I don't know where to put any of the resources besides maybe coal (wherever forests where in the permian/carboniferous). Any input?
Depends how 'accurate' you want to be.
(1) If you want to be as geologically accurate as possible, you need to look at the geology for each resource.
For example, the
Wikipedia article on Tin lists Cassiterite as the main source mineral;
its page says that it's found 'in alluvial or placer deposits,' is 'widespread minor constituent of igneous rocks' and 'concentrated in high temperature quartz veins and pegmatites associated with granitic intrusives.' So tin resources should be places where there are alluvial/igneous rock landscapes.
(2) If you want a less-labour-intensive but still realistic percentage / location spread, look up the percentage occurrence of each of the resources (for example 'Tin is the 49th most abundant element in Earth's crust, representing 2 ppm compared with 75 ppm for zinc, 50 ppm for copper, and 14 ppm for lead'), use those percentages with a random generator as suggested by
@Falkanner above and compare with general knowledge of where the resources occur on Earth (oil in deserts, low-lying seas, etc).
(3) If you just want a random spread, just use the percentages without worrying about where they end up geologically.
I've just found this thread, so if I'm off-base with how you're doing the world-building overall, I apologise.