roman republic

In 71 BCE, the Third Servile War was coming to a close. Spartacus' battered, exhausted army chose to make a final stand against the forces of Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Silarius River. During the fighting, Spartacus tried to kill Crassus personally, but only succeeded in killing two of the...

This is going to have huge butterflies. What if the Roman Empire never existed and there is only a Roman Republic confined to the Italian peninsula and nearby islands? What might the future of culture, history, science, society be like? What might Europe be like?

-Perhaps Egypt stays out of the war, making Pompey's army weaker and allowing Caesar to take over the republic. Would there be any significant effect today?- Sorrry wrong thing

If the senatorial people that Mark Antony and Octavian were fighting managed to defeat them and restore the republic fully. Perhaps they pass some reforms that strengthen the Republic and make it less susceptible to civil war and dictators?

King Nabis of Sparta was the last remarkable king in the history of Sparta, having fought his wars and pushed his reforms in the backdrop of the first war between the Roman Republic and Macedon, after the former spectacularly defeated Carthage. He allied himself to the Roman side and against...

What if the famous Carthaginian general, Hannibal Barca, had not lived long enough to see the outbreak of the Second Punic War? What would be the effects on this conflict, especially if we assume that the Romans end up winning at Cannae?

And she doesn't die in childbirth keeping Caesars alliance with Pompey. Does the civil war still break out any time soon? Will the republic endure? Will Caesars grandchild end up inheriting Caesars legacy and a good chunk of Pompey's as well?

I've seen some discussions regarding Pompey's victory at Pharsalus, but what about a draw? What if either side gained any kind of victory? What do Caesar and Pompey do then? Does Caesar attempt to withdraw from Greece, or does he try to goad Pompey into another battle? Is there any room for a...

What if Gaul was not conqueded by Rome? What butterflies might come from Julius Caesar not attempting to conquer Gaul? What butterflies might come from Julius Caesar failing to conquer Gaul? Would their be another Roman attempt to conquer Gaul had Caesar attempt not happened or if it had...

Without Cato being present to influence the negotiations, Cicero manages to convince the two Pompeian consuls to accept the compromise offered by Mark Antony. Caesar gets his province with a single legion and the ability to stand for consul in absentia thus affording him legal immunity. What...

Why didn't the late Roman Republic build a new wall to replace the Severan Walls to wall off the entire city from attack? After all usurpers and generals away from Rome were gaining in influence and power after 100 BC. It would have made sense for the Senate to build the wall to consolidate...

Apparently the Romans are the only part of history I'm interested in writing about. Anyway, I still plan on pursuing the Annals of Aelius TL for 150 more years, but I may start a secondary/minor TL just so I have something else to do and I don't burn out from reading Tacitus and Suetonius over...

Back in the late 60's BCE, there was a long-standing rivalry within Celtic Gaul between the Aedui, who were building an empire of sorts, and the Sequani and Arverni, who were, in turn, threatened by the expansion of the (Roman-allied) Aedui. The latter party invited a king of the Suebi Germanic...

So, assume that the Roman "barracks emperors" are even less competent at defending the empire from the Germanics, Persians, and other usurpers, and the whole thing collapses into multiple squabbling states sometime around the 270's AD. One of the Germanic tribes, led by their king, estabilishes...

The brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were plebians from the Sempronia family who became famous for their radical populism, attempts to improve the living conditions/livelihoods of Rome's underclasses and varingly successful attempts to push land reform. Tiberius, popular but virulently hated...

For the longest time, the Persians was a thorn in the Romans side that only got worst as time went on. First the Parthians, and then the Sasanian Empire seemly became trapped in a cycle of 'tug of war' for the region, first with the Roman Republic, then the Roman Empire, and at last the...

During the Second Punic War, and the brief Gallic War immediately preceding it, Rome was able to mobilize about a quarter of a million men between the city and its allies in five field armies, most around 50,000. Assuming an Italian population of ~5 million in the third century BC, this...

What if the Roman Republic lost most of the key battles of the Cimbrian War (maybe through Gaius Marius dying in his fight against Jugurtha of Numidia), in the late 2nd century BCE? What would happen next? Could the Cimbri and the Teutones invade the italian peninsula and sack Rome? Could they...

Could the rise of Rome have occurred much earlier than OTL? If Rome became independent from the Etruscans earlier, and started waging campaigns of expansion 100, 200 years earlier, could they have obtained a sort of dominance over the Mediterranean Basin that they enjoyed under Emperor Augustus...

If the U.S. Constitution had established two heads of state, two consuls in Roman Republican fashion, instead of a singular President, then how would it effect U.S. history?