alternatehistory.com

--- The Fleak Presidency (1901-1907) ---

FEDS MAKE MINORITY RULE IN HOUSE WITH LIB SUPPORT

FRANKLIN - After months of speculation since now President Fleak was announced as the winner of the 1900 presidential election, an agreement has been reached between the Liberals and Federalists for the position of First Secretary. The Nationalists now have the largest number of seats, 180, followed by the Liberals at 167 and the Federalists at 133. However, no party has the requisite 251 votes for absolute majority. At first, the Liberals had announced that they would try to place one of their own as leader of the House and at the President’s table, but Federalists balked. Many stated flatly that it was time to allow full leadership of the country to pass from the Liberals for a time, especially after so many electoral losses. Finally the Liberals relented, and yesterday afternoon Representative David Helms of Mississippi was voted in as the 22nd First Secretary of the United States, and the first African American to hold such a position.
“Feds Make Minority Rule in House with Lib Support,” Manhattan Gazette, March 20, 1901.

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1900 CENSUS REPORT: 87 MILLION STRONG

FRANKLIN - The Federal Census Bureau announced that the population of the United States is now home to just over 87 million people, with all but three states now having at least 1 million people. New York remains the most populous state with over 6.7 million people, followed closely by Ohio’s 5.2 million. Of the total population, over 14 million now live west of the Mississippi River. The population of Oregon has nearly quadrupled in size since 1880, and is now home to over 2.4 million people.
“1900 Census Report: 87 Million Strong,” Franklin Observer, March 30, 1901.

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RHINE FRONT STALLS

BONN - Despite early French successes, with several individual units reaching the Rhine River last year, the Prussians have successfully pushed the French back away from said river. Now between 30-40 miles to the west, the so-called Rhine Front seems to have stalled. Both sides have started creating massive trenches, “digging-in,” as they call it, trying to prepare for the next enemy advance. There has not been a major breakthrough on this Front in weeks. Prussian commanders are saying that they settling in for the long haul.
“Rhine Front Stalls,” Manhattan Gazette, April 1, 1901.

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IRISH TALKS OPEN IN BALTIMORE

BALTIMORE, MD - Delegates from the United Kingdom and the People’s Republic of Ireland arrived in Baltimore today, greeted by President Fleak and Secretary of State John Phillips, for the opening of talks aimed at bringing the conflict in Ireland to a successful close. In these early stages, the United Kingdom’s delegation is being led by Foreign Secretary Sheldon Price, and the Irish by the People’s Chief Ambassador Thomas Bannon. It is expected, if an agreement is settled upon, that more senior leaders from both countries will travel to Baltimore for the signing.

The big question on the table is what exactly will be the fate of Ireland. Mr. Bannon and the government he represents is asking for nothing less than full independence, breaking all all ties legally linking Ireland to the United Kingdom. Mr. Price has stated that talk of independence for Ireland is not off the table, but it depends upon what conditions such independence would be granted.
“Irish Talks Open in Baltimore,” Brooklyn Standard, May 3, 1901.

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AUSTRIAN REPUBLIC DECLARES FOR BAVARIA/FRANCE

VIENNA - After heated debate in the Austrian National Assembly, delegates voted to declare war on Prussia, in aid of Bavaria’s struggle to maintain independence. Despite the nation’s ardent embrace of republicanism, Austrian nationalists believe it is important for Bavaria to win the current conflict, both out of respect for the long history of close relations between Austria and Bavaria, and also to maintain space between Prussia and Austria. The vote was not unanimous, and it remains to be seen how the declaration of war will be received by the wider public. It is likely, considering the long-seeded animosity between Austria and Prussia, that most Austrians will flock to the colors seeking a chance to settle old scores.
“Austrian Republic Declares for Bavaria/France,” Tex-Deutscher Zeitung (Neu Frankfurt), May 27, 1901.

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BAVARIAN BREAKTHROUGH AT FRANKFURT

FRANKFURT - Infused with the news of Austrian entry into the war, Bavarian and French commanders on the Southern Front launched a massive push near the Prussian city of Frankfurt-am-Main, and after four days of fighting the Prussians retreated north. Bavarian troops marched into the city, and the White-Blue banner was raised above Frankfurt city hall.

The Prussian Embassy in Franklin issued this statement: “The government of His Majesty King Frederick William V is saddened to announce the loss of the city of Frankfurt to Franco-Bavarian forces on July 18, 1901. Prussian soldiers fought bravely to defend the city against the catholic onslaught, but were outnumbered and forced to retreat northward. His Majesty’s government remains committed to the citizens of the city, and promises that the city will be liberated with all deliberate haste.”
“Bavarian Breakthrough at Frankfurt,” Franklin Observer, July 20, 1901.

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BALTIMORE TREATY SIGNED, QUEEN IN ATTENDANCE

BALTIMORE - In a truly historic event, Queen Victoria II arrived in Baltimore to attend the signing of the Baltimore Treaty between the United Kingdom and the People’s Republic of Ireland. This is the first time ever that a British monarch has set foot on American soil, and the arrival of Her Majesty was full of symbolism and historic importance.

