Map Thread VIII

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GodRaimundo

Just thought I'd cross-post my MOF entry before I hit the hay.

**********

Basically, the Central Powers win WW1, as the Schlieffen plan is carried out as originally planned, smashing the Allies at the Marne, leading to a quick French capitulation. Suddenly faced by a much larger force than they had expected, the Russians sue for peace despite minor successes against the Austrians in Galicia.

With their crushing defeat and the harsh peace imposed upon them by Germany, many in France begin to lose faith in central authority. Several successive weak governments did nothing to help the situation, sitting on the fence. This left them vulnerable to fire from both sides of the political spectrum, and by the mid twenties, public faith in the government had almost completely disintegrated. Seeing an opportunity, the radical right wing, known as the National Front, staged a coup d'état. Unfortunately, their suport was not as widespread as they had hoped, and they were fiercely resisted by the left. Army units loyal to the National Front eventually secured Paris and the North-east of the country, but were unable to subdue the Socialist militias in the west and south. In these areas, the People's Republics of Brittany and Aquitaine, and the Popular Republic of Occitania in the south.

France was not the only nation to suffer weak governments in the wake of the war. Spain and Italy also suffered a series of weak governments and civil wars similar to France. In spain, this resulted in two small socialist republics in the north: the Catalonian People's Republic and the Euskadi Socialist Republic, while in Italy, the Socialists came out on top, seizing the entire north of the country down to Rome, establishing the Italian Popular Republic.

As the twenties wore on, the nationalist governments of France, Spain, Naples, and Portugal, fearing further socialist uprisings within their remaining territories, became increasingly intolerant police states, focussing more and more on their militaries and neglecting their economies.

In the face of this threat, the socialist republics began integrating more and more, culminating in the 1929 Treaty of Narbonne, bringing the Union of Socialist European Republics (USER) into existence.

At the beginning of the thirties, the strains on the nationalist governments were starting to show; rising uunemployment, increasing unrest, and stagnant economies were taking their toll. The nderground socialist movements found fertile recriuting ground in the unemployed. They were also covertly approached by USER agents, offering weapons and funding. In 1932, the French socialist underground decided that the time was right to rise, and called strikes across the nation, paralyzing the government forces, and allowing their coup to proceed without much of a fight, as the demoralized and separated government forces generally surrendered without resistance.

The underground movements in Spain, Portugal, and Naples all followed suit within the next three years, and the new governments applied for membership of USER.

Meanwhile, Austria-Hungary was slowly falling apart. In 1928, Hungary declared it's independence, and a 'transitional' military government was set in place. In 1930, with no sign of democratic elections on the horizon, Hungary also fell into civil war. Galicia seized it's independence, but the military managed to hold down the rest of the nation.

The war had adverse effects to the south too. In the Balkan War that followed, Macedon broke away from Serbia, and Moldavia split off from Romania. Beginnning in 1932, a wave of socialist revolutions broke over the peninsula, culminnating in the overthrow of the governments of Montenegro, Serbia, Macedon, and Romania. By 1938, the new governments had also joined the USER. However, the Balkans were still a fairly unstable area, and the USER was increasingly drawn into conflicts in the region. This intervention finally led to the Balkan Occupation in 1940, in which the USER invaded and occupied all of the Balkans from Greece and Istanbul to Moldavia and Hungary's southern border. In the occupied territories, they set up provisional military governments as a first step to integrating them intto the USER as full socialist states.

Over the fourties, the German Empire, once the all-powerful behemoth dominating the continent, was suffering industrial unrest which was growing more and more organised, recieving covert aid from the USER, which was doing the same for national socialist revolutionaries in Hungary. The fifties would mark the beginning of a new era in Europe...

USER3.png
 

Chairwoman Roxelana

I thought up this crazy idea on the bus one afternoon, an ASB Corporation world where IKEA and the Turkish Government merged into a new Ottoman Empire.

Slight Dystopia added for Jazz.

Ikea.png
 

B_Munro

Nice, GodRaimundo. It's good to see this contest getting some early action.

Ok, cross-posted from my ASB scenario thread, Faeelin decided to do a "done right" TL-191, and I did a map...

Faeelin's scenario:

Presenting.... TL 191 done right!


