the world of Anglo-American Rivalry in 1828. butterflies are becoming a bit more apparent now: the borders of the US, Mexico, and Canada are virtually the same as before (the only notable difference being the cession of part of Mexico to become western Louisiana) and will be staying that way for a while. throughout the Americas, former colonial states are gaining independence: only Bolivia and Chile are still under de jure Spanish control, whereas Argentina, Gran Colombia, Brazil, and Peru have all gained independence from Europe, and Paraguay and Uruguay from Brazil/Argentina. colonial influence is growing in Africa and Asia, with the Ottomans exerting their influence in North Africa, the Portuguese in the central regions, and the British in South Africa; virtually the entire Indian Subcontinent is now British, and the Dutch are coming to power in Indonesia. bits and pieces of others states have been gained and lost, such as Qing China, which has lost a few unimportant regions along its southern borders to Indochinese states, and Japan has gained the Ryukyus. Oceania is also coming more under British control, with the official borders of the Swan River and New South Wales colonies in Australia being established, Van Dieman's Land coming under British administration as more than a penal colony, and New Zealand becoming part of New South Wales. non-colonial Africa has changed a bit, but not by much. Europe has been pretty much unchanged since 1816.