16th century

In 1539, a tercio of Spanish soldiers fought an impressive last stand against an Ottoman force more than ten times its size led by famed admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa at the town of Castelnuovo (now Herceg Novi) in what is now Montenegro. While the Spanish were eventually overwhelmed and slain...

Vladislaus II had a stroke in 1504 IOTL. Now what if that stroke took his life? He only had a daughter, Anne at that point, his OTL son, the future Louis II was born only in 1506. What would happen to Hungary? According to the Treaty of Pozsony(Pressburg) of 1491, the Habsburgs had a clear claim...

France gradually strengthened its central power during the late middle ages and early modern times. But what if Protestantism/the Hugenotes became a stronger force than in OTL? In OTL there was a civil war in the latter half of the sixteenth century.What if the Hugenots managed to create a...

Hello everybody. Well, this is my first time posting on Alternatehistory.com since I've heard of this site since I was on the AltHistory Wiki in Wikia/FANDOM. But I am currently here because I need advice on a timeline I am writing on the Alternate History Wiki on Miraheze called Mexica Victory...

What if Gaston de Foix, Duke of Nemours, had not died in the midst of the War of the League of Cambrai in 1512? How does his survival affect France's conduct in the remainder of the war? Could his survival dissuade Ferdinand of Aragon from claiming the Navarrese throne? If not, then would Gaston...

Assuming the English got to the Triple Alliance/Aztecs first (English Columbus in the north then later voyagers post-1500 began travelling south to look for a Central Passageway to Asia to bypass Portuguese African route monopoly), then what and how would the English approach to colonising or...

Anne of Brittany, Queen of France, dies from illness during autumn of 1499, before birth of Claude, leaving no surviving children. So Brittany is likely just absorbed by France, I doubt Anne's distant cousins would be allowed to claim it. Louis would obviously remarry, and with different wife...

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What if the Dutch, at that time under the Union of Brussels that spanned both the southern and northern Netherlands, had managed to defeat the Spanish forces hassling them at the Battle of Gembloux, in 1578? IOTL, the battle had significant consequences for the history of the Low Countries --...

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Say last member of House of Zápolya, John Sigismund, Duke of Transylvania, does not die young in 1571. Being alive at the time of death of his uncle Sigismund Augustus of Poland, he'll be obvious candidate to succeede him, as his closest, adult male relative. Election of 1573 should be...

What if the king of France Charles VIII had never invaded itaIy in 1494, kick-starting the Italian wars? His plan was to take southern Italy and use it to start a crusade against the ottomans, but how would the history of Europe change without this series of wars during the 16th century? And...

So in our timeline the european colonizers could establish direct control of the newly conquered or settled territory in America. Is there a possibility that at least some of the conquistadors become hereditary rulers of their colonys as vassals of the motherland? Like a Prince Hernan Cortes of...

Probably my favourite among the 16th century's Austrian Habsburgs - thanks in no small part to @SpaceOddity's TL, Now Blooms the Tudor Rose - the guy flipped the bird at his family and married a woman he loved rather than contracting a dynastic match as was expected of him (and Elizabeth, the...

The first of the cadet branches of the title to go was the Burgundian branch of the Valois with the death of Charles the Bold (he left no son, so the line died with his daughter). The next to go was Valois-Anjou, in the person of the Comte du Maine. The hopes of the Angevins had reposed...

The man was the eldest son of Gustaf Vasa, and despite pursuing marriage plans to various ladies (Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I among them) married to a commoner. He ended up deposed by his brother (and others who said he was crazy) imprisoned and presumably poisoned by a bowl of pea...

So it just occurred to me that in a recent discussion (on the House of York surviving, FWTW), I was forming a rough TL idea that did two other things in the 1470's: Portugal wins the War of Castillian Succession Mary of Burgandy marries someone other than Maximillian I,* possibly a surviving...

Anne, Duchess of Brittany and twice queen of France was pregnant 14 times, yet for all her trouble, she produced only three children who outlived the year of their birth: a son and two daughters. And the son lost an unfortunate fight with measles. The premise is simple. Anne succumbs to...

Well, I just finished this amazing video from emperor tigerstar, if you don't know his channel, please visit it and subscribe, he's one of my favorite historians and my favorite mapper This left me intrigued in fact, what if the second spanish armada wasn't caught by the storm, maybe sailing...

The Battle Of Orsha was perhaps the most decisive moment of the Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars. The muscovites were confident that they could reunite the whole of the former Kievan Rus' lands, while the Lithuanians, alongside their polish allies, were a target of such expansionism. However, after...