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If Italy is included into the ERE for a long time the 'religious and cultural differences' would become less and less with every passing year, a lot of ties would fasten Italy and Constantinople together. In OTL these differences became so pronounced because for centuries Italy was apart from...

I am afraid there are no rules in this linguistic issue. I mean the Hellenistic Eastern part of the Roman Empire hold on against Latinization for 6 centuries or so, and even Hellenized the Romans, who settled there. But the same "Hellenistic" regions failed to Hellenize the conquering Arabs...

Good point. But you can never be sure in such things. For example, the Roman Latin-speaking legions were stationed in the Greek East for good two centuries and numerous Latin-speaking veteran colonies were settled there, but they failed to Latinize it; the only exception is the North Balkans...

Ye, sure, I bought them legally. But I am not sure if it is legal for you to receive them as gifts. That depends on the legislation of your country. I mean, I guess, if someone bought a 'hard cover' (ordinary paper) book it is usually legal for him to give anyone to read or as a gift. I think...

As I previously mentioned, reading The New Cambridge Medieval History I cannot find any proof that (Western) Europe was 'a land of castles' on the eve of the Mongol invasion; I mean reading it I get the impression that there were castles, but nothing extraordinary quantitatively or...

From what I know even Justinian I was a native speaker of Latin, born in the Balkans. So the Eastern Roman Empire had Latin speaking regions in OTL. Italy wouldn't change the language issue dramatically; having Latin and Greek peacefully coexist was the most natural thing for the Roman Empire...

As you said it was an excuse, it was not the reason. As the Roman empire had focused on the West, the Eastern and the Balkan fortifications were not paid adequate attention. So the Byzantines having problems on the Balkan frontier was natural (with the Avars/Slavs or anyone else) sooner or...

EUROPEAN CASTLES vs MONGOL INVASION The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume IV c. 1024–c. 1198 Part 1 edited by DAVID ABULAFIA Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 First published 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Chapter 19...

It's a common (European) misconception about the Mongol world conquest: - the Mongols had had an interrupted chain of brilliant smashing victories before Europe; but when the Mongols reached Europe, some battles became almost 'evenly-balanced'; and that proves once and for all that the...

I have nearly all the volumes as .pdf If you give me your email (through forum conversation messages) I will send them to you free of charge :)

Oh, you've got The New Cambridge Medieval History too! Great books. Ye, chapter 24 is written by S.C. Rowell, who pays more attention to fortifications; but my remark was about Peter Jackson who wrote chapter 22 and was dealing specifically with Mongols. By the way in the New Cambridge Medieval...

Oh, my post is not "dishonest and despicable", it's just you being inattentive. I quoted Peter Jackson from his chapter (17 pages) in this book: The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume V c.1198–c.1300 edited by DAVID ABULAFIA Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 First...

What page exactly? Could you be more specific? Because I used all my search skills and cannot find your quotes... I am serious. My quote is on page 706-707.

The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume V c.1198–c.1300 edited by DAVID ABULAFIA Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 First published 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge 22. The Mongols and Europe. / Peter Jackson. / pp. 703-720 "...

No, actually, I am not. I am just articulating my point of view, which happens to disagree with the majority of posters of this thread. But if it looks inflammatory, I'll try to choose my wording more carefully.

:) I bet my typos are more numerous and much funnier than yours since English is not my first language. damp, sure, I meant damp climate :)

I've been on this forum since 2011 and I've seen a zillion of "Mongol conquest of (West) Europe" threads. I must admit that 6 years ago they were much more fun - every such thread had posts about "inability of the Mongol bows to shoot in the 'dump' European climate/weather" - this internet...

That's (very roughly) the Great Eurasian Plain where the warriors were nomad archers by definition and where feigned retreat had been a favorite game for two millennia at least: Most of it had been conquered by the Mongols till they reached the glorious European knights & kings...

incalculable? I don't know... We might look at the contemporary analogues, similar situations: When the Parthians kicked out the Seleucids first they themselves and other indigenous non-Greek populations (Iranians and non-Iranians) were heavily Hellenized and they stayed that way for decades...

The Hellenistic regime of the Lagids was military, organizationally and financially stronger than the Upper Egypt pharaohs. So the only chance for them I see in Antiochus III the Great returning from his Eastern campaigns when he smelled Egyptian internal trouble somewhere in 205-200; and...