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POD: Israel takes Latrun, beats the Jordanian army in the Battle for Jerusalem, and advances to the Jordan River. When the '48 armistice agreements are signed, Egypt keeps Gaza as OTL but the Jordanians get nothing. How does the conflict proceed? Presumably the Nakba is worse, as it now also...

With any POD, is it at all possible for a Persian empire to stretch from the Indus to the Pillars of Hercules? I envision it would start with a Persian victory at Marathon or Salamis and subsequently butterflying Alexander the Great. But could such an empire even exist? Or would it be too big to...

Either by butterflying the Islamic part of the revolution or by having the theocracy collapse, how could Iran have become a liberal democracy after deposing the Shah?

Are there any TLs that give Native Americans the Lands of Red and Gold treatment? Specifically, a TL that starts from the POD "the Americas had more domesticatable animals," in the same way that LORAG started with "Australia had a founder crop and could develop agricultural societies"? Ideally...

As we all know, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War (the Israeli War of Independence / the Naqba), Irgun and Lehi successfully liberated Jerusalem on July 8 in "Operation Kedem." This enabled Jewish militias to advance east from the high ground of Judea all the way to the Jordan river before the...

Note that by this time Christianity and Judaism had already diverged sufficiently for both communities to recognize each other as separate religions. The Mishnah had been compiled a century before; two centuries of Church Fathers have come and gone. There were approximately an equal number of...

Instead of having a vision of God, Paul has a seizure on the road and dies. What are the long-term consequences? The most immediate consequence is that Paul never preaches across the Roman Empire and becomes an author of Christian New Testament (CNT) texts. So the seven Pauline epistles that...

In brief, the industrial revolution was born in OTL England out of a handful of interrelated conditions: A rising middle class; The development of new technologies which enabled the industrialization of a thriving cottage industry (in England: the spinning jetty and other machines useful in...

Any POD, anything goes.

Two groups suffered similar fates under the Roman Empire: the Jews and the Celts. Both were conquered, repatedly rebelled, and had their societies utterly destroyed by Roman forces. But the core religious and cultural elements of Jewish society in antiquity - what became modern Judaism -...

Inspired by the "AHC Buddhist Poland" post. How could this happen and what impact would it have on the West?

In December 1952, upon the death of Israel's first President, the government offered Einstein the position. Einstein turned them down, citing his old age and political inexperience. What if he had taken the (largely ceremonial) role? Israel's OTL second president was in power from 1952 to 1963...

Canaanism OTL was a political movement among Jews in the 1930s and 1940s that grew out of Revisionist Zionism. Essentially, it believed that Jews should abandon the Jewish religion (and encourage Palestinian Arabs to abandon Islam) and join together in a secular Hebrew / Canaanite identity...

Assuming no European colonialism, either through an Americapox scenario or butterflying European "discovery," is a unified Caribbean possible? Or likely? If so, which society would succeed at it? I'm specifically envisioning a native Caribbean "mare nostrum" equivalent, whereby the major...

As we all know, the Roman and Carthaginian states fought the three "Latin Wars" nearly 2200 years ago. Carthage won, incorporated the city of Roman and all her holdings into the empire, and continued on to dominate the greater Mediterranean for centuries to come. But what if Rome had won the...

According to the predominant modern theory, OTL the early Jewish people were predominantly monolatrous in Iron Age I and did not become monotheistic until the Babylonian captivity. Monolatrism is the belief or recognition of many gods but the insistence on worshipping only one of them...

In other words: what if the 17th century Chinese Rites controversy went the other way? The big issues apparently were: the correct Chinese terminology for "God," the practice of Confucian seasonal rituals, and the practice of offering incense in veneration of dead ancestors. Suppose the...

PoD: Russia joins NATO at any point between the fall of the Soviet Union and 9/11. What happens next?

With any POD after Germany's unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945, form the European Union an actual federal and democratic superstate encompassing (at minimum) France, western Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Bonus points if you do it through bilateral or multilateral agreements...

At any point after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, make Kurdistan real.