The treaty itself grants full independence to the whole of Ireland under the government of the People’s Republic, currently operating in Cork. The treaty requires the newly independent Irish government to hold a constitutional convention to allow for those that had been under British rule the chance to put their mark on the way the country is structured and governed. The document also states that anyone in Ireland wishing to remain a British subject will be granted up to two years to register, get their affairs in order, and be given free passage to Britain. Furthermore, a free-trade agreement was crafted as part of the treaty, allowing the free flow of goods and people between the two countries. Properties owned by the crown are to be sold to the Irish government at a fair price. All private British landholding is to be respected for at least a decade, putting on hold some of the more radical agendas floating around in Irish revolutionary politics. The treaty goes into effect August 1st, 1901, but retroactively acknowledges the date of Irish independence as February 5th, 1900, the date the Cork Rising began, which led to the formation of the current Irish government.
“Baltimore Treaty Signed, Queen in Attendance” Franklin Observer, July 28, 1901.

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QUEEN VICTORIA II VISITS OLD WASHINGTON

GEORGETOWN - Queen Victoria II visited First Capital park on the edge of the city of Georgetown, Maryland today, in a simple yet poignient ceremony with President Fleak, where she apologized for her country’s destruction of America’s former capital city during the War of 1812. The Queen and the President both made remarks at the site of the Capitol Ruins, which were recently relandscaped, adding a paved courtyard where the capitol rotunda likely would have been built. Today, there is a large flagpole that can be seen at least half a mile away, the stars and stripes billowing in the breeze. The Queen presented President Fleak with a plaque to be placed on the grounds of the park commemorating the apology.

Following the ceremony, both leaders briefly toured the park’s museum, before heading to the nearby Washington Hotel (located on the site of the old President’s House) for a formal reception. Hotel owner James P. Roosevelt, a supporter of Fleak, served as host, and his eldest son James Jr., the Governor of Virginia, was in attendance as well.

The Queen plans to pay a visit to the Freedom Triumphant statue in Manhattan before returning to Britain next week. Her Majesty has stated several times that she hopes to cement the bond “between cousins.”
“Queen Victoria II Visits Old Washington,” Brooklyn Standard, July 30, 1901.

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RUSSIANS DECLARE WAR ON AUSTRIA, FORMER EMPIRE

ST. PETERSBURG - The government of Tsar Michael III announced on July 31st that they were declaring war on Austria, in an effort to “protect the slavic people of the former Austrian Empire.” Austria has maintained some form of diplomatic control over some parts of its Empire, and has deployed troops to help keep friendly governments in power. Russia has also maintained a close relationship with the Hohenzollerns, the ruling family of Prussia. With recent progress made by the Austro-Bavarian forces at Frankfurt, the Russian government feels it is its duty to its ally to jump into the fray. With the Austrian Republic now having to divert forces away from the Southern Front against Prussia to the Balkans, Prussia may be able to retake the initiative.
“Russians Declare War on Austria, Former Empire,” Brooklyn Standard, August 1, 1901.

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FBI PROPOSES MASSIVE NETWORK EXPANSION

FRANKLIN - For the first time in nearly 40 years, the Federal Bureau of Improvements has proposed a large expansion of the Federal Road and Rail Network. Director Chance McGovern has proposed the establishment of three new National Roads (the 7th, 8th, and 9th), to be accompanied by rail lines that would be operated by the United States Railway Company. The proposed 7th National Road would start in Fort Calhoun, the capital of Platte, and follow a pre-existing private railway line out to New Charleston, Dixiana. The 8th National Road would start in Chicago, go through St. Louis where it would meet up with the 1st, 5th, and 6th national roads, before continuing across Missouri and into Kanasaw, where it would go through the state capital of Chickasaw, before then going southward and terminate in Prosperity, capital of Jefferson. The proposed 9th National Road would start in Savannah, Georgia, go through Georgia’s state capital at Milledgeville and on up to Atlanta, before turning southwest and head into Alabama, crossing that state and going through its capital, Tuscaloosa, and then cross Mississippi and connect into the 6th National Road at Natchez, Mississippi’s capital. This proposal also calls for spurs to connect the 9th National Road with New Orleans and Biloxi.

It is unclear yet whether Congress will approve the plan that Director McGovern has put forward, but President Fleak has already expressed his support, saying this expansion would serve the needs of a growing nation. There is also increased talk of widening the older national roads, and possibly an effort to pave the roadways nationwide, as autowagens and steamers seem likely to become more than a novelty within the next few decades.
“FBI Proposes Massive Network Expansion,” Brooklyn Standard, September 8, 1901.

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BOMBSHELL IN BRITISH TREASON TRIALS

LONDON - Great Britain has been rocked by new information that came out into the open for the first time during the Treason Trials being held in London. Former Prime Minister Jonathan Bradley confessed to having been part of a successful plot to assassinate the late Queen Victoria I, in an effort to bring an end to the reform movement in Britain that the former ruler championed. While Bradley says he did not come up with the idea, he did go along with the plan. He says former head of the War Office, Benjamin Brown, hatched the plan and went about hiring an Irish national to carry out the deed, so that the government could blame the attack on the Irish and crack down on the Irish People’s Party.

The outcry in this country has been swift and striking. Tens of thousands took to the streets to protest the Conservative Party, and several conservative MPs have announced their resignation from parliament and retirement from public service. As of yet, no comment has been given by Queen Victoria II, or any other member of the Royal Court.
“Bombshell in British Treason Trials,” Boston Eagle, September 20, 1901.

