1491 - A Premodern timeline

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1491 - A Premodern timeline

Isabel_das_Asturias.jpg

Isabella II of Castile I of Aragon

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Her first marriage was to Prince Afonso, the only son and heir of king John II of Portugal from his marriage with Eleanor of Viseu. The wedding, by proxy, took place in the spring of 1490 in Seville. On 19 November of that year, Isabella arrived in Badajoz, where she was welcomed by Afonso's uncle Manuel, the future King Manuel I of Portugal, whom she would eventually marry six years after her husband's death. Afonso and Isabella were reunited in Elvas on 22 November and, on the following day, Isabella met her mother-in-law, Queen Eleanor, in the Convento do Espinheiro in Evora, where the court had gathered to ratify the marriage that had been celebrated earlier in Seville.

Though the marriage had been arranged by the Treaty of Alcacovas, the marriage quickly became a love match.

Prince Afonso was forbiden to joust and ride for a while in order to ensure that Afonso and Isabella would have a heir and spare.

later on 1493, Isabella would give birth to a boy on December 4, 1193, the labor was very difficult for Isabella but she was able to survive it and the boy was baptized on Lisboa cathedral as John.

Columbus traveled from Portugal to both and , but he received encouragement from neither. He had also dispatched his brother to the court of to inquire whether the English crown might sponsor his expedition, but also without success.

Columbus had sought an audience from the monarchs and , who had united several kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula by marrying and were ruling together. On 1 May 1486, permission having been granted, Columbus presented his plans to Queen Isabella, who, in turn, referred it to a committee. After the passing of much time, the of Spain, like their counterparts in , replied that Columbus had grossly underestimated the distance to Asia. They pronounced the idea impractical and advised their Royal Highnesses to pass on the proposed venture.

However, to keep Columbus from taking his ideas elsewhere, and perhaps to keep their options open, the gave him an annual allowance of 12,000 and, in 1489, furnished him with a letter ordering all cities and towns under their domain to provide him food and lodging at no cost, however those efforts came in an abrupt end in July 1491 because Columbus die due to him contracting pneumonia, the same disease would kill John, Prince of Asturias the only son Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon on the same year, they would transfer their hopes to their grandson to their grandson who had the same name.

On the other side of the world, the Pinatubo mountain in Saludong, a part of Majapahit Empire would collapse and a few earth quakes would shock the island of Saludong, the Pinatubo Mountain would spew ash although the ash would also fade in few days.

The cone of Pinatubo would collapse and form a lake in its Caldera, the Kingdoms of Sapa(Kingdom of Tondo) and Kabolan would recover from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo and the merchants that trade in city states in Saludong such as Faru and Tundun would remain and the rivers would recover fast in a few months restoring the flow of trade to Majapahit from the North in a manner of months.
 
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A portrait of Young Catherine of Aragon

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Due to the death of a son for Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand they would transfer their hopes to their grandchild, Prince John, in the same time Isabella of Aragon would not want to become pregnant soon after the birth of Prince John, since her giving birth was difficult and she wanted to rest in giving birth, the Queen of Portugal would devote herself to religion at this point in time.

The Princess of Asturias was quoted saying to her own husband that she really like fasting and abstinence and devoting herself to the lord rather than being queen, this is very much evident due to the Monarchs of Castile and Aragon being very pious and known for neutralizing Granada, and annexing it to Castile.

The Princess of Asturias would also devote herself to her son, John taking care of her and giving him the best of care.

The Princess of Asturias would resume her marital obligations on 1495, when she felt that she has already recovered from the pregnancy with Prince John, she would give birth to a daughter named Isabella b. 1496 and another son named Alfonso on 1499.

Meanwhile due to Columbus dying the possible opportunity for the Catholic Monarchs was destroyed, however the Catholic Monarchs would win the Italian wars in Milan, Earlier the Catholic Monarchs wanted a marriage alliance between the Holy Roman and the Catholic Monarchs when their son was alive, however that would never happened as their son, John has already died.

The Catholic Monarchs would protect the King of Naples against the invaders from France in the Italian wars in 1494, and the Catholic monarchs would prevail in that war due to the help of Holy Roman Empire and Hungary.

Princess Joanna, who was originally thought to marry Philip of Burgundy would be axed on the possibility of marrying him, however she would be married to someone else who would help their geopolitical aims.

