In 1939, American engineer Paul Pleiss had built a vehicle to journey to India with his German colleague. After building the car, they realised they did not have any storage for emergency water. The German engineer had access to the stockpile of jerrycans at
Berlin Tempelhof Airport and managed to take three of them. They drove across 11 national borders without incident until
Field Marshal Göring sent a plane to take the engineer home. The German engineer also gave Pleiss complete specifications for the manufacture of the can.
[8] Pleiss continued on to
Calcutta, put his car in storage, and flew back to
Philadelphia, where he told American military officials about the can. He could raise no interest.
[8] Without a sample, he realised he could not get anywhere. He eventually shipped the car to
New York by a roundabout method, and sent a can to
Washington. The War Department decided instead to use
World War I ten-US-gallon (38 l; 8.3 imp gal) cans with two screw closures, which required both a spanner and funnel for pouring.
[8]
The one jerrycan in American possession was sent to
Camp Holabird,
Maryland, where it was redesigned. The new design retained the handles, size and shape, but is most easily distinguishable from the German original by the simplified 'X' - stiffening indentations in the sides of the can. The US can could be stacked interchangeably with German or British cans. The German recessed welded seam was replaced with rolled seams which were prone to leakage. For fuel cans, the lining was removed and a spanner and funnel were required.
[8] A similar water can was also adopted, with a flip-top lid and enamel lining.
The US-designed jerrycan was widely used by US Army and Marine Corps units. In all overseas theaters, fuel and other petroleum products represented about 50% of all supply needs, measured by weight.
[9] In the European Theatre of Operations alone, over 19 million were required to support US forces by May 1945.
[9]