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Ship money was legal. Courts said so. It had been levied in the past.What the King could not do was create new direct taxes. Assembly of notables was the French equivalent of Aulic Council. Basically, Aulic Council got too big and unwieldy so the King started calling a sub set of it , his...

Well, the short answer is that the King may do whatever the King can do. If he gets away with it, it's all good. (Do bear in mind that I am a divine right monarchist - I don't believe there should be a Parliament). The Stuart kings had much the same prerogatives as the Tudors. Whether it was...

Stephen IX was younger brother of the sovereign Duke of Lower Lorraine. Callixtus II was the son of the Count of Burgundy, and uncle of the King of Leon. Once it became axiomatic that the Pope would be Italian, it becomes impossible of course.

Yes, you are right, it will. There is another nation-building benefit , which is perhaps not always appreciated. OTL entrepreneurs tended to be very hesitant to invest all their capital into their merchant ventures. This was because they were terrified about what would become of their...

Yes, he did, but that was banking and fiat money not insurance. There are a number of issues around state insurance. Of the main types of insurance: Fire and disaster. Not very attractive before about C19. Too risky (think Great Fire of London), and not really a good business proposition...

The answers to those questions were very explicitly set out in thebBill of Rights 1689 So, the answers are When Mary dies William carries on as King, as OTL When he dies the child succeeds. If the child dies sine prole, Anne succeeds (assuming she is still alive) If William had remarried...

Yes, Churchill was definitely one whom I had in mind as comprising the "few others".Lord Cornbury and the Earl of Bath could also have tipped the scale. Dartmouth was in command of the fleet , had he done his duty he could have intercepted William at sea.

A "religious Magna Carta " is not possible. By the constitution of the Church of England, the King is the Head of the Church on earth. He appoints, the Bishops he is Supreme Head. And in 1688 , that did mean the King. For him to pass that patronage over to another, would be to make that other as...

Well, yes and no. At least he had a fairly fulfilling life and career, which was probably as good as he would have had (being a younger son and all) if 1688 had never happened. Which may be why he doesn't come across as being bitter like his brother.

1800, he only has 7 years, as a prisoner of Bonaparte. No effect at all. In 1775 he has time to make his mark, even if he does get captured in 1796 as OTL. I don't really know enough about him to predict how he would behave. From all accounts (including unfriendly ones) he seems to have been a...

Well, if she were the only daughter , she would still be the Stuart heir. The Stuart line would be restored. After all, if Queen Anne's son William D. of Gloucester had lived , no one would have denied he was the Stuart heir ?

Not that unlikely at all. He took part in the conclaves from 1758 on, so could have been elected at any of them . By the 1775 election he was a fairly senior cardinal. That election had no obvious candidate (about 30 cardinals were considered papabile apparently, and the conclave took about 5...

I think that a 'direct' conversion would be viewed with great suspicion. And the likelihood of a 19C British queen marrying against the wish of Parliament is very small indeed. However, a second degree reunion might be possible. One of the Stuart brothers produces a legitimate daughter, and...

Firing it with WHAT? A gun? A missile ? That's a different matter to just dropping it. How do you aim it when you fire it?

Uh, how? As the previous poster said, if you just drop it, it will continue to orbit exactly as it did before dropping. It's in geostationary orbit, remember. Slowing it down will cause it to fall earthward, but then you have the whole guidance/aiming issue. And how do you slow it down?

Bolide artillery is the term. Problem is targeting. If you have some sort of guidance and steering system, which you don't have the simplicity - motors, rockets, electronics . Or you have a very inaccurate missile. The problem is that to get a decent amount of kinetic energy your crowbar...

Marriage is not possible , military conquest is.But for Prussia to annex Bavaria after 1800 (military Glucksburg does not seem likely) , or vice versa, is, perhaps, not impossible, but very unlikely. Possibly in 1866 if the Austro-Prussian war went differently and Prussia went postal in a big...

Pretty much impossible I would have thought, since they all followed Salic Law.

Not really correct.Back then British machinery still used Imperial standards - Whitworth, BSF, BA and on motorcycles the infamous CEI. These were all quite different to USA SAE, AF . US and British were not interchangeable. Different pitches, different thread forms, different head sizes. US is...

It is probable that Britain, in the pre-Bonaparte stage, at any rate, would be less implacably opposed to the new regime.The murder of Louis had too much resonance to the Royal Martyr for England ever to accept any accommodation with the murderers. Remove the regicide and the British might...