While scientifically known as Kepler-452b,
Nieuwvaalia is its common name.
First settled by humans in 2427 as the Trust Territory of the New Vaal, the planet is home to the richest biodiversity of any world in the Inner Colonies, and sustains its native life in equilibrium with introduced Earth species in most areas. The world also birthed one of the first "stone age" races discovered by humanity (First Contact was, luckily, made with a spacefaring species in 2401), dubbed the vaalkvolk by the Terran colonists. Conflict between the paleolithic natives and Terran colonists led to widespread violence and the near-annihilation of the vaalvolk by the mid-2500s. Accusations of genocide marred the settlement efforts, but the issue was decisively brushed under the rug after the feudal lord and proprietor of the colony, Pieter Marten, swore fealty to the new Terran Empire. Created as the first Duke of Nieuwvaalia, Pieter and his descendants would be hereditary governors of the planet for the next six centuries. The Martens were implicated in a conspiracy against the Crown in 3268, after the Duke, his brother, and his brother's family were killed in apparent shootout with fellow conspirators, ending the first dukedom. A second dukedom was created for George Francis Rothschild, the loyal Vice Foreign Minister of the Empire; after the Great War and the dissolution of the Empire, Nieuwvaalia was admitted as a member world of the new Central Galactic Union. While nominally led by the Duke, the government would be a directory of seven Lord Magistrates, relegating the Ducal throne to a symbolic role. This conveniently freed both George Rothschild and his later successor and daughter Hannah to carry out their other federal responsibilities.
Nieuwvaalia is roughly 50% larger than the Earth, but much more dense and massing at 5 Earth masses. Its gravity is a comfortable 1.5 g, considerably lower than originally expected. It is classified as a Type IIb Pelagic Garden world, in that it is dominated by a vast ocean and a warm climate. Geographically, it has one large, snaking continent dotted with large lakes, and coastlines rich in natural harbors and fjords (from a long-ancient glacial period), and millions of islands spread across its enormous world-ocean. Its climate is largely tropical to subtropical, with some tundra in the northernmost and southernmost latitudes. Ice caps cover both poles, though to significantly less extent that those of Earth.
Its highly amenable conditions, combined with its vast natural resources (due to its star's high metallicity), led to a flourishing population and a growing economy. The human population is around 7.75 billion on the world itself, and another 2.5 billion on the planet's two moons (Hartsmond and Krugersmond) and in orbital habitats. The planet continues to be an exporter of industrial resources, as well as a producer of luxury finished goods, and has a significant presence of developed, service-oriented industries such as finance, trade, and retail. Its economy is dominated by light industry, resource extraction, commerce, and agriculture. It is the Inner Colonies' largest exporter of precious and semiprecious stones. For all these reasons it is often thought of as the "Jewel of the Inner Colonies".