1362 - a Medieval Timeline

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1362

The Survival of the Empress and the death of a King

By 1362, Anna of Swidnica, the Holy Roman Empress would able to recover from her illness and conceive another son and at this point and Louis of Hungary would die after contracting Black death leaving behind his childless widow, Elizabeth of Bosnia on 1362, who would be sent to Bosnia and resurfaced as the the wife of Ivan Stratsimir of Bulgaria and provided him of a daughter named Jelena (1368), the death of Louis of Hungary without heirs would mean that the crown would pass to Princess Elizabeth of Slavonia who is currently ten years old at the time.

the birth of the second son of Anna of Swidnica and Charles IV in December 10, 1362 would be named Sigismund of Luxembourg, she would give birth to a daughter named Anna on January 2, 1366 who would be her own last child, she would die on 1370 having done her own duty as the Queen of Bohemia and Holy Roman Empress.

Anna of Swidnica would be the heiress of the Childless Duke, Bolko of Swidnica of Silesia and a grandniece of Casimir III, she would be remembered as a dutiful Empress of Germany as she has proven that she is very much a fertile Empress.

 

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The Unions and Silesia part 1

On 1363 Casimir III will enter a set of alliances for his own heirs, Elizabeth of Pomerania will marry Stephen III of Bavaria while Casimir of Slupsk will marry Hedwig of Sagan in order to set the agenda of the Poles regaining Silesia.

Casimir of Slupsk would watch his grandfather war for Silesia until Casimir III’s own death in 1370 and the Dukes of Opole and Glogow would have defected to Poland during the campaigns in 1363-1370 and Wschowa would be returned to the Duke of Glogow and Czestochowa would be given to the Duke of Opole as fiefs but there is no conclusion to the Silesian issue until the death of Charles IV on 1390 and Casimir III would die on 1370 giving the throne to Casimir of Slupsk who is made as Casimir IV, Casimir of Slupsk would get the support of Mazovians and Greater Poland as the King of Poland and his marriage with Jadwiga of Sagan would have strengthened his position to the Kingdom of Poland.

During his early reign as the King of Poland, aside from protecting the Dukes of Glogow and Opole which are also his vassals he would protect the Dukes of Pomerania against the forces of Brandenburg who wanted to inherit their lands in the long term.

The marriage between Casimir of Slupsk and Hedwig would have produced four surviving children and three stillbirths.

Jadwiga(1366)

Anna(1368)

Wladyslaw(1380)

Casimir(1382)

 

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Baptism of Lithuania

The final attempt to Christianize Lithuania was made by Jogaila. Jogaila's Russian mother urged him to marry Sofia, daughter of Prince Dmitri of Moscow, who required him first to convert to Orthodoxy and to make Lithuania a fief of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. That option, however, was unrealistic and unlikely to halt the crusades against Lithuania by the Teutonic Order. Jogaila chose therefore to accept a Polish proposal to become a Catholic and marry Princess Jadwiga of Poland, the eldest daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland. On these and other terms, on 14 August 1385, at the castle of Krėva, Jogaila agreed to adopt Christianity.

Jogaila was duly baptised in Vilnius on 15 February 1386. The royal baptism was followed by the conversion of most of Jogaila's court and knights, as well as Jogaila's brothers Karigaila, Vygantas, Švitrigaila and cousin Vytautas.

The baptism of nobles and their peasants was at first carried out in the capital Vilnius and its environs. The nobility and some peasants in Aukštaitija were baptized in spring, followed by the rest of the Lithuanian nobility. The parishes were established in ethnic Lithuania and the new Vilnius Cathedral was built in 1387 in the site of a demolished pagan temple.

The other sister of Jadwiga, Anna of Poland would marry Olaf II of Denmark on the same year to secure Poland’s northern borders.

 

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Charles III of Naples

Margaret of Durazzo would give birth to a son for Charles of Durazzo named Ladislaus on 1370.

Queen Joanna I of Naples officially acknowledged Clement VII as the lawful pope against Urban VI on 22 November 1378. She even gave shelter to Clement VII, who had been expelled from Rome, and helped him to leave Italy for Avignon in May 1378. In retaliation, Pope Urban VI excommunicated the queen and declared her deprived of her kingdom in favor of Charles of Durazzo and his wife Margaret on 17 June.