On 1196, Princess Joanna, herself would be married to Louis, Duke of Orleans who was requesting a break from his marital ties, the Catholic monarchs offered to help the duke of Orleans in dissolving the marital ties of Duke of Orleans, while her sister Maria would be married to the duke of Burgundy on 1498, Philip of Austria, whose sister, Margaret of Austria who was engaged to the Charles VIII before his marriage to Anne of Brittany is married to Manuel, the Duke of Beja at the same time in 1498 order to continue the old plans of alliance between the Catholic Monarchs, wherein the future Kings of Iberia and Germany would be on alliance.

The marriage between Philip of Austria and Burgundy and Maria of Aragon and Margaret of Austria to the duke of Beja would attach the future united Iberia and Germany and surround France with hostile enemies.

After the death of Charles VIII, Anne of Brittany marries the duke of Warwick who escaped to the continent on 1499.

At an early age the youngest daughter of the Catholic Monarchs, Catherine was considered a suitable wife for, heir apparent to the English throne, due to the English ancestry she inherited from her mother. By means of her mother, Catherine had a stronger legitimate claim to the English throne than King Henry VII himself through the first two wives of and In contrast, Henry VII was the descendant of Gaunt's third marriage to , whose children were born out of wedlock and only legitimized after the death of Constance and the marriage of John to Katherine. The children of John and Katherine, while legitimized, were barred from inheriting the English throne, a stricture that was ignored in later generations. Because of Henry's descent through illegitimate children barred from succession to the English throne, the Tudor monarchy was not accepted by all European kingdoms. At the time, the was the most prestigious in Europe, due to the rule of the , so the alliance of Catherine and Arthur validated the House of Tudor in the eyes of European royalty and strengthened the Tudor claim to the English throne via Catherine of Aragon's ancestry. It would have given a male heir an indisputable claim to the throne. The two were on 19 May 1499 and corresponded in Latin until Arthur turned fifteen, when it was decided that they were old enough to be married.

When Catherine of Aragon traveled to London with her mother, Isabella of Castile, she brought a group of her African attendants with her, including one identified as the trumpeter . They are the first Africans recorded to have arrived in London at the time, and were considered luxury servants. They caused a great impression about the princess and the power of her family.

Catherine of Aragon and Arthur were advised defer their marriage til Arthur is strong enough to do his own marital obligation and Catherine would stay in the court before their marriage, for Isabella I of Castile they will accept it so that the marriage would happen.

Isabella I of Castile would feel secure about what would happen with her daughter, Catherine of Aragon finally married Arthur on 1503, when Arthur was in greater health, the decision was said to be a good one for them, the two got married on February 2, 1503.
 
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A ISABELLA II TIMELINE AND A SURVIVING ALFONSO???? IS IT CHRISTMAS OR AM I DREAMING???
I actually want to do a timeline with columbus not doing his expeditions and the Native Americans alive, I figured that having Alfonso and Arthur alive with the native americans killed by small pox would be a good divergence..
 
Through I would move infante Joao's birth until 1495 because Alfonso was like 15 in 1492. Also a infante Peter for the duke of Coimbra as the final middlefinger to the Braganzas, who are toast when Isabella becomes Isabella II, by grace of God, queen regent of Castile and Leon.
 
Through I would move infante Joao's birth until 1495 because Alfonso was like 15 in 1492. Also a infante Peter for the duke of Coimbra as the final middlefinger to the Braganzas, who are toast when Isabella becomes Isabella II, by grace of God, queen regent of Castile and Leon.
He is 15 in 1490 acc. to wiki and he is 16 in 1491, so having a son is not impossible at that time..

yes..middle finger to the braganzas..
 
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Anne of Navarre, Queen consort of Portugal, Aragon and Castile[1]

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John II of Portugal dies and Alfonso VI ascends the throne of Portugal as King on 1495.

The squadron of Vasco da Gama left Portugal in 1497, rounded the Cape and continued along the coast of East Africa, where a local pilot was brought on board who guided them across the Indian Ocean, reaching Calicut (the capital of the native kingdom ruled by Zamorins) in south-western India in May 1498. The second voyage to India was dispatched in 1500 under Pedro Álvares Cabral. While following the same south-westerly route as Gama across the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral made landfall on the Brazilian coast. This was probably an accidental discovery, but it has been speculated that the Portuguese secretly knew of Brazil's existence and that it lay on their side of the Tordesillas line. Cabral recommended to the Portuguese King that the land be settled, and two follow up voyages were sent in 1501 and 1503. The land was found to be abundant in pau-brasil, or brazilwood, from which it later inherited its name, but the failure to find gold or silver meant that for the time being Portuguese efforts were concentrated on India. In 1502, to enforce its trade monopoly over a wide area of the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese Empire created the cartaz licensing system, granting merchant ships protection against pirates and rival states.

