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4:1 funding for armaments:munitions gives just an average 100 rounds per weapon. Not enough even for one-day fight (standard for rifle is 120 rounds/day and for 75mm gun is 200 rounds/day). You need to spend all the remaining $ ~70mln. for ammunition, and may be even slash some weapons - army...

How 8kt weight vessel would cost just $3.1mln in 1937? Extrapolating modern Chinese costs, and using 10/1 factor for conversion between 1937 and 2019 purchasing power of USD, only structural steel material bill would be $1.6mln. Extrapolating US costs give structural steel bill of $8.0 mln. I...

750mln. USD in 1937 was equivalent to additional ~15 thousand tonnes of military equipment. Although it is equivalent to just one day of full-swing US production in wartime, effect would be disproportionately large in 1937 due low military spending of US pre-war. If such funding program is...

Sooner. Red Soviets program initial point was "peace now". By fulfilling it early, White factions would lose a lot of popular support compared to OTL course of events.

Mostly incorrect. True rain-cloud can form in 130m high dome if difference between dew point and air temperature at dome base is below 1.5C, this meaning relative humidity of 85% or above at 20C. Typical humidity in Berlin is 60-80%, and this number will be further reduced by heating systems in...

To say exactly, limit is 18cm. Soviets in 1931 have relined old 8-inches to 18cm, resulting in hand-loaded coastal gun (naval gun version was still mechanized). Hand-loaded version have worked fine in peacetime, but in 1943, after all able-bodied men were transferred to infantry...the fire...

Yes, correct. As Richard V correctly noted, scientific method result an large R&D costs reductions - later on (from 19th century level) some industrial processes would need to tune too many parameters to figure out correct combination without some formal system of proof (scientific method or...

The British and European as whole has borrowed scientific method from Arabs (starting from Alhazen works) - Arab states centered in modern Iran and Iraq were most advanced technologically in 11th century. Nobody forbid the Song China to do the same. Unfortunately, seems to be no direct contact...

French company would be likely cancelled. IOTL, it was considered high risk and high effort affair among German general staff, and went through only due unwavering support by Hitler. wikipedia citations: Manstein wrote his first memorandum outlining the alternative plan on 31 October. In it he...

I would say rather "a several tens hours of practice, and at least thirty practice landings" to make proficient pilot. One more problem is what British bomber planes did not have dual controls, therefore special training versions have to be built. On the other hand, Avro Lancaster And H.P...

You should take into account the problem of low tail inherited from tail-dragger airframe, and poor handling before touchdown due more forward center of drag. The touchdown of nose wheel in converted Lancaster (as opposed to purpose-designed tricycle aircraft) will happen faster, and timing of...

I do agree moving wings is not a practical redesign. As alternative, original under-wing chassis had wheel nearly at leading edge. Reversing undercarriage opening direction for wheels to open under trailing edge would give enough stability margin at takeoff. And landing is typically not a...

It was a problem IOTL - nobody among politicians grasped yet the implication of widely used machine guns and consequently horrors of positional warfare. You need one more machine-guns stalemated war just before WWI for politicians to consider early peace.

Very likely, Magadan road will be completed much earlier - as part of infrastructure buildup on both sides. Chukchi jokes are unlikely to be popular in the US - the successive spread of such stereotypes is very sensitive to timing, and likely it was too late by 1867.

Such proposal was made before and is generally plausible, especially together with alliance with Dutch. Spanish was already badly over-extended by 1568 - the date of start of Eighty Years War.

Then Luzon become a conventional waypoint on the way to Taiwan (or other way - Taiwan become a resupply station while returning from Luzon). Okinawa-Luzon-Taiwan-Okinawa route in epoch of sail is much more practical than Okinawa-Taiwan-Okinawa, because avoids going directly against dominant...

Antisemitic Red Army. The wartime polarization work this way. Regarding long-term consequences, the civil war is likely to end sooner. Antisemitism was on the rampage on the early 20th century Russia, while Jewish communities contribution to civil war was not decisive.

Most likely yes. Of course, survival of British Raj would require no WWI and WWII as you properly noted. The political autonomy of Raj will be nearly complete after 2000 though. Also, the political landscape would be very different from OTL - most likely no Soviet Union and European union in...

From what was known to the Japanese in early May 1945, the best strategy may be to beach Yamato in the Bay of Kagoshima. See map of approximate coverage of her main guns http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?R=55km@31.4N130.7E&MS=wls&DU=mi This way, Yamato is likely disabled by July 1945, before tentative...

Political support for Siberian intervention was poor in Japan even with Entente mandate. Without mandate, the political will to intervene would be null.