Orange Tempest

From The Rise and Fall of the Baghdadid Caliphate, by Lolo Long, and Sword of Jesus: The Rise of Christian Extremism in the United States, by Edith Janko:

…The 11 July 2015 Yorba Linda bombing made the Caliphate suddenly aware of the existence of the Crusade of God, an organization the existence of which they had not previously been aware of. The immediate reaction in the upper echelons of the Caliphate was of shock and anger that an organization with an ideology diametrically opposed to theirs had managed to create nearly as much damage and disruption and garner just as much attention as all the Caliphate’s efforts in North America thus far, despite both being considerably smaller than the Caliphate and being destined, in the Caliphate’s eyes, to burn in hell for all eternity…

...Baghdadi resolved almost immediately to crush this group of “infidel idol-worshippers born of the Devil’s loins”, as he called them (though in Arabic, of course, not English), and examination of captured accounting and inventory rolls show that large numbers of fighters and a considerable quantity of weaponry (mostly small arms and unarmed explosives but also containing scattered examples of heavier weapons) were transferred into the United States through the late summer of 2015…

…The Crusade, meanwhile, was enduring a heavy crackdown by U.S., Canadian, and Mexican police; the police departments involved in the Battle of East L.A. (the police nickname for local law enforcement’s attempts to engage the Crusaders fleeing after the Yorba Linda bombing despite bringing insufficient force to bear, resulting in the deaths of 32 police officers and 6 Border Patrol agents; the fugitives managed to escape into Mexico before being finally hunted down and killed by units of the Mexican Army) had been subjected to a thorough housecleaning as a result of their botching of the whole affair, and were now becoming considerably more effective in their engagements with Crusader cells, while even departments uninvolved in the fiasco took notice and set to work making sure none of their men would be massacred in such a way. Five cells were raided and destroyed in the month following the Yorba Linda bombing, one of them (this one in Tacoma, Washington) while attempting to carry out its own attack (a neighbor observed them loading explosives into a truck and gave the license plate number to police, allowing them to corner it on the highway and open fire from a distance, resulting in the deaths of the perpetrators and the disarming of the bomb, while the rest of the cell was taken into custody soon afterwards). Another Crusader bomb, in San Francisco, was disarmed before it could detonate. While two successful attacks did occur in late July and early August (a strip club in Covington, Kentucky was attacked by two masked men who forced their way in and then machine-gunned the employees and patrons, and a Planned Parenthood clinic in Brainerd, Minnesota was bombed by a woman who left a handbag in the reception area stuffed to the gills with gelignite), police departments around the country believed that they were putting the squeeze to the Crusade and sending them scurrying for cover - and they were right about this, given that on 22 August, leader Patrick Mellitone ordered the remaining attack cells to go to ground…

…Baghdadi did not know and could not possibly have known about Mellitone’s dormancy order, and even if he had, he would still undoubtedly have pressed the attack, given the complete and utter incompatibility of their ideology with his own. It did pose problems for the Caliphate’s North American units, however, as though his forces did not know about the dormancy order, they could hardly have not noticed that the Crusader cells were quite hard to crack open. Had they been working with the American police, they would have known about the latter’s correct inferences that Mellitone had issued some kind of order to go to ground, but this obviously did not take place, and, therefore, as the Caliphate had not switched over from moving men into the continent wholesale to actually finding and targeting the cells until after the dormancy order was issued, they knew only that they would have to rely on what was already out there in order to find the Crusader cells…

…Had the Caliphate not counted among its ranks more than a few experienced software engineers and skilled crackers, they might never have successfully attacked the Crusade whilst it still remained dormant, but as it was, on 15 September, they pinpointed the location of the Tampa Bay cell of the Crusade, and sent two attack teams into the area to prepare to strike…

...On the last day of September, the Caliphate’s men were in place and ready, and communicated this fact directly to Baghdadi via pirate shortwave radio on an unused channel. He responded quickly and simply: “Aldhhab” (“Go”). The next day, after a quick breakfast and presumably morning prayers, the two teams rendezvoused, proceeded to outside the rented house where the Crusader cell had their base, and kicked in the door. The battle was short, brutal, and one-sided; in under three minutes, eight of the ten Crusaders, caught completely by surprise and several still eating breakfast, had been shot dead by the eighteen Caliphate men. Only two Crusaders had even had time to attempt to fight back; they had been exercising in the basement, and ran to the guns stashed underneath the basement stairway. By the time they had grabbed weapons, Caliphate men were already at the top of the stairwell, and they shot one of the two dead as he attempted to load. The other grabbed three magazines and clicked one into his rifle as he ran for cover, and actually succeeded in getting off a few shots, one of which hit and wounded a Caliphate fighter. Unfortunately, his choice of cover turned out to be the house’s furnace, and within seconds a Caliphate bullet ripped open a stem line and parboiled the Crusader in scalding-hot steam. After pumping a few bullets into his corpse just to make sure, the fighters withdrew, taking the two remaining Crusaders with them as hostages, and none too soon, either; under a minute after they fled out the back door, the police turned up in front, sirens wailing, only to find a house filled with corpses…