Profiting from the rivalry between the ruler of Kochi and the Zamorin of Calicut, the Portuguese were well-received and seen as allies, as they obtained a permit to build the fort Alfonso(Fort Kochi) and a trading post that were the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at Tangasseri, Quilon (Coulão, Kollam) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at Cochin (Cochim, Kochi) and Cannanore (Canonor, Kannur), built a factory at Quilon in 1503. In 1505 King Alfonso VI of Portugal appointed Francisco de Almeida first Viceroy of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered Kannur, where they founded St. Angelo Fort, and Lourenço de Almeida arrived in Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), where he discovered the source of cinnamon. Although Cankili I of Jaffna initially resisted contact with them, the Jaffna kingdom came to the attention of Portuguese officials soon after for their resistance to missionary activities as well as logistical reasons due to its proximity with Trincomalee harbour among other reasons. In the same year, Alfonso VI ordered Almeida to fortify the Portuguese fortresses in Kerala and within eastern Africa, as well as probe into the prospects of building forts in Sri Lanka and Malacca in response to growing hostilities with Muslims within those regions and threats from the

On April 22, 1500, during the reign of Alfonso VI, a fleet led by navigator landed in Brazil and took possession of the land in the name of the king. Although whether previous Portuguese explorers had already been in Brazil, this date is widely and politically accepted as the day of the discovery of Brazil by Europeans. Álvares Cabral was leading a large fleet of 13 ships and more than 1000 men following 's way to , around . The place where Álvares Cabral arrived is now known as ("safe harbor"), in Northeastern Brazil.

Louis XII of France and Alfonso VI would arrange the betrothal between Anne of Navarre, the eldest daughter of Catherine of Navarre and Infante John of Portugal on 1508, the tentative marriage would cause permanently peace between the future united Iberia and the Kingdom of France and this would end the claims of France to the Kingdom of Naples, but it would also lead the Kingdom of Navarre to pass to the hands of Iberians thereby uniting the Iberian Peninsula completely.


[1] OTL a 1533 portrait by Pieter de Kempener entitled Portrait of a Lady.
 
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The Colonization of Americas started in Brasil instead not Carribean..

this is a better scenario for natives because they might have a better footing.

The first crop that will go to the old world will be Cassava, then Potato then Corn the last..
 
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Well written kasumigenx, although you seem to be missing a few words. I'll be looking forward to updated.

How different were Portugese (as spoken in Lisbon) and Castillian (as spoken in Madrid) in the 16th century? Were they mutually intelligible?
 
Well written kasumigenx, although you seem to be missing a few words. I'll be looking forward to updated.

How different were Portugese (as spoken in Lisbon) and Castillian (as spoken in Madrid) in the 16th century? Were they mutually intelligible?
Yes somewhat..
 
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Brazilian Forests

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John II of Portugal dies and Alfonso VI ascends the throne of Portugal as King on 1495.

The squadron of Vasco da Gama left Portugal in 1497, rounded the Cape and continued along the coast of East Africa, where a local pilot was brought on board who guided them across the Indian Ocean, reaching Calicut (the capital of the native kingdom ruled by Zamorins) in south-western India in May 1498. The second voyage to India was dispatched in 1500 under Pedro Alvares Cabral. While following the same south-westerly route as Gama across the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral made landfall on the Brazilian coast. This was probably an accidental discovery, but it has been speculated that the Portuguese secretly knew of Brazil's existence and that it lay on their side of the Tordesillas line. Cabral recommended to the Portuguese King that the land be settled, and two follow up voyages were sent in 1501 and 1503. The land was found to be abundant in pau-brasil, or brazilwood, from which it later inherited its name, but the failure to find gold or silver meant that for the time being Portuguese efforts were concentrated on India. In 1502, to enforce its trade monopoly over a wide area of the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese Empire created the cartaz licensing system, granting merchant ships protection against pirates and rival states.

Profiting from the rivalry between the ruler of Kochi and the Zamorin of Calicut, the Portuguese were well-received and seen as allies, as they obtained a permit to build the fort Alfonso(Fort Kochi) and a trading post that were the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at Tangasseri, Quilon (Coulão, Kollam) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at Cochin (Cochim, Kochi) and Cannanore (Canonor, Kannur), built a factory at Quilon in 1503. In 1505 King Alfonso VI of Portugal appointed Francisco de Almeida first Viceroy of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered Kannur, where they founded St. Angelo Fort, and Lourenço de Almeida arrived in Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), where he discovered the source of cinnamon. Although Cankili I of Jaffna initially resisted contact with them, the Jaffna kingdom came to the attention of Portuguese officials soon after for their resistance to missionary activities as well as logistical reasons due to its proximity with Trincomalee harbour among other reasons. In the same year, Alfonso VI ordered Almeida to fortify the Portuguese fortresses in Kerala and within eastern Africa, as well as probe into the prospects of building forts in Sri Lanka and Jayakarta in response to growing hostilities with Muslims within those regions and threats from the