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Communalism was nothing new to Bavaria by the fall of 1901. The writings of Heinrich Schilder, Robert Owens, and Carl Marks were well known (and highly illegal) works that circulated in the working class neighborhoods of Munich, Nuremberg, Passau, and Augsburg. While outlawed, Communalist and Socialist organizations continued to operate throughout the Kingdom. That said, prior to the outbreak of hostilities between Bavaria and Prussia in 1899, only a small percentage of the working class had really bought into these ideas. When the call to arms came following Prussia’s declaration of war, most workers gladly went off to fight for King and Country, and to protect their families.

After two years of bitter fighting, such idealism had faded. Communalists had an open and receptive audience unlike anything they had known before. By the fall of 1901, with food shortages abounding in Bavaria and parts of France, things hit a breaking point. Thousands of workers in Munich and Nuremberg took to the streets to demand an end to the war and relief with food prices and low wages. When police in Munich opened fire on the demonstrators on October 7, 1901, all hell seemed to break loose. Barricades went up, and the workers became revolutionaries. Once word got out of Munich, similar scenes replicated themselves in Passau and Nuremberg. KIng Maximilian III ordered soldiers moved from the front to put down the rioters. He also sent his wife and infant son to stay in Italy. When Queen Geneviève and Prince Georg boarded a train to Rome on October 12, they had no idea that they would never return to Munich.

It would take more than a month to pacify the cities, and during that time the Prussians pressed forward, retaking lost ground, and even taking new territory in some places. If the French hadn’t moved some extra troops from the Rhine Front to the Southern Front, it is possible that Prussia would have won right there. Instead, things stabilized by December, and the war would drag on for nearly two more years.
Adams, Dr. Henry. Oktober Revolution. Franklin: UUS Press House, 2009.

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PRUSSIA RETAKES FRANKFURT

BERLIN - The Prussian government today announced that Prussian forces have reentered the city of Frankfurt-am-Main, taking it back from the Franco-Bavarian forces that have occupied the city since July. Thanks to internal unrest that required the movement of soldiers off of the front lines, the Bavarians were unable to hold the city against the Prussian advances. All along the Southern Front, Prussia has pressed forward. Some of the government ministers in Berlin are hopeful that Prussia can use this momentum to break the stalemate and end the war soon.
“Prussia Retakes Frankfurt,” Franklin observer, November 10, 1901.

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By the Spring of 1902, the Great War had become a war of attrition. Several million soldiers had been killed. Civilians in Bavaria, southern Prussia, and parts of eastern France had also been affected. Food and medical shortages were rampant. Those near the fronts were displaced. In particular, Frankfurt-am-Main was hard hit. The city was home to nearly 400,000 people prior to the war. Nearly half that had been displaced by 1902, after the city had been fought over by the Prussians and Bavarians the year before. Some hoped for mediation and an end to hostilities, but that was not to be.

Both King Louis XIX of France and King Frederick William V of Prussia refused to be the first to “show weakness,” and so the war continued. In the Spring and Summer of 1902, fresh offenses were launched on both the Rhine and Southern Fronts. In the East, Russia continued to advance through Hungary and the Balkans, in some places welcomed as liberators, in areas where non-slavic minorities continued to rule over slavic majorities in the former Austrian Empire. The early relief that the Austrians had been able to send to aide the Franco-Bavarian cause now withered away.

It was in the Spring of 1902 that the Ottoman Empire finally got involved, to its detriment. Fearing Russian expansion into the Balkans, the Ottomans demanded that Russia cease hostilities everywhere but Hungary and Austria and places farther north. Tsar Michael III refused, and the two great Empires were at war. Russia had been modernizing its armed forces ever since the days of Tsar Michael II, and the Ottoman Turks are no match for their northern foe.
Pierce, Dr. Frank. The Greatest War. Franklin: UUS Press House, 1999.

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NATIONAL ROAD/RAIL EXPANSION APPROVED

FRANKLIN - Congress has approved of the McGovern Road and Rail Expansion Act, which established three new National Roads. Construction of the transportation links is expected to take at least a decade, and generate 10s of thousands of jobs nationwide. Dixiana Governor Francis Perriman hailed the passage of the law as a great boon to his state, which has sat off Federal networks since its inception at the edge of the American frontier. The new expansion will link new and growing metropolitan areas both East and West into the existing network of Federally operated roads and rail. The law also called for a gradual widening of all existing National Roads to make it possible to better accommodate the coming use of automated wagons of all varieties as their use becomes more common.
“National Road/Rail Expansion Approved,” St. Louis Times, April 10, 1902.

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James P. Roosevelt (1833-1906), son of Cornelius Van Shaack Roosevelt (1794-1864), helped make the Roosevelt name famous not just in New York, but all of the Northeast. He built a large, diversified empire of banks, real estate, and manufacturing from Virginia to Maine. This growth really took off after the end of the War Between the States, when James P. took over the family business after the death of his father. Roosevelt worked tirelessly with Alexander Hamilton III to help rebuild Manhattan after the island had suffered during the war, and would be one of the key influencers in getting President Littlefield to approve of the Manhattan Act in 1879. In his later life, James P. spent less time in Manhattan, especially after his 1885 purchase of what would become the Washington Hotel in Georgetown, Maryland, built inside the walls of the original President’s House in old Washington City (today a part of District of Columbia Federal Park).