It was supposed to be the war to end all wars, and when the guns fell silent after the end of the Weltkrieg, for a period of 4 months it seemed like it might be so. But now thirty years later, China, the USA, Britain, and Russia must ally against the fascists in Berlin and Tokyo. If they don't kill each other first. Fortunately, President Flora Hamburger is ready and willing to show the Kaiser why you don't piss off a Jew from the East Side.

The world diverged with a Confederate victory at Antietam, but consequences soon rapidly diverged. America's defeat was viewed by the British Upper Class as a victory for the foes of democracy and liberalism, and Britain's descent into an authoritarian, paternalistic state soon began. With its economic nationalism and desire to maintain the balance of power, warm relations with the Confederacy ultimately blossomed into an alliance and military ties, although trade (and investment) continued to flow between the USA and UK. America turned to the Kaiserreich for an alliance, and the rest, they say, is history. American industrialization continued; the USA, with a stronger banking system (the panic of 1862 led to an earlier Federal Reserve, in the form of the 3rd Bank of the United States) prospered without Dixieland.

But the CSA also developed into a pretty nice place to live, if you were a certain sort of person. As William Faulkner would reflect, "the citizen of New Orleans could order by telephone, sipping his morning coffee, the products of the whole Earth, and expect delivery upon his doorstep. He could adventure his wealth in the resources of any enterprise in any quarter of the world. He dressed in fine fabrics from Raleigh or Paris, drove a Vauxhall, and envied no man." And when you read his words, and realize who he does not consider a citizen, you realize the rotting fruit that would cause the Confederacy's collapse.

The pipelines that carried oil for the citizen's Vauxhall was laid by black labor. The coffee from Cuba that the citizen drinks was harvested with black labor. The cotton for his clothing was picked with black labor. The true extent of black labor in the south is not apparent to the typical European; but they are there, ever present and ever repressed. And then of course there is prison labor, which maintains the Confederacy's excellent roads and parks. Although free, their labor was still bought and sold by contractors, and contracted out as needed. Although it was not illegal to be literate, there was no public school for blacks in all of the south. To travel, needed a passbook, and being in certain buildings, or even be on certain streets, blacks needed passbooks. Not having one, was a sure way to be arrested; and from there, it was a short step to being one more of the prison laborers who keep the Confederacy's paved roads so clean.

The blacks of Dixieland were a people in bondage; and they found their prophet in Marx and Lincoln. And thus, when the Great War Came, the Confederacy's fate was sealed before the first shot was fired.


The War To End All Wars


If you were an idiot, the cause of the Great War was obvious. Perfidious Albion had allied with the Rebs to keep America down; the Damnyankees were bent on conquering the Confederacy once again, etc. The problem is that we now know that this is stupid. Far from being a planned and eager event, the extension of the Great War to North America was something the British were desperate at all costs to avoid. (Given the fate of the British Isles, who can blame them?)

Anglo-Union relations during this period were complex; The United States remained one of the biggest recipients of British investment [1] and trading partners. And, while the United States in 1862 was significantly weaker than the British, the United States of 1914 was actually stronger in many ways; with a larger, more modern industrial sector, a powerful navy, and, most ominously, a stranglehold on the British Isles food supply. [2] While President Roosevelt's military lacked the global reach of the British Empire, more than a few in Whitehall were unsure of why, exactly, they were allied to the Confederacy given the consequences. [3]

German-Union ties have also been greatly exagerrated. It is true that Von Schlieffen first conceived the Schlieffen Plan while a military attache during the second Mexican War, and it is true that the Union sent staff officers to Berlin to learn from the Reichsheer, but this does not mean the two were fixed friends and allies. After all, the Japanese also sent officers to Berlin to learn, and this did not prevent Japan from seizing Germany's Pacific Colonies. America and Germany were willing to conduct joint naval exercises, but beyond this? Germany did not envisage a war with Britain until it broke out. To imagine call Germany and the United States allied powers is, thus, absurd.

So how did war come to pass? The way it always does. Through a tragedy of errors. President Roosevelt was elected in 1912 on a policy of muscular nationalism, responding to Confederate provocations along the western border and on the Ohio River. [4] This entailed military buildups, and Vice President Du Bois, who for some reason was never invited to the Confederate embassy's balls. And this meant that the Confederacy responded with its own pissant gestures, like shooting some "marxists" from Yankeeland. (They were Marxist insurrectionaries, but the proper term in America is "Son of Liberty".)