...Late that night, the Tampa fire department responded to a report of a vacant building burning; by the time they got there, it was fully engulfed. Vacant buildings are not typically given as much attention by fire crews as occupied buildings, due to their usual lack of people inside in need of rescue, but when they picked through the wreckage of the burnt-out building on the morning of 2 October, they found, to their horror, two charred corpses in fairly close proximity. Examination of dental records would eventually prove their identity beyond any doubt, but long before then, a videotape was delivered anonymously to CNN, who showed it in a special breaking-news segment; it showed the masked Caliphate fighters taunting the Crusade of God and physically and verbally abusing their two Crusader hostages before dousing them both in gasoline and setting them alight…

…Mellitone was enraged, and immediately issued new orders which in essence declared an open season on the Caliphate. Soon, a Crusader cell attacked Caliphate fighters in Richmond, giving them something of a taste of their own medicine when they shot down all but one of them, castrating the last Caliphate fighter and cutting his throat before stuffing his genitalia into his mouth, taking a picture of the corpse, and mailing it to ABC with the words Bow before the wrath of God, Caliphate heathens scrawled across the top in red Sharpie…

…From this point onwards, the conflict took on the character of your typical gang war, and its newfound overtness made it that much easier for the police to track down and eliminate both sides’ cells, though it remained quite tricky in absolute terms. Nevertheless, by May 2016, Mellitone was caught between a rock and a hard place; if he continued to fight, the Crusade would be whittled down to nothing before very long, especially since recruitment had all but stopped once the police were onto them (although several attacks by sympathizers of the Crusade did occur, these copycats were not under Mellitone’s control and as such could not be relied on to play the parts he would have needed them to play in his grand strategy; only one of these sympathizer cells had actually managed to establish contact with him and integrate into the Crusader command structure, a far cry from the numbers he was losing in the ongoing fight), but if he went to ground again, he ran the risk of his cells still being found and destroyed by the Caliphate, who knew their approximate locations by now and would have much less trouble finding them than they had had originally. After some hard thinking, he finally came up with a third option: the cells would cease attacks, but instead of simply going to ground and retreating into their shells, they would uproot en masse and migrate to areas where the Caliphate was thin on the ground. Only then would attacks resume. The plan worked, and both the police and the Caliphate suddenly ran into much more trouble trying to find the cells…

…After three months of silence, Mellitone cautiously gave three of the remaining 32 cells the order to reactivate. One was in Toronto and left a backpack bomb on a busy street corner downtown, killling 5 and wounding 58, one had relocated to Sinaloa in Mexico and become integrated with the drug cartels there (they would eventually take over the Sinaloa drug trade from the inside) and as such did not respond to Mellitone’s orders, and the third had transplanted itself to London. The last of these would become more infamous by far than either of the other two, for on 30 July 2016, they crashed a truck bomb through the roadblocks protecting the U.S. Embassy and detonated it, heavily damaging the front of the Embassy and killing 32 people immediately. The death toll was soon to grow immensely, as over six hundred British civilians in the surrounding area sickened and died over the coming days, bringing the final death toll to 685. Strangely, only two of the people staffing the embassy itself succumbed to the illness, both of them having weakened immune systems (one of them was infected with the HIV virus, while the other was taking immunosuppressants to prevent the rejection of a kidney transplant). The cause of the mysterious illness was finally identified in mid-August, when samples of the victims’ lung tissue, as well as samples taken from the scene itself, tested positive for the extremely potent toxin ricin, found in the pulp of castor beans; the reason why only two embassy personnel had died from it, as compared to over six hundred Britons, was that the United States had instituted mandatory vaccination against ricin and the related abrin three years prior, as required by the Lynch-Baca-Wilson Act, as soon as the first safe and effective vaccines against them finished Phase III clinical trials, and Acambis’s ricin vaccine, trade name Ricinix, proved extremely effective indeed...
 
And the Caliphate and Crusaders kill each other off, while the authorities (largely) sit back and watch...

I knew that wouldn't end well.
 
Forgot to reply to this one from earlier:

My idea for Igor going worse: have the hurricane go west of Boston, and all that fallout from the Pilgrim meltdown spreads to the northeastern United States and Canadian shores.

