A Better Rifle at Halloween

It’s worse than it looks. Not only was there a shortage of guns, the shells issued were almost entirely shrapnel. What HE they did have was compromised by the design requirement of firing on the same trajectory as the shrapnel. The Artillery was often quartered at the battery level in Britain and sometimes had never met, much less coordinated with the rest of their regiment. There were very few shells allocated to training and few days allowed for trying. And the training they did get was to a terrible doctrine. The artillery doctrine emphasized supporting the infantry by direct fire in almost all cases. Basically the infantry support was firing where the infantry could see you, and was measured by the number of bullet equivalents that they could send down range. They were also generally attached to a specific infantry formation, and so artillery units had no real way to combine fire with other units, and could only provide inadequate fire support to the infantry in front of them. In fact, there was no provision for artillery command at the highest levels and at lower levels it was generally only advisory, with little power to adjust the artillery to best support the objective.
I think the Royal Garrison Artillery and the Costal Batteries took gunnery science seriously so they could mange some of the stuff that the RHA and RA could latter in the war. As well I think they had a greater depth of shell types but they aren’t really all the influential when compared to the Royal Artillery and the Royal Horse Artillery.
 
Woolwich turned out highly skilled officers both Royal Engineers and Royal Artillery, part of the problem was that the command structure was not set up for a war against first rate powers. Another was that there was no simple way to see over the hill and so direct fire made sense. It was not until the British Field guns got battered by the Germans firing indirectly that their was an appreciation for how important it was. As was noted above the lack of High explosives and a instantaneous fuze also limited the usefulness of the guns even further. When the territorials came into the line they were stuck with the 15 pounders and the 4.7 both of which were just horrible and obsolete. Meanwhile new built guns were being saved for the New Army divisions. One of the advantages of having Churchill as effectively Minister for Defence is that he knew everybody. He would remember who performed well in South Africa.
 
Although you might need someone to keep an eye on Fisher...but with Churchill away from the Admiralty, you might get a very very different Dardnelles campign.
 
I think the Royal Garrison Artillery and the Costal Batteries took gunnery science seriously so they could mange some of the stuff that the RHA and RA could latter in the war. As well I think they had a greater depth of shell types but they aren’t really all the influential when compared to the Royal Artillery and the Royal Horse Artillery.
The RGA did have a more scientific approach to gunnery. This was partially down to the fact that they fired larger guns and were rarely expected to directly support infantry. They also tended to be quartered in areas more appropriate for gunnery practice. There is a anecdotal story of an RGA major being in a gunnery course and suggesting bringing (IIRC) a barometer into the field to better account for atmospheric conditions. He was laughed at by the rest of the class and the instructor. This would later become standard artillery equipment.

The problem was that the RGA was smaller and less well regarded than the other branches. most senior positions were filled by RHA and RFA officers. The Artillery officers across the board were generally professional, often more technically minded than the infantry and committed to providing the infantry with the best support possible. But they were generally being taught to give the infantry the support it wanted rather than the support it desperately needed.
 
Heck this talk about officers and their peers and superior reminds me of something from OTL I read in a Book called Fire and Movement by Peter Hart there was an officer of the BEF in 1914 a Lieutenant Colonel George Barrow who had the idea to make a series of phone calls to various train stations from the station in Mons to figure out the positions of the germans so he rang all these stations in Belgium and was able to get a fairly accurate picture of the german advance and showed how much further west the Germans had gotten however GHQ preferred to rely on its own agents and more orthodox intelligence methods. It replied, ‘The information which you have acquired and conveyed to the Commander-in-Chief appears to be somewhat exaggerated.’
 
I can understand why the staff officers treated such off the cuff intelligence reports with a bit of scepticism though. They have no way of verifying what they've been told and it could easily have been German officers on the other end of the phone feeding the colonel a load of bs.
 
I can understand why the staff officers treated such off the cuff intelligence reports with a bit of scepticism though. They have no way of verifying what they've been told and it could easily have been German officers on the other end of the phone feeding the colonel a load of bs.
The Royal Flying Corps also verified the same report as well. Though French's staff was more interested in what it was like going up in a flying machine.