Yet when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated and it became clear that Germany was going to go to war, Roosevelt's first action was to reiterate that the U.S. supported freedom of the seas, but would take no part in a purely European quarrel. This changed when Germany invaded Belgium. Before Congress, Roosevelt lamented the fate of Belgium, but declared that, " When giants are engaged in a death wrestle, as they reel to and fro they are certain to trample on whomever gets in the way. Germany would have faced disaster if she had not acted resolutely in Belgium. As Americans, we can look on at a war that is not our own and wish our friends in Europe a swift victory. But this is not our war."

Even if it wasn't Americans war, it was America's time to profit, and Roosevelt affirmed that the United States had the right to trade with hostile powers and upheld the freedom of the seas. Any blockade of belligerents or attacks on American shipping on the open seas would be an act of war. Ordering the United States Navy to sea on August 6, he made it clear that any hostile acts would be an act of war.

Enter President Wilson, President Wilson, a Confederate Whig who might have made an excellent professor and peacetime president. Wilson interpreted Roosvelt's actions as signs of Union preparation to intervene in the Great War on the side of Germany, and in a public declaration he warned that "the Confederacy stands by those who stood by us. Unless Roosevelt backs down, he shall find that the little nations will win yet another war." With the gauntlet thrown down, Roosevelt was unwilling to back off, and so the U.S. began to mobilize. And so the C.S. began to mobilize.

And the next thing you know, the dashing Confederate plan to invade on the same route they'd used fifty years ago crashed on heavy artillery and machine guns, while Union forces crossed into Canada. The Quebecois, whose protests stymied Canadian efforts at conscription, [5], opposed the declaration of war and walked out of the Parliament in Ottawa. In the south, the rebel plan of "attack, attack, attack" turned into a meatgrinder in Delaware. [5] Union artillery and numbers ensured that by the spring of 1915 most of Kentucky had fallen, and then things got worse.

Not all Confederate Negros were marxists, and they were governed by a police state whose brutality was rivaled only by its structural flaws because it assumed that Africans were idiots. Nevertheless, Negroes played a prominent role in the Confederate war effort, and Marxist Confederates had a dream. Not of a Negro Commune, as the Confederates feared. Something far, far worse.


The Reunited States of America

America's Negroes were influenced by the gospel of Marx and Lincoln; but they had their own thinkers as well across the Ohio and Potomac. Men like the Anarchsyndicalist Booker T. Washington, who grew up in a land where where the Constitution had been amended to assure their equality; where yellow papers had printed stories of Negro women drowning as they tried to cross the Ohio, to save themselves from a fate worse than death; where Negroes not only received the same right to education that all Americans did, but could attend the highest schools and be vice president or Congressional representatives. [6] And so the flag that rose over the black quarters of the Confederacy was not just the red flag, though that was present; it was the flag of the United States of America, with stars for every state lost to secession. [7]


Unfortunately, the Confederate counterrevolution had all the viciousness you'd expect from a race war, and while the Confederate front lines buckled, then collapsed under the strain, the USA found itself drawn into a morass of racial conflict and ethnic cleansing. By the end of 1916, United States troops wet their feet in the Gulf of Mexico for the first time in sixty years. But it would be Teddy Roosevelt who decided what to do about it. [8]

By the end of 1916, the situation for the Entente in Europe was desperate. The German victory in the Battle of Verdun let the Germans place Paris under their guns, while both French and British families went hungry due to the Anglo-American war. [9] Russia fared little better, as the Brusilov Offensive bogged down and left the Russians defending Riga from the German armies. The Central Powers were barely any better off; the Austrio-Hungarian army had been gutted by Brusilov, its people were eating potatoes and roof rabbit, and the Czechs were making ominous noises about autonomy and wondering what the Germans were doing everywhere. In Germany, 1916 was known as the "hunger winter" and and all of the parties were willing to listen to Roosevelt's calls for a peace conference in Philadelphia; the home of the only power to triumph unmistakably from the war. [10]

The Treaty of Philadelphia showed how the world had changed, as the nations of Europe came to America to discuss peace. Yet all of left vaguely unsatisfied. Germany gained control of a reforged kingdom of Poland, a United Duchy of the Baltic, and Belgium, but the British lost nothing, and Germany only gained the Congo by agreeing to refrain from territorial demands against France. Russia's diplomats soon received word that the Tsar had been overthrown and replaced with a Provisional government; and within a few weeks the Russian Revolution would begin. [11]

Still, after three years of war, the guns fell silent. Most of them. For now, Roosevelt turned to his greatest task: winning the peace, and turning Confederates into Americans.