Basically, your reply in this post: https://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showpost.php?p=9843307&postcount=133.

Or, better yet, have it land in New York City.

The death toll from that will top Galveston in 1900.

Igor's death toll ITTL was already greater than that of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. As well as that of the Great Hurricane of 1780, the deadliest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic basin IOTL (and until 2010 ITTL). As a matter of fact, it's well over TWICE as high as the Great Hurricane's death toll.

And the Caliphate and Crusaders kill each other off, while the authorities (largely) sit back and watch...

I knew that wouldn't end well.

Don't worry, you haven't seen the last of either of them...;):cool::eek:
 
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That was dumb on the Caliphate's part, verging on "fucking retarded". Baghdadi's priority should be to dissuade western governments from interfering with his not-so-little fiefdom (via terrorism), instead of picking fights with the one candidate that could distract the US government from the Caliphate.

Marc A
 
Nice work!

Some questions:
How's the economy doing? And what's going on with some of the politico-economic issues?

Does the new leftyish court do an about face on Citizens United? Or maybe the climate is right for the move to amend minded folks to get more traction?

What happened with Wisconsin's labor protests in late winter and early spring of 2011 and the fallout from that? Please tell me Scott Walker actually lost the recall ITTL!

And will we see the "Fight for $15" and other income inequality related issues come up?

How has the way TTL's "Arab Spring" impacted protests like OWS (which OTL was strongly influenced by the Arab Spring and Wisconsin)? Has OWS been completely butterflied away, diminished, coopted in the leftward swing, or something else? I could see certain lefty groups taking a page from the Crusaders and Caliphate...

Did the weather do away with the protests in the UK in late 2010/early 2011?

Similarly, what happened in Spain and Greece?

Moving up a bit timewise, how did Euromaiden turn out in the Ukraine, assuming it happened? And how will Russia deal with it sans Putin?

And what's going on in China?
 
Nice work!

Some questions:
How's the economy doing?

As of 1 January 2016? It's still recovering from Igor and the preexisting economic clusterfuck, although there haven't been any tent cities left in the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada for quite a while and a good deal of continued economic stimulus spending is helping move things along.

And what's going on with some of the politico-economic issues?

Such as? I'm not quite sure what you're referring to there...

Does the new leftyish court do an about face on Citizens United? Or maybe the climate is right for the move to amend minded folks to get more traction?

The issue has not made its way back up to the Supreme Court just yet...

What happened with Wisconsin's labor protests in late winter and early spring of 2011 and the fallout from that? Please tell me Scott Walker actually lost the recall ITTL!

GVNR.
Tom Barrett (D): 1,322,580v
Scott Walker (R): 1,175,056v

LT. GVNR.
Mahlon Mitchell (D): 1,304,753v
Rebecca Kleefisch (R): 1,038,367v

And will we see the "Fight for $15" and other income inequality related issues come up?

Yes, eventually.

How has the way TTL's "Arab Spring" impacted protests like OWS (which OTL was strongly influenced by the Arab Spring and Wisconsin)? Has OWS been completely butterflied away, diminished, coopted in the leftward swing, or something else? I could see certain lefty groups taking a page from the Crusaders and Caliphate...

Correct answer bolded.

Did the weather do away with the protests in the UK in late 2010/early 2011?

Similarly, what happened in Spain and Greece?

Not knowledgeable about those to say with confidence one way or the other.

Moving up a bit timewise, how did Euromaiden turn out in the Ukraine, assuming it happened? And how will Russia deal with it sans Putin?

The Ukraine is a member of the European Union (since August 2015), Yanukovych having been toppled by Parliament 371-76 in June 2013.

Russia is taking a nap.

And what's going on in China?

Insufficient knowledge to say.
 
From The Korean War, by Harold Mallorie:

…The first serious threat in decades to the 1953 Korean armistice (if one discounts the fairly regular clashes around the Northern Limit Line, which are considered by most to have been mere saber-rattling and not a serious threat of renewed war) is generally considered to have been the 12 February 2011 coup d’état which dethroned Kim Jong-il and ended with his execution along with those of his son Kim Jong-un and most of the Presidium; however, the threat of war subsided when the generals carrying out the coup agreed to vest their power in a twenty-member National Military Council…

…Although famine remained a fact of North Korean life, at least now the country was no longer under the mismanagement of the Kim dynasty, and the generals did their best to ensure the optimal distribution of what food there was in the country; knowing also that North Korea’s internal food supply would not be sufficient, they extended feelers to the country’s two neighbors, South Korea and China. Both countries provided substantial food and agricultural aid for North Korea, with the result that the country was, from 2011 onwards, finally able to provide adequate food for its citizens for the first time since 1994; one of the most visible effects of the resumption of a reasonably healthy food supply has been rapid increases in the growth rates of North Korean children born in the 2010s and onward relative to those born earlier, as their physical parameters jump upwards from their malnutrition-stunted values of the 1990s and 2000s towards what is considered normal for children of their age and genetic makeup…