If memory serves with the LtCol he broke it down into like four categories first one was no enemies sighted, second one was german five miles distant, have just received message in town closing down and the last one was if there was no response or a German voice on the line they marked it down. I think though the main reason why I find the approach so fascinating and why it worked is it wasn't really expected by anyone and the Germans were advancing to the expected pre war plan which officer like Haig and Smith-Dorren expected do it seemed likely though the aerial recon and the episode I mentioned were never relayed to them.

 
The Royal Flying Corps also verified the same report as well. Though French's staff was more interested in what it was like going up in a flying machine.
I don't think anyone ever accused Sir John French of competence. The idiot wanted to do with the BEF in Belgium what Townsend did with his force in Iraq.
 
Although you might need someone to keep an eye on Fisher...but with Churchill away from the Admiralty, you might get a very very different Dardnelles campign.
Churchill retains his post of First Lord of the Admiralty, he is combining that with Secretary of State for War. This is intended to effectively make him the equivalent of his WW2 Role of Minister of Defence. Sir John French will remain in Britain as his principle military adviser. Likewise Lloyd George will take on his role as effectively Munitions minister earlier whilst retaining Chancellor of the Exchequer, Asquith remains PM.
 
Practice Number 22,
2:30 pm 10th August, Chipping Barnet.

The RSM was a happy man, he had just fired his best ever Practice Number 22, he had fired 45 rounds in the minute and hit the target 45 times, having reloaded from the stripper clips 4 times. His beaming smile directed to the Lt Col Malcolm and the pair of Hill and Farquhar said it all. The inventors then passed out the other rifles and magazines, all of the officers present proceeded to trial the rifle. They all looked suitably impressed. After 30 minutes of shooting and with only handful of jams they were even happier, the mounds of brass glinted dully in the sun.

Colonel Malcolm, took Farquhar to one side, saying “how many of these rifles do you have.” “I have over 2500 available” he replied, “Ammunition?”, “over 250,000 rounds.” “Web Kit” “5000 sets, bayonets likewise” “The cost, £8 5 4d, with web kit and bayonet and 250 rounds of ammunition.”

With that Lt Col Malcolm committed himself, he said “I can purchase them out of Battalion funds immediately, and once I demonstrate the problem to brigade I am sure the will get onboard, they are coming tomorrow to see what the old rifle and ammunition do. If you can bring enough rifles for a company and ammunition for the same, we can show them by shooting half company against each other. “One half with the SMLE Mark 1 and the other with your rifles, then we can swap weapons and do it again.” Farquhar's reply was emphatic “absolutely, I will have the rifles here in the morning with the ammunition and web kit”
 
Back at Rules
7:00 pm, 10th August 1914, London.

By this stage the management of Rules had set aside a permanent room for the use of Senior officers and Government Ministers. Winston Churchill was sitting with Percy Girouard, currently managing director of the Elswick Works of Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth and Company Limited. Winston Churchill had requested his presence for two reasons, he remembered his service in South Africa where he had unfankled the chaos of the railways at the start of the Boer War.

He had additionally served as High Commissioner for Northern Nigeria during which he had railways built. He was also a French Canadian and a Catholic, thus he was outside of the usual circles of advisers to the Government, his successful management of the Elswick Works was icing on the cake as far as Churchill was concerned.

They began by discussing the Boer war and the work on the railways, Girouard reminisced about the changes he had wrought to get a grip on railway supply. Churchill then asked for his opinion on France and Belgium, Girouard then said, “it is the railways, Belgium’s network is dense and if they can capture the key points, Liege is one of them, they don’t need Antwerp but Liege and Namur are the key.” Churchill noted this saying “The man in Liege has already got people smashing everything, I think when it falls the Germans will get an ash heap and little else”, Girouard looked thoughtful and said, “if the Germans are smart, they will get the most important thing.” “Really” Replied Churchill, “yes, we can replace trains, track and bridges, but trained personnel are invaluable, it takes years to train men to run a complex rail network, those people will still be available if they live, and the Germans will use them to run the railways in Belgium.”