Louis's expedition counted to some 40,000 troops, including those of Amadeus VI of Savoy, and had the financial support of Antipope Clement VII and Bernabò Visconti of Milan. Charles, who counted on the mercenary companies under John Hawkwood and Bartolomeo d'Alviano, for a total of some 14,000 men, was able to divert the French from Naples to other regions of the kingdom and to harass them with guerrilla tactics. Amadeus fell ill and died in Molise on 1 March 1383, and his troops abandoned the field. Louis asked for help to his king in France, who sent him an army under Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy. The latter was able to conquer Arezzo and then invade the Kingdom of Naples, but midway was reached by the news that Louis had suddenly died at Bisceglie on 20 September 1384.

Charles III of Naples would engineer a treaty with Aragon who holds Maria of Sicily for Maria of Sicily to marry his son, Ladislaus and his daughter, Joanna of Naples to marry Martin, the son of Martin, the heir of Aragon, if Ladislaus and Maria were both to die without children Joanna of Naples and the younger Martin would both Inherit Sicily and Naples, the two marriages would happen on 1385.

 

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Elizabeth I of Hungary

Elizabeth was the only daughter of Stephen, Duke of Slavonia, a younger son of the Hungarian king Charles I. Her mother was Margaret of Bavaria, and her only known sibling John, Duke of Slavonia (1354–1360). Elizabeth was regarded as heir presumptive to the throne of Hungary after the death of her brother, as her uncle Louis I had no children, she and her mother would have issues on the mess and conflicts that her uncle, Louis I have left behind and made a peace treaty with Bohemia.

A match between Wenceslaus and Elizabeth would be considered instead of with Charles as the peace between Bohemia and Hungary would be the priority of the two realms.

She would succeed as Queen of Hungary as Elizabeth I of Hungary on 1362 at ten years of Age and due to the issues between Bohemia and Hungary she would betrothed to Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia and she would be able to see her future groom on 1369 with his mother, Anna before she had died and she would have received Queen Anna very well and wrote letters to her.

She would be marrying Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia on 1375, she was 23 and he was fourteen years old the crowned as the Queen of the Romans as well.

Elizabeth of Hungary herself and the Bohemian crown would have good relations as the war between Hungary and Bohemia had already ended due to the betrothal and later marriage and she had good relations with Queen Anna of Swidnica, she would not entertain the advances of Charles IV to marry her himself after the older queen had died and upheld her betrothal with Wenceslaus.

Elizabeth I of Hungary would give birth to two sons, namely Ladislaus(1376) and Sigismund(1382), named after one of their ancestors and one a saint and a daughter named Maria(1378).

 

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The Unions and Silesia part 2

On the death of Casimir III and the rise of Casimir IV to the Polish throne saw the Glogow and Opole Dukes in Silesia leaving the Bohemians later also the Archbishops of Wroclaw would side with the Poles against the Bohemians which would strengthen further later by the marriage of Elizabeth of Bavaria, a niece of Casimir IV with the French King Charles IV which ruined the strength of the Bohemians under the junior Emperor Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia and Wenceslaus IV would have Hungary to worry about.

On the death of Emperor Charles IV, Wenceslaus of Bohemia would cede majority of Silesia on 1390 excluding his own inheritance of Swidnica due to the instability of Bohemia but also to prevent a skirmish with the Poles and prevent the Poles from allying with their enemy the Habsburgs and the rival dynasty of the Luxembourgs in Hungary, the Neapolitans.

 

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Marie of Blois

Marie married Louis I, son of John II of France, in 1360. Throughout their marriage his official titles increased, though he would never actually rule the Kingdom of Naples. After his death in 1384, most of the towns in Provence revolted against her son, Louis II. Marie pawned her valuables and raised an army.

She, her young son and the army went from town to town to gain support. In 1387 Louis II was formally recognized as Count in Aix-en-Provence. She then appealed to Charles VI of France to support her son in obtaining Naples. In 1390, Louis, supported by the pope and the French, set sail for Naples. Marie negotiated for a marriage between Louis and Maria of Hungary in order to make his claims better than the current rulers of Naples and Sicily.