However, it would be his sons, James P. Roosevelt Jr. (1857-1923) and Cornelius Roosevelt II (1861-1944), that would make the family name known to every American. Both brothers entered different forms of public service, and would be involved in most of the great political and social debates of the earliest 20th century, albeit from opposing sides.
Grant, Dr. Petter. The Roosevelts: An American Story. Manhattan: Potter Press, 2001.

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DIXIANA GOVERNOR DECRIES RAIDS

NEW CHARLESTON - Dixiana Governor Francis Perriman has denounced the Texan Federation on their sufferance of lawlessness in the Colorado territory, which borders Dixiana to the south and west. Governor Perriman told the press that, “the Texan authorities have deemed it okay to have no authority present in Colorado. Thieves and wild indians roam free, and raid across the international border, attacking peaceful Dixian homesteaders. And Franklin seems unwilling to do anything about our plight.” There are calls in the state legislature to organize a state militia to go on counter raids into Texan Colorado.
“Dixiana Governor Decries Raids,” St. Louis Times, June 8, 1902.

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BRITISH BREAK GROUND ON NEW PALACE

LONDON - After just over two years since the destruction of Buckingham Palace at the hands of the late Prince Edward in May of 1900, construction has begun on a new palace to serve as the home of the British monarchy. Early last year, a decision was finally reached that called for the recreation of the historic Palace of Whitehall, which was a former home of the monarchy from 1530-1698, when it was destroyed by fire. The plan is for the New Whitehall to be built roughly where the original palace stood, which has required the government to buy some private property in addition to relocating government offices that have been built in that area in the two centuries since Old Whitehall’s destruction. The new palace’s design is based on one originally drawn up for the expansion and redesign of Old Whitehall by royal architect Inigo Jones in the 1630s, though smaller and more modern. The construction is expected to take at least a decade or more to complete.

In the meantime, the Royal Family will continue to reside at St. James’ Palaces for official functions, and also at Kensington Palace. The fate of old Buckingham palace has yet to be decided. While the newer “East Front” of the building that was built between 1847-1850 largely survived the blast, the older core of the residence was not so lucky. The blast in the northeast corner leveled much of the north face of the building, and the subsequent fire gutted the state apartments and much of the south face as well. Royal engineers stated in a report to the British Parliament that the East Front could be shored up and preserved, but the rest of the structure is a total loss. Some are calling for the demolition of the whole site, to have a memorial built there in memory of Victoria I, while others think that the East Front should be saved, and a memorial also included.
“British Break Ground on New Palace,” Brooklyn Standard, August 1, 1902.

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LIBS GAIN SEATS! STILL SHY OF 250 MAJORITY

FRANKLIN - The Liberal Party gained 20 seats in the House in the latest election, and was the only party to have a net gain of seats at all, clearly giving the Liberals momentum going into the spring. Party leaders are hopeful that they can use the momentum to oust Federalist First Secretary David Helms in March. President Fleak would not give a comment on the outcome of the election, other than to say, “this is democracy at work, and we will continue to show the world that democracy works quite well in this great nation of ours.”
"Libs Gain Seats! Still Shy of 250 Majority", Manhattan Gazette, November 12, 1902.

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FIRST WOMAN IN CONGRESS

BOSTON - Meredith Walker, the Liberal candidate for Massachusetts First Congressional District, which includes all of Boston and its suburbs, has won her bid for election, and in so doing, has become the first woman to be elected to the United States Congress. Walker, 36 and an avowed suffragist and champion of the working class, became involved with the suffrage movement in the late 1880s, and worked on several campaigns to help give women the vote. Once that happened in 1900, she reportedly considered running that year, but there was not an open seat so waited to do so until this election.
“First Woman in Congress,” Franklin Observer, November 13, 1902.

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BRADLEY AND CONSPIRATORS HANG

LONDON - Former British Prime Minister Jonathan Bradley and former Secretary of State for War Benjamin Brown, along with 5 other co-conspirators from the so-called “Edward-Bradley Plot,” were hanged today, having been found guilty of high treason and conspiracy against the British Crown. The executions were public, and Queen Victoria II was in attendance. These men were seen as the masterminds of the attempted and nearly successful coup back in 1899, when Queen Victoria I was brutally assassinated by an agent hired by Mr. Brown. Evidence that was presented to the courts suggests that, despite claims to the contrary, Mr. Bradley and late Prince Edward came up with the plan to remove Queen Victoria I and her daughter and put Edward’s nephew Prince Victor on the throne as a puppet from which to rule behind.
“Bradley and Conspirators Hang,” Franklin Observer, December 1, 1902.

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TEXAN PATROL CATCHES DIXIAN PATROL ACROSS BORDER

FT. GAINS, DX - The Texan governor of Colorado Territory filed a formal complaint against the state of Dixiana, after citizens of that state were caught, armed, south of the US-Texas border. According to the documents, three dozen armed Dixians were found 10 miles south of the border, reportedly in pursuit of native tribesmen who they claimed had raided the farming community of McIntire, which is just north of the international border. The Texans are asserting that these raiders were not in pursuit of a band of outlaws, but instead out to enact revenge for a raid that a week ago. Governor Perriman of Dixiana has publicly denounced the complaint as a farce.
“Texan Patrol Catches Dixian Patrol Across Border,” St. Louis Times, Jan 18, 1903.

