The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 49th American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. The Union Democratic ticket of Florida Senator Jeb Bush and Cuba Governor Marco Rubio defeated the National Progressives and their candidates, Delaware Senator Joe Biden and former Rio Grande Governor Julián Castro. It was the last U.S. presidential election in which the President was elected by the Electoral College, as opposed to the national popular vote.
Bush quickly emerged as the front-runner in the wide field of Union Democratic candidates, while Joe Biden lead the National Progressive field following the decision of Vice President Bill Nelson not to run. Both nominees picked Hispanic running mates, in an attempt to appeal to what most polls predicted would be the most significant voting group of the election; the campaign centered around economic issues, primarily how best to continue recovery from the financial crisis. Other notable issues were the role of the U.S. in the Americas, concerns about immigration and an ongoing debate about education funding.
Bush held the lead in most polls against Biden, widely seen as an poor candidate, although strong debate performances and a series of valuable endorsements resulted in the race tightening. In the end, the Bush/Rubio ticket won a majority of the popular vote in the election. While the Biden/Castro ticket carried a majority of states and would have won a majority in the Electoral College, the approval of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact by a majority of states led to its entering into force at this election, resulting in all but seven states pledging their electors to Bush. As a result, Bush won one of the largest Electoral College margins in history, and the events of the election are widely seen as prompting the ratification of the 33rd amendment by the required three-quarters of states in 2019, prompting the abolition of the Electoral College for all future presidential elections.