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Competition for export markets? Which ones (besides Chinese one)? What resources was tsarist Russia seeking abroad? Military bases where?

Duchy of Courland was a Polish-Lithuanian fief, so its' colonies I'd rather consider being Polish or Lithuanian than German.

If the interwar German policy OTL is any indication, then giving so-called-corridor to Germany would not only hinder, but pretty much strangulate Polish economy. The only way interwar Germany would be satisfied was with 1914 eastern border - which would leave in Germany thousands of square km...

WW2 probably wouldn't have happened, but there would be a lot of smaller, regional conflicts. I.e. war between Poland and USSR would be probably inevitable, as Russia never stopped hungering for eastern Poland. Though, if we assume there won't be figure that simply replaces Hitler, in a...

If the Russian Empire didn't fall, there'd be no conflict between it and USA. One should remember, than before the October Revolution US-Russian relations were cordial, as they had no overlapping interests, and common worries (Japan, to an extent UK). Only after 1917, with the new Russian...

The 320mm Canet guns on Matsushima-class cruisers were notoriously troublesome - slow reload, mounts too light to withstand recoil well and guns often suffered failures. The ships were just too small for such a gun (65t; IIRC the 305mm guns used on IJN battleships during the war with Russia...

As said before by David T, all Japan need to retain Taiwan is to not get into Pacific War. China didn't have a capability to take it back when it was still part of Japanese Empire, and IATL probably wouldn't have enough strength either.

PZL-38 wasn't a version of PZL-37. It was -mostly- a scaled down PZL-37. PZL-38's first flight was in 1938. But it was overweight and underpowered. Later refinements of the concept were PZL-48 (with GR14M engines) and PZL-54 (with HS-12 engines). None flown before 1939. On another note: 1...

PZL-50 was quickly run through design process - that's why there were so many problems with that plane (max speed of the prototype was only 85% (430 km/h - 270mph) of designed one, for example; and the design speed was 500km/h (312,5mph), not 560km/h (350mph). If you want a Bf109 level fighter...

Treaty of Versailes only decided on fate of formerly-German held parts of Poland (Greater Poland, Upper Silesia, parts of Pomerania and East Prussia). As such, even Warsaw was not confirmed part of Poland by the Treaty of Versailles. And Soviets didn't occupy any formerly-German held parts. So...

Yes, the Chaco war was decided by logistics. For example: Bolivian forces to get to the front line had to march all the way from Altiplano (Andean plateau) to the frontline, which took them at least 2 weeks. Paraguayans moved their forces from Asunción by river to Puerto Casado, from there by...

I don't think Germany could escape the large scale war if they attacked Poland. While Germany may be able to get Poland to back off regarding the Danzig, probably with the use of international conference a'la Munich, it's pretty obvious that Hitler won't be satisfied with that.

Small correction: there was no fighting in the swamp or jungle for in Chaco there's none - it's too dry. So dry in fact, that large part of loses both sides suffered was from dehydration. Chaco is mostly dry bush. War was still pointless, though.

Self explanatory. To expand: after Treaty of Versailes Kaiserliche Werft (renamed to Danziger Werft) ended outside of Germany and since 1921 was forbidden from building warships. Only after take over by 3rd Reich it resumed military production, mostly U-boots. Besides, IIRC, after the break-out...

... Wallons speak French and they made I believe most of oficer corps, and the Flemish had to learn French one way or another, so I don't see how they'd not be able to communicate with French officers. BTW, there's no Belgian language.

What claims? Poland had no claims for USSR territory. And Poland would have prefered for war with USSR to never happen. So no offensive Alliance against USSR - no matter with whom. And as posters above said, Poland had no interest in allying with Germany.

That'd be, unfortunately, an ASB TL. IIRC from discussions on DWS board, with the same armanents as OTL it's possible to lengthen 1939 campaign from 1 to 3 months IATL. But back to 1990s - will Macierewicz will make his list ITTL?

Anymore, but this doesn't mean that it won't look for them in the future. Rather shaky grounds, y'know... We're talking about the same Alsace-Lorraine that is a integral part of French Metropole? The same that French were yammering about getting back since 1871 till 1918 and was one of the...

Beck got his position by Pilsudzki's favor only and had no power base on his own. Not mentioning that when it came to Pilsudzki he was pretty much a yes-man. Beck would have to be completly drunk and have a concussion to even contemplate disagreeing with Pilsudzki. And that would only get him...

I think that PPR would be at best 3rd force in country politics (after SL and SN), but more likely 5th only (after PPS and SP too). After all, SL, SP and obviously PPS, were strongly on the left by that time. Even SN was supporting nationalisation of heavy industry post-war. From how...