…Another aspect of the National Military Council period was the gradual opening up of North Korean society, with the country’s detention camps being slowly phased out and jamming of South Korean radio and television stations being turned off in October 2011. This appears to have been part of a concerted strategy to court reunification with the South, with the new North Korean regime doing what it could to ease the process of transition from the poverty-stricken dictatorial rule experienced under the Kims to the democracy and relative plenty enjoyed by the citizens of South Korea. Not all of the generals were sold on reunification, however, and although the three oldest members of the Council went a long way towards keeping the remaining skeptics (several of whom turned out later to be closet Juche loyalists) in line, they wouldn’t live forever, and even in the best-case scenario reunification would take a considerable period of time…

…Bilateral talks reopened in August 2011, quickly hammering out a list of major and minor issues where the two Koreas differed and which had the potential to become stumbling blocks on the road to reunification. Topmost on the list were issues of personal, political, and economic freedom, followed closely by agricultural and infrastructural improvements. Personal freedom was by far the easiest improvement to implement, with the closing of the detention camps and the end of restrictions on freedoms of speech, the press, religion, assembly, petition, movement, and association; arbitrary arrests came to a stop (this required some cleaning of house within North Korean law enforcement) and political prisoners were released, with the remaining prisoners being guaranteed retrials before a fair court…

…Political freedom came more slowly, but after an initial period of difficulty the first-ever free elections in North Korea, in November 2012, resulted in a massive collapse in the parties making up the Fatherland Front, with only a few deputies holding on to their seats; in its place came a Supreme People’s Assembly composed largely of independents but also with a few substantial parties desiring democracy, reunification, or most commonly both…

…Economic freedom could have been one of the biggest stumbling blocks on the road to reunification, requiring the tearing down of North Korea’s central command-style economy and its wholesale replacement with a free market; fortunately, North Korea already had a substantial black market, and this, together with northward extensions of the preexisting South Korean economy, formed the nucleus of a market economy in the North…

…It is impossible to know precisely what would have happened had the Supreme Military Council been able to fully implement its planned infrastructural and agricultural improvements; it is possible that the skyrocketing North Korean standard of living would have wooed even the remaining skeptics over to the side of reunification, but it is just as likely that the skeptics, fearful of losing even what power they still held through the Council in the event of reunification, and also including several closeted hardliners who had turned their coats in February 2011 to save their own necks, would have been galvanized to do anything and everything necessary to stop the tide…

…Given the rifts in the Council, it becomes somewhat surprising that it lasted as long as it did; after all, the only thing bridging these rifts was the trio of the oldest, wisest generals, and they wouldn’t be around forever. The first (and oldest) of them died in his sleep in March 2013, followed by the second of the trio in July 2014. The last of the three wise men desperately tried to hold the Council together, but he was in over his head with the immensity of the task, which had taken three to fully succeed…

…On 30 October 2014, they made their move. Four of the seven skeptics in the Supreme Military Council banded together to lead their factions of the Korean People’s Army in an attempt to place themselves, and only themselves, in power. Had a fifth general, who was party to the scheme but became disillusioned upon seeing the predictions of what could be in the North’s future if reunification took place, not warned the rest of the Council, the coup plotters may well have succeeded. As it was, a running battle engulfed Pyongyang, with loyal army units holding the center of the city while the rebel army besieged them…

…The most immediately worrying aspect of the developing civil war was the status of North Korea’s stockpile of nuclear weapons, which had the potential to decide the war for either side and pose a potentially very serious threat to the other countries in the area. Both the United States and China made preparations for special-forces raids to secure the North Korean stockpile and prevent either side from using it, but these were rendered obsolete on 18 November, when seven nuclear detonations occurred in rapid succession in western North Korea, followed quickly by two more in and around the eastern city of Hamhung; mere hours later, as Chinese troops crossed the Yalu and Tumen rivers, a nuclear explosion obliterated the northeastern coastal city of Chongjin. In chronological order, the locations of the detonations were as follows: western Kaesong, northern Kaesong (a rebel attempt to break the Council lines and the Council’s retaliation, respectively), western Kaesong again (the Council forces simultaneously sealing the breach in their lines and vaporizing the rebel spearhead forcing its way through said breach), Pyongyang’s southwestern suburbs (the Council breaking its siege by rebel forces), approximately halfway between Sunchon and Pyongsong (Council tactical use), northern Sariwon (a rebel attempt to break through and seize the city, though it fell short, doing approximately equal damage to both sides), just north of Hwangju (Council tactical use allowing them to cut off the Hwangju-Sariwon salient), central Hamhung (a rebel booby trap left hidden in the city as rebel forces evacuated and then detonated once Council forces had occupied Hamhung), central Hungnam (the Council’s revenge), and Chongjin harbor (a rebel weapon loaded onto a boat and sailed into the harbor as a final gesture against the Council). In place of special-forces raids, U.S., Chinese, and South Korean forces attacked into North Korea, the U.S. and South Korean forces being aided by pro-Council border guards who showed them safe paths through the minefields and spring guns of the Korean Demilitarized Zone; despite what many had feared, no nuclear weapons were used against the incoming forces by either side, both the rebels and the Council having exhausted their stockpiles…

