saratoga

What if, in 1777, the Americans lose the Battle of Saratoga which causes Spain and France not to invest in the fledgling USA as they see it as a waste of time and money, as they think the rebellion could never succeed? I'm thinking that it could cause the French revolution to be pushed back and...

What if all three of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's aircraft carriers (Enterprise, Lexington and Saratoga) would have been in Pearl Harbour and at least two were sunk or damaged beyond repair on the attack. How dramatically would this change the course and maybe even outcome of the Pacific War?