7th century

What if early medieval Japan had never gone through the Taika reforms that transformed its society according to Chinese influences in the mid-7th century? What could have happened?

Challenge: With a POD from 450s to 700s, make a group of Huns survive in either Europe, Eurasia, the Caucasus, or Asia. So, make a modern-day Hunnic Ethnicity, after Attila, either a small ethnic group, or a large nation of Hunnic People. Bonus points, for a modern-day Hunnic nation(s), and...

What if Old Great Bulgaria wasn't conquered by the Khazars? How might things be different?

In 642 CE a "last stand" took place at Nahavand in modern-day Iran, where the Sassanid army lost to the invading forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. After this defeat, the Sassanid king Yazdgerd III was never again able to muster the forces to seriously impede the Arab conquest of the rest of his...

A POD that I think is underused is: what if the orthodox Muslims eventually won the Ridda wars, but only after so long and brutal a struggle that the Arab military expansion machine and unified polity permanently fell apart? It would leave a recognizable Islam (plus possibly a small remnant of...

In a scenario where Islam never existed (let's say Muhammad dies before he founds Islam), what becomes of the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire and Sassanian Persia? How do the two empires develop without Islam? What's the "life expectancy" for the Sassanids without Islam arising?

What if instead of Muhammad uniting the Arab tribes under the banner of Islam in the 7th century (let's say Muhammad dies a sickly infant), a Genghis Khan/Temujin-esque figure had united the Arab tribes under his banner and launched a campaign of expansion against the weakened Byzantine and...

Listo f geographic names and their OTL equivalents: Adarbaigan =Iranian Azerbaijan Albania= Azerbaijan Assyria= northern Iraq (including Irasqi Kurdistan) Betica= Andalusia Beth Qatriye= Qatar and UAE Ifriqia=Tunisia and ad Tripolitania Mazun= northern Oman Miaphysite = Oriental Orthodox...