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Bavarian and French leaders had hoped that the crushing of the October Risings of 1901 had permanently neutralized the Communalist threat. Instead, it galvanized the Communalists throughout Europe. The brutality used by the French and Bavarian army was used as a rallying cry for “the Cause.” And while the 1901 uprisings had been more or less spontaneous, with political agitators merely fanning the flames of raw frustration, what followed two years later was carefully orchestrated. Another factor at work here was that Prussian Communalists had not faced such a brutal crackdown in 1901, and so they were able to help their brethren to the south and west pick up the pieces and regroup.

As the war dragged on, the initial frustrations of the workers continued to simmer and slowly grow. This time, Communalist leaders helped channel that frustration into the planning of an organized rising that would make make 1901 pale in comparison. And this time, there would be a new group to help: the soldiers.
Adams, Dr. Henry. Oktober Revolution. Franklin: UUS Press House, 2009.

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HELMS REPLACED BY GREGORY DOTSON

FRANKLIN - After weeks of negotiations, the House of Representatives has elected the new First Secretary, Liberal Representative Gregory Dotson of New York. The Liberals won the largest percentage of the House with 187 seats, which comes up to 203 when you include the Owenite Caucus, which usually votes with the Liberals in matters of congressional leadership. This was still 47 votes shy of the required 250 majority vote, so some Federalists had to be won over. The Nationalists vowed to reject any overture from the Liberals for support, and held true to that vow to a man. In the end, nearly 70 Federalists gave Dotson their support, making him the 22nd First Secretary of the United States.
“Helms Replaced by Gregory Dotson,” Boston Eagle, March 10, 1903.

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Soon after the success of the ZL-2, interest in rigid airships began to grow in both the Texas Federation and the United States. In 1900, the Texan legislature approved of a plan to set up an exploratory partnership between Zeppelin and the Texan Army, setting up the Texan Air Corps in March of that year. Colonel Hans Diaz, who had flown on the first flight of the ZL-2, was placed in charge, as he had become a huge supporter of the Zeppelin project. By the end of the year, both the ZL-3 and ZL-4 were under construction. The ZL-3 was essentially an improved copy of ZL-2 for use by the Texan military, to be used for scouting in the sparsely populated western territories. The ZL-4 was to be a larger, more experimental craft, but also ultimately to be used by the TAC. As construction went on, the air corps began to train airmen on the ZL-2.

Also in 1900, the Benz-Daimler Motorwerk and the Zeppelin Aircraft Works set up their now famous partnership. From that point on, all Zeppelin airships would be powered by Benz-Daimler engines. The ZL-3 launched in February of 1903, and named the Manuel Ortega. The newest ship is immediately commissioned into the new air corps at an official ceremony in Franklin-on-the-Brazos. The American government began to inquire about the possibility of purchasing a ship as well, and an agreement would be reached by 1904.
Anderson, Dr. Jacob. The Zeppelin Story. Nacogdoches: TU Press, 1999.

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BORDER SKIRMISH BETWEEN TEXANS AND DIXIANS

FT. GAINS, DX - Reports are coming in from southwest Dixiana of a major border skirmish between the so-called Dixian Free Militia and the Texan Colorado Territorial Guard. These early reports indicated that Dixian militiamen went south of the border into the Texas Federation, supposedly in retaliation for yet another raid by natives or outlaws (it is unclear which), and got into a fight with the Territorial Guard. At least 10 Dixians and an unknown number of Texans were killed, dozens more wounded. President Fleak has called out for calm, and asked Governor Perriman to take steps to disarm the frontiersmen who keep crossing the border.

This line from Franklin has been taken very poorly in Dixiana, where it is seen as the President siding with foreign aggressors. No word yet on an official response from the Texan President Johann Vogel, though reports coming from Texas are framing this as an unprovoked attack.
“Border Skirmish Between Texans and Dixians,” Franklin Observer, September 7, 1903.

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REVOLT IN BAVARIA, MONARCH FLEES

PARIS - Demonstrations that started on October 7th to commemorate the second anniversary of the Munich Riots of 1901, where workers took to the streets to demand an end to the war and a lowering of food prices, has expanded into a full scale revolt. On October 9th, the so-called Volkskämpfer, or People’s Fighters, stormed the Residenz in Munich, forcing King Maximillian III to flee, reportedly for Nuremberg. The rebels in the Bavarian capital are calling for all the workers of Germany to rise up and put an end to the 4 years of war. There are scattered reports of Communalists rioting in other cities in Bavaria, Baden, and some eastern French departments as well.
“Revolt in Bavaria, Monarch Flees,” Manhattan Gazette, October 10, 1903.

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COMMUNALISTS RISE UP IN PRUSSIA

BERLIN - Reports from southern Prussia, especially in Hesse and other territories that border with Bavaria, are now confirming that Prussian Communalists have risen in common cause with their counterparts in Bavaria, which has been battling uprisings in Munich and Passau and several other cities for days. So far, the revolts have not spread north, but King Frederick William V is not taking any chances. He has declared martial law, and arrest warrants for known Communalist leaders have been issued.
“Communalists Rise Up in Prussia,” Franklin Observer, October 14, 1903.