…On 25 November, Chinese and U.S.-South Korean forces met at Unsan, and North Korea was divided into occupation zones: a Chinese zone in the northern half of the country, and a U.S.-South Korean zone in the south. The ultimate disposition of forces proved a rather thorny issue to settle, but eventually an agreement was worked out whereby Chinese forces would be gradually withdrawn north to the Yalu and Tumen rivers as U.S. forces simultaneously left the portions of North Korea north of the 38th parallel north. The agreement worked essentially as planned, with U.S. forces handing over the Pyongyang area to Korean military control (becoming civil control three months later) in June 2015 and Chinese forces simultaneously handing over the southeastern coastal area of their occupation zone to Korean authority…

…The last U.S. and Chinese forces left North Korea in January 2017, with U.S. forces handing over Changyon, Sinchon, and Haeju to Korean civil authority and Chinese forces simultaneously vacating the Sinuiju area, at which point Korea became one country again for the first time since the Japanese annexation of the Korean Empire in August 1910…
 
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Without North Korea, the US loses almost all reason to station troops in South Korea. Gotta wonder if popular sentiment in-country will force Park Geun-hye to get tough and ask USFK to get out.

Marc A
 
Without North Korea, the US loses almost all reason to station troops in South Korea. Gotta wonder if popular sentiment in-country will force Park Geun-hye to get tough and ask USFK to get out.

Marc A

That should probably get covered in a later update. And speaking of updates, I should have one up by the end of this week - keep your fingers crossed!
 
It's Alive!

Yes, 'tis. Sorry about the big gap, I had an update most of the way complete (dealing with the state of public transportation ITTL) then decided it would do better as a spinoff Igorverse project, so I had to start from scratch and write an entirely new update for Orange Tempest itself. Fortunately, said update is now very close to done!:D:cool:

(I love Google Docs!)
 
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HERE IT IS!!!

Now our love’s lost all its color
I’m sure you’ve gone insane
We can never be the way we used to be
I won’t play your game


- Taylor Swift, Purple Love

--------------------

“Don’t stop believin’...hold on to the feelin’...that Andrea will weaken...and that there is a reason that May is not part of the Atlantic hurricane season...although I admit that currently Andrea shows no signs of knowing this!”

- Dr. Candice McElroy, excerpt from Discussion 7 of 2013’s Tropical Storm Andrea

--------------------

From 2011 Atlantic hurricane season, by Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ([noparse]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[/noparse]):

…The 2011 Atlantic hurricane season is tied with the 1933 season for the third highest number of named storms since record-keeping began in 1851, with 20 tropical and subtropical storms forming in the North Atlantic Ocean. The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period during each year in which most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic Ocean. However, the first tropical storm of the season, Arlene, developed on January 1, five months before the official beginning of the season and the earliest in the year a tropical or subtropical cyclone has ever formed in the Atlantic basin. Another storm, Bret, formed in early March, marking the first occurrence of two pre-season named storms in the Atlantic basin since 1908. It made landfall in Morocco on March 11 with winds of 105 mph (160 km/h), becoming the strongest pre-season storm ever to make landfall in the Atlantic basin. The final system, Subtropical Storm Vince, dissipated southwest of Bermuda on December 10. Despite only average conditions at best, eleven storms (including one subtropical storm, Katia) reached Category 1 strength and six of those reached major hurricane status (Bret, Cindy, Emily, Harvey, Lee, and Sean). The strongest storm of the season was Hurricane Lee in August, peaking as a powerful Category 4 hurricane with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h)…