“On that note, we shall have to preserve our railway men, we can’t have them getting sucked into the army as foot soldiers, you will want them for our military railroads”, Churchills only reply was a kind of non-committal grunt, “You think you will be able to rely on the French railways?” to which Churchill said “yes, they have committed to supporting our efforts, they will run them from the docks to the front line. We just have to supply French speaking liaison officers.” Girouard’s reply was just a laugh.

The two men continued to eat, each lost in their thoughts, suddenly Girouard said “I shall have to resign, I can’t be seen to work for Armstrong-Whitworth and be your railway adviser, the owners would never stand for it.” “Who said I want you for that role, we have a committee for railway management here in Britain,” “Oh not that committee, you need me in France. You need me in France to organise the transport, from the pier to the frontlines one man needs to be in charge and that man should be me. At least that fool French is safely here in Britain” Churchill bristled at this but said nothing. Continuing Girouard said “Smith-Dorien will do a good job, he doesn’t dream of glory, and he values his men’s lives. He understands that in this war, we will win it, by crushing the Germans with Russian soldiers, French guns and British money. In any case our army shall have to grow as well, we will have to be seen to shedding blood as well, lest our allies think we just want to win on the backs of their dead”

At this point Churchill looked pensive, “I had not considered this at all, I wanted your advice, Lloyd George has Geddes working on his commission, I wanted you in the War Office to help liaise with the Commission to help filter the requests before we sent them across to the manufacturers.”

Girouard replied again, “that is important, but the army should supply the men for that role and make sure they don’t stay in post for too long, send them back to the front regularly. To make sure they actually know what the army needs, otherwise we will have some dammed fool ordering equipment because that’s what they wanted at Omdurman.” Warming to his task he continued “you need to make sure that the men doing the work know their business. Perhaps you should make sure you have junior officers involved, those who have been wounded and need a convalescent role, they would bring a bit of clarity as well, hell you might as well be shot for a sheep as a lamb and include some NCO’s at least they will be cynical about what they are testing. They can’t all be Guardsmen either, make sure you get men from the Artillery and the Engineers, all the Corps come to think of it”

Whilst you are at it the army needs to stop recruiting mathematicians and engineers and chemists into the fighting arms, we will need all of them doing research. You need to have men who can look at a page of numbers and make sense of it. My transport commission will be looking for statisticians and transport specialists, the big grocers’ companies will have some of what I want” by this stage Girouard had assumed that he would be writing his own command so he might as well push for everything he wanted. Churchill was struggling to keep up with the vision, but he knew that if they could implement half of what Girouard demanded then at least some of the chaos which seemed to happen whenever the British empire went to war would abate. He thought back to South Africa, where the start of the war had been a series of bloody defeats, he would make sure that in this war he did everything he could to replace blood and tears with sweat.

Girouard finished saying “I will need suitable rank, I think I shall need to be a Lieutenant General, that will match me with the Corps Commanders, I imagine if the war is as long and bloody as I expect you will make me a General before it is over”

With that he turned back to his meal, a rather delicious saddle of venison, he knew Churchill would agree to his ambit claim. It would just take a couple of days whilst the Secretary of State for War convinced himself that it was his idea.
 
Huh damn talking about breaking convention heck the way things are going with all the shuffling I have to wonder if Samuel Hughes will get the boot earlier.
 
He was the maniac who pushed for The Ross Rifle wasn't he, actually he might survive on the grounds a rising tide lifts all boats. I feel that I am doing well by Canada, so he might just need to get the axe.
 
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He was the maniac who pushed for The Ross Rifle wasn't he, actually he might survive on the grounds a rising tide lifts all boats. I feel that I am doing well by Canada, so he might just need to get the axe.
That and things like the shield shovel, sub standard uniform and webbing along with the M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun to be deployed when the Canadians first went to the front. On top of this he was a bully an ass and was livid that his training arrangements that were so poor planned and organised prevented him from deploying the first Canadian units to the front I think I'd memory serves that honour went to a private initiative in Quebec.

He also tended to favour nepotism to the extreme it was why the Ross rifle got through in the first place. Heck one general even threatened to resign I think if he had to keep dealing with him.
 
That and things like the shield shovel, sub standard uniform and webbing along with the M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun to be deployed when the Canadians first went to the front. On top of this he was a bully an ass and was livid that his training arrangements that were so poor planned and organised prevented him from deploying the first Canadian units to the front I think I'd memory serves that honour went to a private initiative in Quebec.