The world would need every American it could get, to beat the dragons.


[2] One of the things that always bugged me was that someone in the admiralty wasn't looking down the barrel of a pistol at the thought of a German-American alliance during this period. I mean, really?
I actually don't know if the British Isles would have been able to feed themselves during the war, but I suspect that with the loss of America, the potential loss of Canada, and whatever raiders the US put to sea to threaten Argentine convoys, the potential would be. Um. Awful?

[3] Balance of power! And the reason we need this balance of power is because the USA is because...
I will say that any readers who want to wave tiny American flags can do so.

[4] Turtledove cast the USA as being very racist and angry at blacks for
their defeat, to the point that Robert Gould Shaw is an senile racist at the end. Yea. That's one way for it to go. Care to speculate on the more probable way the US would treat blacks that made it north after the war? Especially since there aren't likely to be that many of them?

[5]One of the things that always miffed me about the series was that the Confederates are ubermen, capable of defeating the better educated, more industrialized yankees. Because otherwise the series would suck. This scenario posits that it isn't happen

Anecdotal sources state that General Stuart II became a bit acerbic and depressed after observing the results of a 1906 wargame, complaining that

"We did this before, that's was so fucked up. I know the Yankees haven't had a competent general since a Virginian led them but let's not pretend they're that stupid." Stuart would grapple with bouts of depression that OTL readers might find analogous to those which gripped Moltke the Younger, if Moltke had had to deal with a Russia that was even more modernized than Germany.

[6] Okay, this only happens in New England. And in the United State of Santo Domingo.

[7] Plus Sonora and Cuba.

[8] Or as Teddy Roosevelt said when visiting Memphis in 1917, "Once upon a time, when a Virginian and a New Yorker called themselves Americans, it meant something. And so it shall again."
He was shot during the speech, and being Teddy fucking Roosevelt, finished it before receiving medical treatment. When asked why, he merely quipped, "What, did the Rebs think they're the only men in America?"

[9] The British relied on North America to provide about 50% of their calories in OTL's 1914. I don't see a way to replace that by just saying "Argentina! Brazil!"

[10] There was actually starvation in Belgium in 1914 ATL, as America was unable to send any aid to the continent.

[11] But it's not Brest-Litovsk. Get it? This was an incredibly unlikely series
of events and it's basically impossible to get the Soviet border created by that Treaty and get a German victory. Deal with it.
 

B_Munro

General_Finley said:
Why did Germany became fascist?
Click to expand...

Well, you can talk to Faeelin, but my impression was that like the Italians OTL, they won a costly and limited victory leaving a distinct sour taste, then things were badly disrupted by a *Great Depression, and then the Social Democrats refused to let the government intervene in a French revolution, Bang, right-wing coup. Presumeably there will be more details in the next post. As for Canada, President Teddy Roosevelt wanted to reunite the USA, not violently annex seperate nations like some sort of Colonialist British bastards. (As a puppet republic, Canada is a lot less of a pain than it would be if annexed: the Confederates are enough of a problem.)

Bruce
 

Marius

Saepe Fidelis said:
While doing a little reading on everyone's favourite ex-dictator, Muammar Gadafi (so satisfying to be able to type that) I decided that his 1974 offer to President Sadat for a union between Libya and Egypt was ripe for AH-ifying. Perhaps a little far-fetched, but here goes...

I therefore give to you the continent of Africa and the Middle East in 1996, the year before the Maghreb Spring which toppled Gaddafi and dissolved the Greater Maghreb Union. Basically, Sadat accepts Gaddafi's offer in 1974 but only so long as Egypt retains its armed forces and government as well as a separate legislature. Sadat intends to use Libya's oil wealth as well as the big pro-Nasserite points the Union would earn him to modernise Egypt's economy and reform its politics. However, he'd underestimated Gaddafi who pursued his own wacky policies in the 1970s and eventually Sadat was assassinated by an Jewish fundamentalist who blamed Sadat for Israel's loss of the Sinai.

the GMU is a huge power broker, yet Gaddafi still has relatively little influence in Egypt despite being Commander in Chief of the Armed forces-the Egyptian military establishment still don't trust him, and with good cause. However, Egypt's backing let him winthe 1984 Chad War as well as the annexation of Darfur, which led to the break up of Sudan in the early 1990s. Despite Omar al Bashir's numerous appeals to join the GNU, Egypt consistently vetoes him; they've got enough insane dictators for now.