…On June 2, an area of thunderstorms associated with a developing low-pressure area about 520 mi (835 km) east of the Lesser Antilles started to show signs of development. It moved slowly to the west over the next three days as it continued to develop, being designated as Tropical Depression Three at 1700 UTC on June 5 while located 145 mi (235 km) east of Barbados. The depression began to strengthen, being upgraded to Tropical Storm Cindy the following day, and reaching hurricane strength a few hours later, just prior to passing over Barbados as a weak Category 1 hurricane. After passing into the Caribbean Sea, Cindy briefly weakened back into a tropical storm, but regained hurricane intensity on June 7 over the western Caribbean, and continued to strengthen as it turned north, making landfall in southwestern Haiti as a Category 2 hurricane. Although Cindy weakened to Category 1 intensity due to land interactions with Hispaniola and eastern Cuba, it then rapidly intensified as it accelerated north over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream, becoming a major hurricane on June 10 while located 215 mi (345 km) east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Soon afterwards, Cindy transitioned into a powerful extratropical storm southeast of Cape Cod, and raced northeastward past Atlantic Canada and Newfoundland before dissipating south of Iceland on June 13…

…A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on August 12, but development was hindered by unfavorable environmental conditions as it moved to the west over the eastern and central Atlantic. Despite hostile conditions, the wave developed a closed circulation on the morning of August 17 while located 685 mi (1100 km) east-southeast of the Lesser Antilles; already having tropical-storm-force winds at this point, the system was operationally classified as Tropical Storm Irene at 1200 UTC. However, strong wind shear prevented any further development, and a reconnaissance flight that night found that Irene had degenerated back into an open tropical wave, which dissipated two days later to the east of the Lesser Antilles without redeveloping. Lasting only twelve hours as a tropical cyclone, Irene was the shortest-lived storm of the 2011 season…

…On August 15, a powerful extratropical storm moved off the East Coast of the United States into the western Atlantic. The system stalled late on August 16 while located 320 mi (515 km) south-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and over the following week the storm gradually lost frontal characteristics as it slowly drifted east-southeast. A combination of warm, moist air from Hurricane Jose and a sharp decrease in vertical wind shear allowed the system to develop into Subtropical Storm Katia at 0600 UTC on August 24 while located 405 mi (650 km) west-southwest of Bermuda. Katia turned to the south and executed a small anticyclonic loop on August 25 before moving to the northeast and slowly strengthening, reaching Category 1 intensity at 1800 UTC on August 27 while passing 185 mi (300 km) northwest of Bermuda; at this time, the NHC forecast that Katia would likely become fully tropical within 24 hours, but it never did so. (Operationally, the system was classified as Subtropical Storm Katia throughout its existence, as per NHC policy at the time; however, it has since been reclassified as Subtropical Hurricane Katia due to changes in the NHC’s naming guidelines.) Katia maintained hurricane-force winds for 42 hours before weakening back into a subtropical storm at 1200 UTC on August 29 as it accelerated to the northeast; twelve hours later, the storm became extratropical southeast of Newfoundland…

…A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on August 23 and developed rapidly, being classified as Tropical Depression Twelve at 1800 UTC on August 24. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Lee six hours later, while located over Cape Verde, and reached hurricane strength at 0000 UTC on August 26. As it turned to the northwest and then north, Lee continued to strengthen, becoming a major hurricane early on August 28 while located 530 mi (855 km) southwest of the Azores, attaining Category 4-intensity winds at 1800 UTC that same day, and peaking with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) at 0600 UTC on August 29. Although Lee then began a steady weakening trend, its increasingly fast forward motion meant that it was still a major hurricane when it passed over the southern Azores that afternoon, after which Lee made landfall in central Portugal with 100-mph (160-km/h) winds in the very early morning of August 31. Lee weakened rapidly over the Iberian Peninsula, being downgraded to a tropical storm over Extremadura and then to a tropical depression while located near Madrid at 1200 UTC; the remnant depression dissipated over the eastern Pyrenees that night…

…A disorganized area of low pressure in the central Caribbean Sea began to show signs of development on September 18. Development continued as it drifted to the west, and the system was classified as Tropical Depression Eighteen at 1200 UTC on September 20, while located 260 mi (420 km) south-southwest of Kingston, Jamaica. The depression continued to strengthen, being upgraded to Tropical Storm Philippe six hours later, but a ridge to the north continued to force the storm west, and it made landfall at Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, on September 22 with 70 mph (115 km/h) winds. Philippe weakened rapidly over land, being downgraded to a tropical depression that night as it drifted slowly over northeastern Nicaragua; the depression degenerated into a remnant low on September 24 as it crossed into eastern Honduras. The remnants of Philippe emerged into the northwestern Caribbean on September 25 through a break in the ridge, and soon redeveloped into Tropical Depression Philippe, regaining tropical storm intensity at 1800 UTC on September 26 as it paralleled the shore of the Yucatán Peninsula. As Philippe passed over the warm waters of the western Caribbean, it began to strengthen steadily, attaining hurricane strength early on September 27 while 55 mi (90 km) southwest of the western tip of Cuba. Philippe became a Category 2 hurricane later that morning, just prior to passing over the western tip of Cuba with 105 mph (170 km/h) winds; Philippe weakened back into a Category 1 hurricane while passing over Cuba, but restrengthened over the eastern Gulf of Mexico as it accelerated north-northeastward, making landfall at Tampa Bay on September 28 at its peak intensity with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h). Philippe weakened back into a tropical storm that night, just before crossing into Georgia, and then to a depression the next morning; the remnant depression continued to move north before dissipating over West Virginia on September 30…