He also tended to favour nepotism to the extreme it was why the Ross rifle got through in the first place. Heck one general even threatened to resign I think if he had to keep dealing with him.
To be fair the Ross was fixable with a few tweaks and proper attention paid to heat treatment.
 
To be fair the Ross was fixable with a few tweaks and proper attention paid to heat treatment.
TBH the Ross would probably be a better sniper rifle than a service rifle the way the whole thing was built reminds me of a Hunting rifle.

I know some Canadian snipers did use it and loved the damned thing. I also know the man who invented the Rifle Charles Ross did see the problem coming and tried to make attempts to mitigate and rectify it but it was a case of being to little to late.

Edit: also by the time it was all ironed out everyone was just done with the rifle and binned them and a lot got sold off as surplus. Some even made their way to the Baltic and the Nazis re issued some of the ones they took from the Baltic states.
 
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2:00 pm 10th August 1914, London.

The first meeting of the Purchasing Commission was in session, the Chief Purchasing Officer Sir John Brunner of the Bruner Mond company and his deputies Eric Geddes of the London and North Eastern Railway and Lieutenant General Sir James Grierson who was deputising for Sir John Cowans Quartermaster General to the Forces. Sir Frederick Tudor as Third Sea Lord represented the needs of the Royal Navy, as former Director of Naval Ordinance and Torpedoes he was well placed to advise on both the needs of the Navy, whilst also being an expert in gunnery in general.

They began their meeting with Sir John Brunner saying “Gentlemen, we face an enemy which has invaded Belgium with an army a million strong, whose super heavy guns are blowing fortress apart without that they can even reply with their own guns, our own regular army is deploying now to France and Belgium to dispute with this colossus. It is and has since the days of Napoleon, been a flexible instrument, but built, trained and used in the defence of empire, it is not equipped to fight in the cockpit of Europe.” “We gentlemen must remedy those short comings, we shall mobilise British industry and invention, the politicians will get us the money, we must get the material to the army.” With that discussion of the military situation commenced, beginning with the current equipment which was available to the British Army. Sir James Grierson introduced the guns, “Starting with the Royal Garrison Artillery and discounting the various fixed and coastal gun emplacements, we have 16 9.2” Siege guns on order, the first deliveries are expected to take place in December. Moving down from there we have 80 6” Howitzers left in service, but they are heavy and short ranged. We then move onto the 60 Pounder Field Gun, we have 30 available. The Territorials are equipped with the 4.7” Gun which was no dammed use in South Africa and not likely to be any better in France and Belgium.” Taking a drink of water, he continued “The Royal Artillery operates the 4.5” Howitzer and the 18 pounder of which we have 182 and 1200 respectively, the territorials use the 15 pounder BLC” finally he moved onto the Royal Horse Artillery “The RHA are equipped with the 13 pounder, we have 25 batteries at the moment with 11 in India, each battery has 6 guns. The territorial Horse Artillery units use the German QF 15 pounder.” The summary concluded Grierson then made the following statement “We have too little artillery and what we have is far too light, already we are seeing the advantage of heavy guns, the Germans are using it to effect on Liege and it remains to be seen if that city falls before its railroad is wrecked” “Our army is going to have to expand massively, we shall need thousands of guns and to go with those thousands of guns we shall also need shells more shells than we can imagine, remember against the Boers we shot all our war stock out and frantically had to manufacture more. This time it will be vastly worse, every munition factory needs to recruit enough to run 3 shifts, and we must prevent their workers going into the army.” Grierson then summarized all of the other equipment which was required, he made the point that civilian transport was being called up, but much more would be required. The meeting continued in this vein until 7pm and the men planned to resume it on the following day.
The RN has a lot of 9.2" naval guns in store. These were long ranged weapons and would be ideal rail artillery on suitable mounts.

The British Army had been carrying out expeditionary warfare on the borders of the Empire for so long, where mobility and rate of fire were more important they had long neglected modern artillery tactics. You generally don't need indirect fire against natives armed with spears who are charging you, just open sights and lots of canister.
 
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