On another note, Ethiopia keeps itself somewhat together through a careful mixture of communist ideology, state expenditure on rural improvements and finally a good dose of naked force, especially in Ogaden. When Somalia collapsed completely in 1991, Ethiopian tanks moved in and secured most of the South to guard law and order. In response, the USA recognised Somaliland and Puntland (which continues to call itself the Somali Republic in a gesture even more pitiful than Taiwan) as two states which it feels will counter Communist influence in the Horn of Africa. After the fall of the USSR, Ethiopia has secured its lines of foreign cerdit from South Africa, Cuba, China and the GNU.

Following on from the GNU, Zimbabwean Prime Minister Robert Mugabe proposed a union with Zambia in 1976. Zambian President Kaunda, pressured by Gaddafi (a huge investor in Zambia/a reliable source of cash) accepted the proposal; Robert Mugabe became PM and he remained President; the two countries retained their own legislatures and judiciaries, although they possess a joint Supreme Court. Zambia is more fretful about Mugabe than Egypt is about Gaddafi because, although Mugabe is *slightly* less insane, Zambia does not have the massive demographic advantage that Egypt possesses vis a vis Libya. Despite Mugabe's recent toning-down of anti-white rhetoric, South Africa is still afraid of him and so has kept hold of Namibia, which it continues to possess after the fall of apartheid in 1994.

Getting to Africa's shame, the United Republic of Congo. What more can you say other than you know a country's screwed when Rwanda has taken over most of it virtually unopposed. Split between Ugandan and Rwandan-backed militias, the Kinshasa government only controls the westernmost edge of the country, and even then only with massive French and Belgian aid. There's also the FNLA cross-border insurgency in the south which has bled out from Angola, another hell-hole only slightly less horrific and much more arid than the URC.

To finally get to the Middle East. Sadat lives longer, murdered in 1986. In this time he uses his diplomatic clout to broker a peace with Israel; Egypt takes the Gaza Strip and demilitarized the Sinai Desert while Jordan takes the West Bank and demilitarizes the West bank of the Jordan as well as denying right of return to Palestinian refugees (which pisses off a lot of people, not least the Palestinians). With some sort of peace in the Middle East brokered, America realises that the big evil there Soviet-backed Iran and so it backs Iraq to the hilt throughout the 1980s. The Iran-Iraq War ends with Iraq using American-made weaponry against hordes of unarmed Iranian teenagers. Khuzestan is annexed to Iraq (along with its oilfields) and the theocracy comes within a hair of being toppled. Saddam Hussein is triumphant and invades Kuwait in 1989. He does so with the implicit consent of the USA who are starting to see the Saudis as more trouble than they're worth. Meanwhile, the Lebanese Civil War is only ended when Syria topples the government and removes the Confessional democracy. Instead, seats are allocated more proportionately which gives the Shia a majority in parliament. Beirut is still host to Syrian tanks.

Finally, the map...
Click to expand...

Well, Robert Mugabe only took over Zimbabwe in 1980, so you will have to explain how the unification pf Libya and Egypt in 1974, accelerated the collapse of white rule in Rhodesia. Also, speaking of Mugabe's anti-white rhetoric is also perhaps wrong, he only started that nonsense in the late 1990s.

And why would South Africa keep Namibia?
 

Saepe Fidelis

Marius said:
Well, Robert Mugabe only took over Zimbabwe in 1980, so you will have to explain how the unification pf Libya and Egypt in 1974, accelerated the collapse of white rule in Rhodesia. Also, speaking of Mugabe's anti-white rhetoric is also perhaps wrong, he only started that nonsense in the late 1990s.

And why would South Africa keep Namibia?
Click to expand...

Mugabe became President in 1980 but he was PM before that and a dominant political figure. Although yes I suppose you're right, Gaddafi would eb giving him a lot of backing.

