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3.5 Eastern Europe 1300-50
Eastern Europe 1300-50, and a bit about the rest of the world
Eastern Europe 1300-50:
1300: Teutonic Order moves its headquarter from Venice to Marienburg at the Vistula.
1303-07: Serbian rebellion under Stepan Hrebeljanović. At the end, Hungary has to give them independence. The new Serbia under czar Stepan also includes Bosnia.
1315: Teutonic Order decides to invade Russia.
1319: Young Serbia clashes with the Seljuks in Macedonia, but is defeated.
1320s: In Novgorod, the ushkuiniki (Russian river pirates) don't come into existence, since the stronger Vladimir is too deterring. Instead, the Novgorodians will start to explore Siberia, starting with the Ob river.
1322: Russian princedom of Polozk conquered by Teutonic Order. Parts of the population flee, first to Smolensk, later also to Novgorod, after Smolensk is unwilling / unable to help them. The former princedom is germanized through the centuries, since the Germans still quell to the East. City names in NE Russia like Novopolozk and Nishny Polozk will tell about their wanderings. Polozk itself is later known under the name of Plotzeck.
1323: Serbia invades the crusader states of Epirus and Thessalia, but loses them a few years later again.
1328: Refugees from conquered Constantinople arrive in Russia, settle mostly in Kiev. The city suffers under the loss of trade with Byzantium (it wasn't much left after the resurrection of the Byzantine Empire), but gains importance as a cultural center, thanks to the influx of Byzantine scholars. Later, when a Kievan prince marries a Byzantine noblewoman, and founds schools and libraries to plead her, this will become even more apparent.
1334: Vladimir-Suzdal declares that the metropolitan of Vladimir is the highest authority for Orthodox Christianity. Not everyone agrees with them, though.
1348: Russian princedom of Turom-Pinsk conquered. Similar events: Part of the people flee, end up in Vladimir-Suzdal's sphere of influence, settle in the areas formerly inhabited by Volga Bulgars and Volga Hungarians. Turom becomes the German city of Thurm.
(I've left out various little wars among the princedoms, dynastic marriages, im- and deposing (including murder, sometimes) of princes, and border wars of Russian states with the Teutonic Order, Sweden, Kumans and Volga Bulgars again. Sorry for Western Eurocentrism.)
Rest of the world (Americas, Africa, Oceania) 1300-1400 (same events as OTL):
1300+: Anasazi invade the Chaco-Canyon area, defeat Hohokam.
1303/23: Alexandrian earthquakes which destroys the Pharos of Alexandria
1312-37: Kango / Kankan Musa in Mali, at its height of the power.
1324: Mali Empire gains direct control over the city of Timbuktu. Mansa Musa makes Hajj; when he passes through Cairo in July, he's accompanied by five hundred slaves, each reportedly carrying a six-pound staff of gold. He spends out so much gold that it takes 12 years for the economy to recover, due to the rapid inflation that it initiated.
1325: Founding of Tenochtitlan. Musa returns from hajj; the Sankore Masjid in Timbuktu has been converted into a fully staffed Madrassa (Islamic school or in this case university) and with the largest collections of books in Africa since the Library of Alexandria, financed by a royal lady.
1325-1350: Ibn Battuta makes his famous journeys; first to Mecca (hajj), then to Choresm; after that, a second hajj, following that, East Africa; after that, Mecca again, then Contsantinople and the lands of the Rum-Seljuks, and after that, the Sultanate of Delhi, but never has the opportunity to visit China and SE Asia, other than OTL. He later goes to Muslim Spain and the empire of Mali, though, and still writes about his journeys.
1343: Tepaneks unite the valley of Mexico.
Between 1350-1400: Cahokia abandoned
1360: Civil War in Mali.
1375: Nimi a Nzima, the ruler of Mpemba Kasi makes an alliance with Nsaku Lau, ruler of neighboring Mbata, in which each would guarantee the succession of the other's state in the line of the two rulers making the agreement. The son and heir of this arrangement, Lukeni lua Nimi (often called Nimi a Lukeni) becomes the founder of Kongo around 1400.
1376: The Mexica elect their first tlatoani (=great speaker; means emperor), Acamapichtli. They are a tributary of Azcapotzalco.
1400: Internal struggles and external attacks have torn Kanem-Bornu apart.
~1400: Oranyan founds the Empire of Oyo (in OTL Nigeria).
14th century: Lamu, Malindi in Kenya founded by Swahili.