…A tropical wave over the western Atlantic developed a closed circulation on November 5 while north of Puerto Rico and was classified as Tropical Depression Twenty-One, strengthening into Tropical Storm Tammy at 0000 UTC on November 6. Tammy continued to move west, but struggled to strengthen further amid strong wind shear. At one point, Tammy was forecast to strike the Bahamas and then Florida, but it veered to the north at 1200 UTC on November 7 while strengthening into a hurricane as wind shear abruptly dropped. The warm waters of the Gulf Stream allowed Tammy to intensify further as it turned to the northeast and then east well off the coast of the Carolinas, reaching its peak intensity as a 120-mph (195-km/h) Category 3 hurricane while located 250 mi (400 km) north-northwest of Bermuda. Tammy maintained this intensity for two days while accelerating eastward, before weakening to a Category 1 storm just prior to passing through the northern Azores on November 11. Tammy then turned northeast towards Europe, becoming extratropical over the Bay of Biscay at 0600 UTC on November 12 immediately prior to making landfall on the southern coast of Brittany; the extratropical remnants of Tammy caused severe flooding and blackouts in France, the Low Countries, and Britain…

…A disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a weak low-pressure area in the central Caribbean Sea started to show signs of development on December 1 while drifting westward. At 1800 UTC on December 3, it was classified as Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two while located 190 mi (305 km) south of Jacmel, Haiti, and slowly strengthened, being upgraded to Subtropical Storm Vince twelve hours later as it turned to the north; Vince would maintain this general northward motion for the remainder of its lifespan. Vince attained its peak wind speed of 65 mph (105 km/h) shortly before making landfall on the south coast of Haiti on December 6, producing heavy rain and widespread flooding as it drifted north along Haiti’s west coast. Land interaction with Hispaniola weakened Vince back into a depression, but it maintained its identity as it emerged off the north coast of Hispaniola late on December 8, and briefly reattained subtropical storm intensity before passing over the Turks and Caicos Islands the next morning as it accelerated northward. Vince soon weakened and lost all tropical characteristics on December 10 as it sped out over the colder waters of the Sargasso Sea…

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From 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, by Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ([noparse]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[/noparse]):

…The 2012 Atlantic hurricane season was highly active, tied with the 1887 and 1995 seasons for having the fourth highest number of named storms on record. The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period during each year in which most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic Ocean. However, Alberto, the first system of the year, developed on May 18, marking the second year in a row to have at least one tropical or subtropical system develop before the official beginning of the season. The final system, Tropical Storm Tony, dissipated in the Central Atlantic on November 7…

…Impact during the 2012 season was widespread and significant. In late May, Tropical Storm Alberto moved through the Bahamas, killing 5 and causing considerable damage. In mid-July, Hurricane Debby struck the Yucatan and then Texas, causing 20 deaths, while in early August, Hurricane Ernesto caused 9 deaths and considerable coastal flooding as it brushed the Carolina coast. However, the most devastating storm of the season was Leslie, which passed through the Lesser Antilles in early September and then struck Hispaniola as a Category 5 hurricane, causing over 5,000 deaths and becoming the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Igor in 2010. Finally, Hurricane Rafael passed over the Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Florida in late October, causing 81 deaths, while Subtropical Hurricane Sandy caused severe damage and 15 deaths as it brushed the Turks and Caicos Islands and the Bahamas before being absorbed by Rafael…

