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How could the Soviet Union include, most if not all, of China? Could it happen with a POD during WW2, or is that too late? Would they move their capital closer to China?

How could the Marathas not only survive as the premier empire of India, but also modernize like Meiji's Japan, and do so effectively enough that the European great powers accept the Marathas as one of the nations colonizing Africa?

How could all of the Austrian Empire, including Hungary, Galich, and Croatia, be incorporated into Germany some time in the 19th century? Could Hungarians become seen as Germans, or vice versa (since, for example, Nietzsche was proud to be descended from the Polish)? Could Germany pre-1930 be...

How fast would the Union defeat the Confederacy if it had Grant and Sherman quality officers at the very beginning, and McClellan was nowhere to be found?

Although the Roman Republic's rise was pretty likely, it didn't necessarily have to happen in the same way that it did or with the same powers controlling the Mediterranean. If the cultural map of the Mediterranean had evolved differently, how is Rome in particular affected? Persianized Rome...

If Greeks had taken over Carthage before the First Punic War (perhaps in an "Alexander lives" scenario), exerting their influence on Carthage and Italy for decades, how would it change the way the Punic Wars were fought and their outcome?

Imagine a scenario along the same lines as the old TL "The United States of the Americas and Oceania", except instead of the point of the scenario being how to get the US to conquer the Americas and Oceania, it's how to get the US to conquer most of the world, if not the entire world, and...

How could the alligator, rather than the bald eagle, become the national animal of the United States, depicted on its seal? Potential obstacles to this idea: - Alligators only live in the South. But the lion is still the symbol of England despite not living there at all, so it could still work...

If the Roman Empire had a better understanding of economics, how much longer could they survive? And, particularly, what concepts would they need to learn to keep their economy afloat? How well did they understand inflation?

With the latest possible point of divergence, how could the American Civil War have lasted a decade or longer?

Poland under Casimir III, as well as several Italian city-states, took very effective preventative measures that reduced their losses to the Black Death. What if Edward III took similar measures, requiring that all incoming ships, and people crossing into England from Scotland, had to be...

What if Emperor Napoleon I, or Napolemagne of course as he is more commonly called, failed to hold onto the territories beyond the Rhine, making his claim to Holy Roman Emperor tenuous and perhaps, allowing the Coalition to remove the Bonapartid dynasty from power? What sort of event would...

What if the Soviet Union still fell as a political entity, but former members of its government formed a private company selling communist merchandise (edgy T-shirts, alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, etc.) in Russia, former East Germany, and the Warsaw Pact, taking advantage of Ostalgie...

How could an Indian empire (except the Mughals) expand westward until they've conquered most of the Middle East? When would be the most plausible time for this to happen? Could it be done in just one extensive campaign, like a reverse of Alexander's conquests? What effect would this have on...

What if the great powers were unable to come to an agreement at the Berlin Conference or any other time, and instead, the Scramble for Africa became a free-for-all between all the great powers (British vs German, German vs French, French vs British, British vs Belgian, etc.) and native kingdoms...

The founding fathers and early political figures of the US were very interested in Graeco-Roman ideals, architecture and mythology, ancient Egyptian symbols, and Renaissance ideals, among other things. E.g. all the government buildings and memorials in Washington D.C being Roman architecture...

If the Cuban Missile Crisis became WW3, which large cities in NATO and the Warsaw Pact would not be struck? Would all countries in the "first world" and "second world" collapse or is it possible that some smaller countries or regions could survive? Could the US survive with its large size and...

How could William the Conqueror become King of both France and England by the end of his lifetime? The POD can be before the Norman Conquest of England. If he does hold both kingdoms, how would this affect the future of western Europe?

Roussel de Bailleul was a Norman adventurer who fought for the Byzantine empire, deserted at the Battle of Manzikert, was re-hired out of necessity, and then forged his own short-lived principality in Anatolia before dying in the suppression of a rebellion in Byzantine Greece. What if he had...

If Caesar invaded Parthia, how successful would he be? Could he conquer the entire region? How would this affect the future Roman Empire?