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COMMUNALIST MUTINIES IN FRANCE AND BAVARIA

PARIS - Soldiers in both the French and Bavarian armies have started to mutiny, and claim solidarity with the workers rioting in both countries. These men have thrown up their arms against their monarchist rulers and are claiming support for the “international communalist movement.” Despite attempts in Paris to downplay and stifle reports, it appears that much of the border regions with Germany have gone up in revolt, and there is a palpable fear in the French capital that workers here could revolt as well. It is said that the King may be making preparations to leave if things should go so badly. The mass number of mutinies in Bavaria make it seem entirely possible that the so-called People’s Republic of Bavaria might actually overthrow King Maximillian, who has already lost control of his capital at Munich, and much of the south of his country.
“Communalist Mutinies in France and Bavaria,” Brooklyn Standard, November 18, 1903.

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FLEAK IGNORES DIXIANA BORDER CRISIS

FRANKLIN - President Fleak has reportedly refused calls by Governor Perriman to send troops to Dixiana to secure the border. The President told reporters that, “Perriman and the Dixians have largely inflated this crisis themselves. There are those out west that would have us expand our borders at Texas’ expense, and are trying to fabricate a causis belli. I refuse to give in to such trickery.” Governor Perriman, meanwhile, gave a fiery speech in New Charleston demanding federal assistance, and called Fleak out as a spineless Federalist traitor, and made other connotations linking Fleak’s administration back to that of Hugo Brandt, who, while being hailed as a hero in the rest of the country, is largely viewed as America’s greatest traitor.
“Fleak Ignores Dixiana Border Crisis,” St. Louis Times, February 1, 1904.

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On January 19, 1904, exhausted Bavarian Royal Army soldiers surrendered to the Volkskämpfer in Nuremberg, and King Maximilian III was handed over to the communalist authorities of the new People’s Republic. It was a major victory for the People’s Revolution, but it was far from an end to the struggle. Baden and Wurttemberg were both still in the midst of civil war, something that the new government in Munich promised to assist in. And there were revolts farther afield. The People’s State of Hesse was in a fight for it’s life against the Prussian army, Communalist fighters in Austria were on the run, and in France the Armée Populaire, which controlled much of the eastern border regions, was encircling Paris, with King Louis XIX making plans to evacuate to Marseilles
Adams, Dr. Henry. Oktober Revolution. Franklin: UUS Press House, 2009.

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FRANCE AND PRUSSIA CALL TRUCE

BERLIN - Due to continued unrest in both France and Prussia, the two warring powers of Europe have declared a ceasefire that went into effect at 12:00 a.m. European time. The truce will last “for at least three months,” as the two nations battle internal unrest. Prussia already seems prime to achieve this. The risings by the Communalists have been kept to the southwest, centered on Frankfurt-am-Main. There was an attempted uprising in Berlin back in February, but this was put down by brute force.

In France, the situation is more precarious. King Louis XIX fled Paris for Marseilles three weeks ago, and they have yet to even stabilize lines of defense against the so-called “People’s Army,” the fighting force of the self-proclaimed People’s Republic of France, which is being led by prominent French Communalist Jean Marchand. Marchand and his fellow Communalist leaders moved their capital from Strasbourg to Paris on February 20, to great fanfare.
“France and Prussia Call Truce,” Boston Eagle, March 9, 1904.

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BRITISH PASS GRAND REFORM BILL

LONDON - Prime Minister Jason McBride has successfully guided what has been named the “Grand Reform Bill” through the British Parliament. The new law radically reforms the structure of the British legislature. All representatives will be based on the existing British counties, and each county will be granted a minimum of 2 Members of Parliament, but more than 2 based on population. Elections are also to be held every 5 years, the first one to be held next October in 1905. In addition, and more importantly some would argue, is the establishment of universal suffrage for all citizens male and female, 25 years of age and older. The British People’s Party, which McBride heads, has declared this a major victory for the working classes of Britain.
“British Pass Grand Reform Bill,” Franklin Observer, May 4, 1904.

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When the guns of the Great War fell silent in March of 1904, the war was effectively over, though most did not yet realize it. France was utterly consumed by the growing “People’s Revolution,” and could not hope to continue the war. And while Prussia was in a better situation than its enemy, continuation of the war would only feed the flames of revolt. On May 15, a one year armistice was signed between France and Prussia, essentially agreeing to status quo ante bellum. War continued until June between Russia and the so-called Austro-Balkan Alliance. Russia did gain territory, but the Ottomans successfully kept Russia confined to the Black Sea. Most Russians, looking back, say that the human cost of the war ended up outweighing any territorial gains. And indeed, the Russian Empire would spend the next two decades trying to stabilize after the severe strains of the war. Tsar Michael III was largely able to keep a handle on things, but had there been less competent leadership, the monarchy might have been toppled.

All told, some 12 million people were killed after nearly 5 years of fighting, and unknown millions displaced, especially in the southern German states. Frankfurt-am-Main was an utter ghost town, having fallen back and forth between the Bavarians and Prussians, before becoming the center of the ultimately failed Prussian People’s Revolt.
Pierce, Dr. Frank. The Greatest War. Franklin: UUS Press House, 1999.

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DIXIANA GOV CALLS FOR ACTION AGAINST TEXAS

NEW CHARLESTON - After yet another reported outlaw raid from Colorado into Dixiana, Governor Perriman has called for “concerted, deliberate response carried out by the federal government.” This is at least the seventh raid that the Dixiana government has documented. The Texans claim that only two raids occurred, that the others were actually in reaction to raids by Dixians.

President Fleak continues to maintain that the Dixians are in the wrong and need to back down, which has infuriated Nationalists across the West.
“Dixiana Gov Calls for Action Against Texas,” St. Louis Times, July 3, 1904.

