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Part Thirty-Five: Fighting in the West
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Part Thirty-Five: Fighting in the West

Western Theatre:
The other main Union movements in 1863 occurred in the Western theatre under the movements of the Provisional Texas Army. On July 7th, Juan Seguin and the First Texas Corps began heading northeast from Texarkana. They marched for five days until they met the Confederate Arkansaw Corps on the plains southwest of the town of Hope, Arkansaw. The skirmish went on for much of the afternoon. However, as the First Texas Corps was composed of mostly cavalry and larger than the Arkansaw Corps, it was soon clear to the Confederates that Hope was lost. The Arkansaw Corps retreated to the east and Seguín took the town. Seguín and his men continued northeast on the 15th of July. They kept northeast for another fifty miles until they reached the town of Arkadelphia. While the First Texas Corps took the town easily, they were harassed by citizens of the Confederacy in the hills north and west of the town. It took another three days for the rebels to be rooted out, and the First Texas Corps did not leave Arkadelphia until the end of July. At this point, Seguín pushed the men to reach Little Rock as soon as possible and they reached the edge of the capital on August 8th.

The First Texas Corps entered the city, but two days later Seguín was caught by the Confederate Army of Mississippi coming up from the south. The Army of the Mississippi camped themselves in the hills southeast of Little Rock and cornered the First Texas Corps between those mountains and the Arkansaw River. While they were pinned, Seguín and his men fought bravely in the Battle of Little Rock and after brutal fighting for five days, they managed to push the Army of the Mississippi out of the hills. Another three days saw the Confederate force retreating back across the Arkansaw. After this battle, the First Texas Corps stayed in Little Rock for the remainder of the year and was unable to fully cut the state of Calhoun off from the rest of the Confederate States.

The other main movement by the Provisional Army of Texas during the remainder of 1863 was an attempt to reach New Orleans with naval support and set up a siege and blockade of the city. This attack did not get very far on land, however, due to the marshy terrain in the area. The naval launch was able to get further along before an encounter with Confederate ships in Athafalaya Bay resulted in the ships turning around and going back to Galveston. The Texan Army was able to capture Shreveport in the final months of 1863 though. Additionally, there was more skirmishing around Kansas City between militia forces from both the Union and Confederate sides which resulted in the loss of some ground for the Confederacy.

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