On April 22, 1500, during the reign of Alfonso VI, a fleet led by navigator landed in Brazil and took possession of the land in the name of the king. Although whether previous Portuguese explorers had already been in Brazil, this date is widely and politically accepted as the day of the discovery of Brazil by Europeans. Alvares Cabral was leading a large fleet of 13 ships and more than 1000 men following 's way to , around . The place where Alvares Cabral arrived is now known as ("safe harbor"), in Northeastern Brazil.

Louis, duke of Orleans, regent and stepfather of Charles IX and Alfonso VI would arrange the betrothal between Anne of Navarre, the eldest daughter of Catherine of Navarre and Infante John of Portugal on 1508 and the marriage between Charles IX and Isabella of Spain, the tentative marriage would cause permanently peace between the future united Iberia and the Kingdom of France and this would end the claims of France to the Kingdom of Naples, but it would also lead the Kingdom of Navarre to pass to the hands of Iberians thereby uniting the Iberian Peninsula completely.

 
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Bali Rice Terraces

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In 1489, the vice-regent and successful general, Udara, deposed Girindrawardhana, naming himself Brawijaya VII in Java.

Due to the circumstances of the Mount Pinatubo not being more friendly to the trade between Java and Sumatra to the Sinosphere and the Wukou due to the cone of Pinatubo collapsing and form a lake in its Caldera, the fast recovery would mean that some of the trade networks of the Majapahit Empire would remain intact.

However at this point the Majapahit is already collapsing and every one who is Islam wanted a piece of the Empire, however it would not be very drastic and would be a very smooth succession to the era of Majapahit dissolving into independent states which would retain their alliance.

The Kingdom of Majapahit collapses however its framework would remain intact and its base and alliance would remain intact, the Kings of Brunei and Demak would dispute themselves as the successors of Majapahit.

the minor kingdoms of Sapa and Gowa would become minor power in their region as vassals of the deteriorating Majapahit Empire, the Kingdoms of Sapa and Gowa would gain the complete control of the coasts of their own regions and the city states in it, in case of Sapa in Saludong and Gowa in case of Sulawesi, the old Majapahit realms would continue trading and continue as one even if the central authority of Majapahit is being torn apart due to war between the Hindus and Muslims, especially the Acehnese, Demak and Brunei are trying to battle in domination of the Majapahit territories.

The Bruneian missionaries would prosetylize their religion in the bays and coastal areas of Kalimantan/Borneo and Saludang, making the coastal and bay regions majorly muslim by the mid 16th century.

Even if the Portuguese were defeated in Melaka in 1510, they knew that the Hindus are easy converts to christianity and allied with the Kingdom of Sunda, which ceded the city of Jayakarta in the process of alliance.

The Kingdom of Sunda would slowly be prosetylized to christianity like the Congo Kingdom and the first Christian Kingdom in the Maritime South East Asia, but it would be the first officially catholic state in East Asia in the near future.

The Portuguese would establish ports and acquire a city in the crumbling Majapahit Empire, the city of Jayakarta which would be renamed into Nova Lisboa from one of the component Kingdoms of the Majapahit Empire, the Kingdom of Sunda, making Sunda one of the Portuguese allies.


 
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The Portuguese would establish the Colony of Brazil as a manufacturing colony where in the Portuguese would cultivate Cassava and Sugar, however the natives of Brasil would lose alot of their population due to the plagues that the Portuguese would bring the native people of the colony of Brasil, the colonial condition would be harsh.

The Portuguese would call the people in the colony of Brasil as Indigena or natives or Brasil Indigena.

Along with the Native laborers in the Colony in Brasil, some laborers from the Kingdom of Congo, a protectorate of portugal and the colony of Mozambique would arrive to the Brazilian colony on the continent of Brazil.

The Portuguese would call the new continent as Brasil.

In the mean time time the Portuguese colony in Mozambique started by Vasco de Gama in 1498 would expand to the southern tip of the continent of Africa due to the Portuguese christianizing the San and Khoi population in 1515.

The San and Khoi would be christianized by the Portuguese missionaries that entered from Mozambique, the San and Khoi christianity would incorporate San and Khoi influences although in the flow of time the religion becomes more european.
 
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