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NATIONALISTS MAKE PUSH TO WIN CONGRESS

ST. LOUIS - Led by popular national figures like Dixiana Governor Perriman and Missouri Senator Jacob Chapuis, the Nationalist Party is making a concerted push to take control of the House of Representatives. Perriman and Chapuis and others in the party have decried what they call the “do-nothingness” of President Fleak’s administration. Of course, the House has been controlled by the Liberals since 1903, but Perriman and Chapuis, and others like former First Secretary Rudolph Trapp state that the Liberals have been “in Fleak’s pocket,” when it comes to Western border security. Earlier this year, First Secretary Dotson told reporters in his home state of New York that “the Texas-Dixiana border fight is a self inflicted wound on that state, and there is no way I would approve dragging the whole country into what is effectively a fight by the Dixians to take land away from Texas. Not on my watch.”

Despite such bold pronouncements, many voters are worried that the Federalist leadership at Washington House and Liberal leadership in the Congress are out of touch with the growing Western crisis. In a letter received by the Observer, a long-time Federalist from St. Louis told the editor that, “while I have supported Federalism for as long as I can remember, and think that Dixiana is making this issue bigger than it really is, we should have some real response from Franklin. Maybe President Fleak should send in Federal troops to prevent the Dixians from misbehaving? I’m not sure. But I can tell you one thing, I voted in the primary for a new candidate to unseat our current Federalist candidate that represents St. Louis. And since he lost, I may actually vote Nationalist in November, because our local Federalist is definitely a “do-nothing,” and I can’t support that.”
“Nationalists Make Push to Win Congress,” Franklin Observer, September 9, 1904.

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REDS EXECUTE BAVARIAN KING

VIENNA - Bavarian King Maximilian III, who was captured almost a year ago by the Communalist forces in that country’s civil war when the Royalist forces surrendered at Nuremberg, has reportedly been executed by the new government of the People’s Republic of Bavaria. The nation’s leader, First Chairman Kurt Pruss, announced the execution, saying “the traitor to the Bavarian People, Maximilian Wittelsbach III, who, along with his traitorous wife Genevieve, dragged our peace-loving workers into an unnecessary and disastrous struggle against our northern Imperialist neighbor, was sentenced to death by the Supreme Tribunate of the People, the sentence having been carried out immediately following its pronouncement.” It is reported that Bavaria’s last king was executed by firing squad, and that his body was left on display outside the former royal palace in Munich.

Maximilian’s wife, Queen Genevieve, has been in Rome as a guest of Pope Pius XI since October of 1901, when Munich was first plagued by unrest. It is unclear what she will do now that her husband is dead, though many speculate she will join her father, King Louis XIX of France in Marseilles. Her son, Prince Georg, is the heir to both the French and Bavarian thrones, and it was King Louis’s act of declaring him the heir that touched off this great conflict in the first place.
“Reds Execute Bavarian King,” Brooklyn Standard, October 12, 1904.

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GOV PERRIMAN CELEBRATES NATIONALIST VICTORY

NEW CHARLESTON - The Nationalist Party seems to have pulled off a stunning upset in the House after this most recent election. If all the tallies are correct, the Nationalists will have jumped from 175 seats to 221, making them the largest single party in the House of Representatives, and just 29 seats shy of absolute majority. It is likely that they will try to reinstall Rudolph Trapp as First Secretary when the new Congress is sworn in next March. This also marks the lowest returns for the Federalist Party since 1844, with just 77 seats in the new House. The Liberals fared the storm of the election fairly well, with only a net loss of 3 seats, dropping to 184, but with the Owenites support still have 200 votes.

Governor Perriman of Dixiana, who has become the defacto leader of the Nationalist Party, with rumors swirling about a 1906 presidential bid already, said this to reporters outside the Dixian Governor’s Mansion, “This election has given our party a clear and unmistakable mandate. The people of America want to take our country back from the do-nothings in Franklin. They have sent a clear message to President Fleak that, even though his term has yet to expire, his call to govern has ended. The people are sending fresh, new leadership to our nation’s capital.”
“Gov. Perriman Celebrates Nationalist Victory,” St. Louis Times, November 9, 1904.

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PRESIDENT COLLAPSES

FRANKLIN - Late in the evening, President Fleak collapsed at a dinner at Washington House being held for the newly appointed British Ambassador, Sir Walter Hemsworth. Initial reports given to the press indicate that the president has suffered from a massive stroke and is unconscious. Vice President Landon, who has been home in Alabama tending to a family matter, has been notified of the Commander-in-Chief’s condition, and has already departed for the capital. First Secretary Dotson stated that, if the President had not regained consciousness by the time the Vice President arrived, that Landon would be sworn in as Acting President.
“President Collapses,” Manhattan Gazette, February 19, 1905.

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FRENCH KING LOUIS XIX FLEES FOR CORSICA

MARSEILLES - Three days ago, French Royalist forces were defeated, in devastating fashion, outside the city of Lyons. Those who did not surrender to the Armée Populaire are fleeing southwards towards the Royalist-held city of Marseilles, where King Louis XIX has been since last year. However, with the Royal Army in tatters, it seems unlikely that the French government will be able to hold on much longer. The King and his government are already preparing a flotilla of ships to escort them to the island of Corsica, a French possession in the Mediterranean Sea. The Army went through the island over a year ago and routed out all known subversives, and the territory has become a fortress, a prepared safe haven for the leaders of the French kingdom. This planned flight from mainland France all but sounds the death knell of the French Kingdom as we know it. Rumors coming out of Paris speculate that Communalist leader Jean Marchand will offer a truce to Louis once all of France proper is secured by the new revolutionary state.