…A westward-moving tropical wave developed a closed circulation on August 23 southwest of the Cape Verde islands, being upgraded to Tropical Storm Isaac the following day. Favorable environmental conditions allowed Isaac to quickly strengthen into the fifth hurricane of the season late on August 25, reaching Category 3 strength the day after that. Increased wind shear weakened Isaac back into a Category 1 hurricane while 1200 mi (1930 km) east of the Lesser Antilles on August 27, but Isaac then restrengthened as it turned to the northwest, reaching peak strength on August 30 while 520 mi (835 km) southeast of Bermuda, with maximum sustained winds of 145 mph (235 km/h). Isaac was briefly forecast to continue northwestward and affect Bermuda, resulting in a hurricane watch being issued for the islands on August 31, but the watch was canceled later that day as Isaac turned to the north, away from Bermuda. Cooler sea-surface temperatures began to take their toll over the next few days as Isaac turned to the east, and Isaac weakened into a Category 2 hurricane on September 3 while located 1350 mi (2175 km) west of the Azores. Isaac weakened to Category 1 intensity on September 5 as it approached the Azores, passing through the islands the following day as a minimal hurricane. Isaac then turned northeast and began to undergo transition into an extratropical cyclone, becoming fully extratropical on September 7 while located 385 mi (620 km) west of A Coruña, Spain, still at hurricane strength; the extratropical storm produced high winds in the British Isles, downing thousands of trees and causing widespread power outages, especially in Wales, Cornwall, and southern Ireland…

…A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 30. Quickly encountering favorable conditions for development, it developed into Tropical Depression Twelve at 1800 UTC on August 31, while passing through the Cape Verde islands, being upgraded to Tropical Storm Leslie twelve hours later. Leslie steadily strengthened as it moved westward, attaining hurricane intensity around noon on September 2 while located 850 mi (1370 km) west of the Cape Verde archipelago. Although increased wind shear briefly slowed intensification, Leslie nevertheless became a major hurricane on the evening of September 4, 720 mi (1160 km) east of the Lesser Antilles. On September 6, Leslie passed through the Lesser Antilles with sustained winds of 140 mph (225 km/h), with its center passing between Guadeloupe and Dominica. Up to that point, Leslie had been maintaining an almost due westward track, but that evening Leslie turned to the northwest, and near midday on September 7, Leslie made landfall near Barahona, Dominican Republic as a 165 mph (265 km/h) Category 5 hurricane. Leslie weakened over Hispaniola, but was still a minimal hurricane when it reemerged into the Atlantic at Cap-Haïtien, Haiti, very early the next morning, before turning sharply to the northeast and passing through the Turks Island Passage into the open sea. Leslie restrengthened over the Atlantic, briefly regaining Category 3 intensity on September 11 while 395 mi (635 km) southeast of Bermuda, but then weakened rapidly as it accelerated northeastward, becoming extratropical late in the morning of September 13, approximately 580 mi (935 km) southeast of Newfoundland. Leslie caused massive damage on the northern Lesser Antilles and Hispaniola, and was one of the causes of the 2012-13 Haitian famine, indirectly leading to the Golden Revolution in Haiti in March 2013…

…A tropical wave in the central Caribbean developed a closed circulation on October 19, approximately 325 mi (525 km) south of Jamaica, and was classified as Tropical Depression Eighteen at this time. An environment of low wind shear and warm sea-surface temperatures allowed the depression to intensify into Tropical Storm Rafael at 1800 UTC the same day, as it moved slowly to the west, and then into a hurricane six hours later. Rafael turned to the northwest around midday on October 20 and underwent explosive intensification that night and the following morning as it turned north towards the Cayman Islands, strengthening from a 95-mph (155-km/h) Category 1 hurricane to a 130-mph (210-km/h) Category 4 hurricane in just twelve hours, just before passing over the Caymans on October 21. Rafael weakened to Category 3 strength as it continued north, making landfall on the Zapata Peninsula of Cuba early the next afternoon. Rafael quickly weakened over Cuba, with maximum sustained winds of only 90 mph (145 km/h) when it emerged into the Straits of Florida near Matanzas that night, but regained some strength over the warm waters of the Straits before making landfall on Key Vaca on October 23 with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and on the Florida mainland at Cape Sable shortly afterwards at the same intensity. Rafael then accelerated to the northeast over southern Florida, briefly weakening to a tropical storm before restrengthening to Category 2 intensity over the southern Gulf Stream on October 24 and absorbing Subtropical Hurricane Sandy (see below), and continued to gain forward speed over the following two days, transitioning into a powerful extratropical storm late on October 26 south of Newfoundland; the extratropical remnants of Rafael continued to the northeast, losing their identity on October 29 over east-central Greenland…

…A disorganized area of low pressure northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands began to gain tropical characteristics on October 21, being classified as Subtropical Depression Nineteen that afternoon and Subtropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Relatively favorable environmental conditions allowed Sandy to steadily intensify to peak sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) as it drifted west and then northwest over the following two days; at 0600 UTC on October 24, however, Sandy was pulled to the north and weakened sharply as it began to interact with Hurricane Rafael. By 1800 UTC that day, Sandy had been completely absorbed by Rafael, having weakened to a minimal subtropical hurricane with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) before it became no longer distinguishable from the larger and more powerful hurricane…
 
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