@Admiral Matt: I thought about general MacMahon in the 3rd republic. He was a general too, he could've installed another dictatorship - but he didn't. It's a bit like if another general but Napoleon had taken power in OTL France after the directory, who'd believe in the republic.
@Constantinople: Could be you're confusing it with Italy from the Old Chaos TL, which is indeed a united republic since ~1500. TTL Italy emerged from the old republic of Florence, which became a duchy in 1477, a grand duchy in 1575 and was united with the kingdom of Sicily in 1688.
And France... don't forget it was the most populated country in Europe by far, except for Russia (which didn't fight France). In the First Coalition War against republican France IOTL the situation was similar, and France still won.
And since we're in the year 1800, here's the summary:
Summary of the 18th century:
Atlantis: Germans, Italians, Spaniards and English extend their settlements until reaching the Rockies, where they meet the Russians who have spread from Alyeska. After the French Republican Wars, Italy annexes the French colonies and some Spanish islands. German Atlantis declares independency after their home country Denmark-Braunschweig ceases to exist.
Europe: Sweden-Netherlands gives more power to the parliament. After its setback in the anti-French War, France can restore its position somehow. After the death of king Charles X, the country has the estates debate for years about the right heir, which leads to the people declaring a republic when they see that a king-less government is perfectly possible. In the following French Republican Wars, France achieves dominance over Germany and Iberia. For quite some time, general Boulanger governs the country with dictatorical power. Pope loses more influence to the kings, has to flee after the changes in France first to Spain, later to Britain.
Russian lands: The invention of the telegraph spreads from Russia to other Eurasian nations. Vladimir-Suzdal is defeated and divided by Novorossiya and South Russia (Kiev-Chernigov + Dvoryan republics). Serbia and Bosnia gain independence after centuries. Novorossiya expands into Finland, Prussia, Central Asian steppe.
Muslim world: Shiite Persia still becomes stronger, pushes Seljuks back. "New Seljuks" try to reform their state. France again tries to occupy the Sinai, for a connection to India. Egypt becomes independent.
East Asia: France founds the short-lived Indochinese League. Hong China is attacked by its former tributaries, losing some provinces in the South. General Lin Xiaolong uses the opportunity to take power, founding the Ming dynasty. Spain gains influence in Nippon.
Rest of the world: Brits discover Antipodia (OTL Australia). Guinea develops into a state with a Portuguese-speaking mulatto ruling class.
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History of science in the 18th century:
General state of the art:
Western Europe: In Italia Nuova, the equivalent of the "Spinning Jenny" is built. Steam machine invented in Britain by Christian 't Hooft, a fled Dutchman. Several progresses in chemistry, mechanical machines.
Russian lands: Invention of the telegraph leads to an acceleration of science, esp. in the area of electricity (lightning rod, electromagnet, arc lamp).
Islamic World: The orbit of Uranus is studied and the discrepance of its speed noticed (caused by the gravitational influence of Neptune). Towards the end of the century, in Persia the first hot air balloon is built.
India: Kerala school makes yet some more mathematical discoveries at the level of OTL 20th century.
China: Science still stagnates, although some European inventions are still introduced.
Read about [post=1070467]paradigmatic revolutions in Russia[/post]!
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And here's the map for Europe in 1800. Note there's a retcon:
1793: Peace of Frankfurt. Bavaria, Brandenburg-Silesia, Pomerania and Braunschweig (incl. Schleswig-Holstein) are turned into republics too. Denmark proper goes to Sweden. Spain is occupied by France (except Galicia, which goes to Portugal) and divided into the republics of Castille, Asturia and Andalusia. Hungary has to cede the lands of the Czechs and Slovaks, which become the Moravian republic.
Oh, and BTW, I also added a worldmap for 1700, on page 9 of the thread.
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