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Muhammad Ali Pasha died on August 2 1849 and was succeed by his son Ibrahim Pasha[1].Muhammad Ali had taken power of Egypt in aftermath of the Napoleon's withdraw. Being made Wali of Egypt and granted the rank of Pasha. His rule would see attempts to modernize Egypt and a successfully conquest of Sudan. Attempts to aid the Ottoman sultan in crushing the Greek revolution would be fail due to European intervention. Demanding Syria as the price for aiding the Ottoman sultan, would spark the first of two wars with Ottomans. The more modern and experienced Egyptian army rustled the Levant from the Ottomans in 1833 with any move into Anatolia being blocked by Russian forces allied to the Ottomans. The second of the wars with the Ottomans occurred in 1839 with the initial ottoman attempt failing in the battle of Nezib. European powers intervened in 1840 against Muhammad Ali with the desire to maintain the status quo, forcing the him to give up all gains outside of Egypt and Sudan but leaving him with de-facto independence and hereditary rule over the two territories.

Continuing the policies of his father, the system of commercial monopolies would be maintained along with new factories being built[2]. Education would be expand with new schools being set up[2]. In addiction the first Egyptian railroads would be built connecting Alexandria to Cairo along with a connection to Suez. Viewing the Sultanate of Darfur as an easy target due to the it's now blind Sultan[3]. Ibrahim Pasha lead a force of 10,000 against the Sultanate in 1856, successfully conquering the region by the following year. With the Conquest of Darfur Egyptian eyes turned to the lands south of the Sudd.

[1] Ibrahim Pasha doesn't get tuberculosis and doesn't die in 1848

[2] Historical would be halted or abolished by Abbas I

[3] Earlier Egyptian conquest as opposed otl 's conquest in 1874