South Africa keeps Namibia because they're afraid that Mugabe would turn it into a puppet; despite his somewhat more moderated tone ITTL he's still pretty scary. It remains integrated after the fall of apartheid because the white population of Namibia are the most urbanised and therefore those most able to vote (the black Namibians aren't officially discriminated against but...their voter turnout is very low, if you know what I mean) and voted to remain united.

Thanks for the feedback, I know it was a little far fetched but hopefully interesting scenario
 

Sumeragi

Banned
From MotF 45

Union of Asian Socialist Republics


The stalemate of the Battle of Mukden, where most of the Japanese land forces were decimated and the Russians too bloodied to fight further, led to the end of the war in Japan's favor after the battle of Tsushima. However, the large death count led many to question the motives of the Japanese government, leading to the birth of a socialist movement. In addition, the imperialist actions of the Empire alienated many more people, towards the path to Pan-Asianism.

Sun Yat-sen conversion to socialism was another spark leading to the formation of the Union of Asian Socialist Republics. While Sun did not abandon his Three Principles of the People, he place a great focus on the socialist aspect of Minsheng, bringing the support of the Chinese Communist Parties into the fold. The threatening left/right-wing conflicts of the Nationalists was concluded with left-wing supremacy during the life of Sun, which Chiang Kai-shek fought bitterly when he came to power. This socialist aspect of the Three Principles survived the annex which Chiang supplied to the Principle of Minsheng, becoming the bonding force between the Communists and the left-wing Nationalists.

The imperialist participation of Japan in the Great War heightened the socialist support in Japan, and when the Siberian Intervention continued to drain blood and riches, the people had had enough. Riots throughout the country turned into a revolution, in which the Japanese Communist Party was able to gain the reins of government. The Emperor was spared into quiet retirement, for he was still considered the symbol of the nation and an unfortunate man who was manipulated by the evil imperialists who had surrounded him. The murder of the Tsar and his family shocked many in Japan, making the nation distance itself from the Bolshevik. At the same time, the Far Eastern Republic was overturned, where a Menshevik government was installed, who joined the Japanese in establishing the Union of Asian Socialist Republics, comprised of Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and FER.

The 1920's was an age of development for the UASR. Becoming the light for the oppressed colonies of Asia, the Union preached Pan-Asianism, anti-Bolshevik, anti-colonialism, and anti-fascism. The member republics developed industries, of which the FER provided resources, Japan the capital and labor, and Korea the energy and chemicals. In 1931, the Manchurian Incident allowed the UASR to establish the Manchurian Socialist Republic. While becoming a major power, the Union was forced into war with Chiang's China when a shootout in Beijing started after some Nationalist forces lynched a Chinese Communist Party member at Lugou Bridge, resulting in the unauthorized invasion of of UASR-held Beijing. The Union declared total war on the "Fascist Regime of the Reactionary Chiang Kai-Shek", starting the Great Asian Liberation War. The USSR used the war as an opening to harass the FER.

1941 was the year that the entire world became engulfed in hell. Germany launched in invasion of the Soviet Union, which the UASR used to their advantage in occupying eastern Siberia after war was declared. In addition, the embargo set by Pro-Chiang USA also led to an attack on Pearl Harbor, bringing the entire world into conflict. Now the is split into three sides: The Allies, the Axis, and the Asian Socialists. With support from the oppressed colonial people of Asia, the Union has started its march to liberate their comrads of the continent, and to bring down the Stalinists, the fascists, and the imperialists.


Current time: 1942

UASRmap.PNG
 

Faeelin

Banned
Thande said:
Is Britain becoming the FWR a deliberate shout-out to EdT's "Fight and Be Right"?
Click to expand...

Yep. And Song Qingling leads the Kuomintang in China, while Gustav Stresemann's assassination in 1932 led to the beginning of the end for German civil society.

I wonder how many other AH tropes can I fit in there?
 

Faeelin

Banned
General_Finley said:
Why did Germany became fascist?
Click to expand...

B_Munro hit it pretty well. The 1920s were the golden age for German democracy, but the rising tend towards nationalism, but in some ways the economy was still riven by class conflict. A German officer corps that had managed the nation during the "Silent Dictatorship" saw German hegemony slipping away (especially as Socialist Russia boomed and seemed no worse for the loss of Poland).

When France went red, things got worse.
 
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