consider the northern edges of Europe due to his familial ties. “As for Anne Sophia, I am not sure. Prussia does not seem reasonable due to that odorous woman who sits as the Elector’s wife.” Anne nodded, she did not like the Hanoverians on principal. “Perhaps a marriage with Portugal? I’ve heard from Sunderland, that they were talking to those tribals in India about disrupting trade with the Mughal Emperor.”

Anne considered that, the lands of the east were of little interest to her right now, they were far away and not important, though if the Portuguese were getting involved again that would likely mean that the French would try to get involved, and that would need countering. “King Peter has a son, I believe, who is of an age with Anne Sophia.” She said. “Perhaps they can marry? I am sure that Parliament will not mind that, Anne Sophia is fifth in the line of succession and unlikely to be any higher.” That was something she was relieved about, her dynasty had to last.

“Shall I speak to Sunderland about it then, my dear, and see if he can get the ambassador to get things moving there?” George asked, though he did not always speak during cabinet meetings, he always gave her his view in private, and she appreciated that.

Anne thought about the question and then nodded. “I think that would be best. Sunderland appreciates you more than he does me.” Just as George was about to protest, Anne held up a hand. “It’s true, we both know it’s true. The man looked up to my uncle and tolerated my father. He sees Parliament as a hindrance, not a help, and he has always believed that because you are from Denmark that you support that view.”

They had never really spoken about the role of Parliament in either England or Scotland, in Ireland, the Parliament was less and the Lord Lieutenant somewhat acted as an overlord for the whole area, in the Queen’s name. Anne often found herself wondering just what her husband thought of this odd English tradition. As always though, George conceded to that point. “Very well, I shall speak with Sunderland. What of the boys? They will need betrothals also.”

Anne nodded, she knew that, but at the same time she felt that they should get the girls betrothed first before concerning themselves with the boys. “I think that perhaps that should wait for a time. To ensure that the war being waged currently is at an end, so we know where we stand with all the assorted powers.” It was better to be cautious than full throttle, Anne had observed that much from her father and uncle.

“Very well.” Her husband conceded. There was a pause and then her husband asked a question she had thought he would ask. “Have you thought anymore about the Occasional Conformity Bill? I know it hasn’t gotten past the Commons yet, but it does seem to be gaining some momentum.”

Anne sighed. “I do not think I will sign it. It does not appeal to me; it opens up far too many doors. We both know what happened during Cromwell’s time when the Puritans and other non-conformists got a chance to dictate things. They turned this great nation into a monstrosity. Besides, with the setting up of the bank, these non-conformists will have other options open to them.” That was what Sidney and Charles had told her at least.

“Do you not think that perhaps pushing for the bill to succeed, on your own agenda, could win you the support of the non-conformists and therefore strengthen your hand against that of Parliament?” her husband asked.

Whilst what George said was true in a sense, Anne would never consider giving the non-conformists, let alone Catholics the chance to have a say or hold position in government. That would open up something she just could not consider. “No, I think they are too indebted to the opposition and that fool Devonshire.” Devonshire a man she neither liked nor trusted.

“Very well, then, but you will have to act quickly to put forward a replacement for the opposition.” Her husband responded. Anne nodded, she already knew this and she had a candidate in mind.
 
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