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Do not confuse 'civil' law, the law dealing with matters between man and man (ie the opposite of criminal law) with civil law in the English sense, the law of the 'civilians', ie the law pertaining to the church, to marriages, to the admiralty courts etc. Lawyers dealt with the former, as...

It is important not to assume that the 'nationalist' element of the CoE was a creation of the Reformation. England had an anti-Papal grudge ever since the Synod of Whitby. Anti-Papalism waxed and waned but it was always there, frex Ric II laws on preamunire (and thety were claimed to be...

They did. Germany had (to some extent has) a system of common law.The Custom of Normandy was common law.The Spanish fueros were common law. The Continental common law systems were replaced by Roman civil law. Blame Grotius and Napoleon/ The question is actually 'how to stop Roman civil law...

It appears that the charge of powder was, for heavy cannon, one third of the weight of the cannon ball. Other types of gun, a different proportion Mortars , of course, the charge was varied depending on the range desired this from A new and Universal Dictionary of the Marine, 1830. This is an...

The Royal Navy, in 18C certainly had standard weights of powder for each type of gun. I have seen the figures, but cannot remember where. I will try to find them

It is aberrational, but not heraldically improper. Lancaster is a very special case because the Duchy (not dukedom) of Lancaster is a Palatinate, whereas the earldom is just an ordinary peerage. The aberration is not limited to duke/earl, there have been other combinations. Usually the double...

They did before 1801 though.Remember, at this period Ireland still has its own Parliament and own House of Lords. Even after 1801, they did give a right to contest for one of the representative seats. There have actually been four Irish dukedoms and a duchessdom (well, you tell me what it...

This post gives a bit of the flavour (taken out of context I'm afraid)

About 10 or 12 years ago, on the old Google Groups What-if site, there was an absolutely Brilliant thread (I think by Alan Lothian) about unFascist Britain. Totally unsuitable for this forum, it was full of humour, sarcasm and irony, in a totally English way. It would be locked and banhammered...

You left out the one that most nearly destroyed the myth of British invincability. Sobraon. As it was , the Army in India spoke of it with awe for 100 years. A little luck on the Sikh side and it could have been a bigger disaster than Chillianwallah. A preserved independent Sikh kingdom would...

I freely admit to complete ignorance about warship construction (my father would have disinherited me for that statement !:eek:), so I apologise in advance if this is a foolish question, but I do know that the heat generated in a closed up turret, by the firing of the armament was very great,and...

Could the basis of Act have been challenged? ' 'Y'honour, we respectfully submit that the terms of the 18th Amendment must be deemed precise and complete.And, that the amendment, placing an unnatural limitation on the natural rights of the citizen, should be strictly interpreted in favour of...

This. If Jane is considered a Queen, then we must consider Monmouth as James II .

Well, no, nothing about English titles makes sense :D. They are what they are, a perpetual minefield for foreigners. How does one address the daughter of a Duke, who is married to a baronet, who happens to be a bishop? Get it wrong and the simultaneous indrawn breathes will forever brand you as...

No, a knight (or baronet) is never referred to as 'Sir Surname'. Always 'Sir Henry' or "Sir Henry Capell'. Or, very formally,Sir Henry Capell, Kt. Though if his knighthood was by virtue of an Order, Sir Henry Capell, KGCB (or whatever), is better. Just another of those weird English things

'Sir Capell' ? :confused: Yes, I know, picky picky.

Lord High Admiral was not originally a GOS. In fact there was no LHA until 1413. The office was created to reduce the power of the LHC. The LHC was a much older office, but by th 15C kings were nervous of the amount of power concentrated in the hands of the LHC. So they first removed some of it...

Lord Chamberlain (not Lord High C , different role) was an important political role, because he looked after patronage and bribery. Lord Steward ( note that he is quite a different role to the Seneschal/L.H.Steward , much less important, and not a law officer ) was in charge of the household ...

The Justiciar office sort of split up.It was more or less a combination of Lord Chief Justice, Lord Chancellor, and (anachronistically) Prime Minister.And a military capability as well. Basically the job got too big for one man, and too powerful for the King to trust him. No need to recreate...

Curia Regis.Pretty much. The Curia Regis was what was left of the Aulic Council once the judicial officers got spun off into the permanent courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas. Then the Curia Regis morphed into the Privy Council. Glanville was Justiciar and presided over the Aula Regis -...