It has also been reported, but not definitively confirmed, that King Louis’ daughter, Queen Genevieve of Bavaria, and his heir, the young Prince Georg of Bavaria, who have been in Marseilles since the death of King Maximilian III last October, will not join the King in Corsica, but instead head to Texas to live with Bavarian exiles living there. There is currently a bounty out by the People’s Republic of Bavaria for the capture of both the Queen and her son.
“French King Louis XIX Flees for Corsica,” Boston Eagle, March 1, 1905.

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CONGRESSIONAL UPSET, DOTSON KEPT AS FIRST SECRETARY

FRANKLIN - In a surprise move, likely motivated by the incapacitation of President Fleak last month, the Liberals, Owenites, and Federalists banded together to prevent popular Nationalist representative Rudolph Trapp from becoming the new First Secretary. Instead, Gregory Dotson has been confirmed for another two year term. Nationalists across the nation are outraged, calling the move a clear crime against the mandate the party received in the November election. Governor Perriman of Dixiana said that, “the action taken by the opposition members in Congress [by which he means the Liberals and Federalists] is nothing short of a criminal miscarriage of the will of the people. America made the Nationalist Party the largest party in the House during the last election, and early negotiations had already been afoot to give our party it’s rightful place in leadership in Franklin. We’ve been stabbed in the back by supporters of the Negro-in-Chief, Peter Landon. And mark my words, we will not forget this treachery.”
“Congressional Upset, Dotson Kept as First Secretary,” Brooklyn Standard, March 10, 1905.

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PRESIDENT FLEAK DEAD, VP LANDON TO TAKE OATH

FRANKLIN - Washington House announced late yesterday afternoon that President Alexander Franklin passed away. The President suffered a stroke just over a month ago on February 19th, and never regained consciousness. Vice President Peter Landon, who has been serving as Acting President since Fleak’s incapacitation, will reportedly be sworn in tomorrow morning in a quick and solemn ceremony in the chamber of the House of Representatives, where he will then make a few remarks before a special joint session of Congress. Already, a national state of mourning to last 120 days has been declared by the Acting President. Black bunting was already visible at several government offices in the nation’s capital, and flags are flying at half-mast. There has been no official comment made yet by Washington House or the President’s family as to any funeral plans, though such plans were put in place shortly after President Fleak’s stroke last month.

Landon’s elevation to the Presidency, while under the most tragic of circumstances, is also quite historic. This will mark the first time that a member of the African race will hold the Presidency. Some welcome this milestone, while others, especially out West, are anything but supportive. There has been reports circulating that some members of the Nationalist Party, especially those from Dixiana, may not attend the oath taking ceremony.
“President Fleak Dead, VP Landon to Take Oath,” Brooklyn Standard, March 22, 1905.

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LANDON TAKES OATH, SOME DIXIANS WALK OUT

FRANKLIN - Peter Landon, elected Vice President in 1900, entered the chambers of the House of Representatives at just before 9:00 am this morning. The room was packed to capacity, with members of both Houses of Congress in attendance, and special dignitaries and other officials filling the galleries. Upon coming to the center of the room, all eyes on him and everyone standing, Landon approached the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Matthew Rogers, to take the oath of office. At just after 9:08, Landon became the first black President of the United States. Shockingly, but not surprisingly, all but two members of the Dixiana Congressional delegation walked out of the hall just as Landon raised his right hand to take the oath.

Following the oath-taking, the newly sworn in President took to the Speaker’s lectern to give a short address, lasting only 15 minutes. In it, he said, “America has suffered a great tragedy in the loss of President Fleak, and I am but a humble servant of this nation, who will by the grace of God Almighty do my best to fill his shoes. There is a great many tensions and divisions in this great country of ours, and it is at times like this that we must bury the hatchet and strive to move our nation forward together as one people.”
“Landon Takes Oath, Some Dixians Walk Out,” Franklin Observer, March 23, 1905.

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By the time Peter Landon wound up President of the United States after the untimely death of President Alexander Fleak in the early Spring of 1905, it was likely too late to prevent the coming conflict, although few understood that at the time. Dixana’s Nationalist Party leaders talked defiantly about the government in Franklin, using language that sounded openly rebellious at times, as if the Western border state was its own republic. By the summer of 1905, the Dixiana State Militia, a state-sanctioned organization aimed at protecting the frontier with Texan Colorado, was already 20,000 men strong and growing almost daily. President Landon decried the militarization of the region, and asked the Justice Department to look into any legal way to shut down the fighting force, to no avail. In August, nearly 1,000 men headed southwest into Colorado as a show of force. Congress was deadlocked on most issues unless it related to Texas, in which case the Liberals and Federalists were able to come together to block any Nationalist action to try and move the country towards all-out war.

In Texas, President Johann Vogel tried to work towards a peaceful solution to the crisis, but knew that war might be a likely outcome. To that end, he dispatched his Foreign Minister, Manuel Jimenez, to work out a defence agreement between Texas, California, and Mexico. Such an agreement, known as the Trans-Mexican Alliance, was signed by all three nations in the fall of 1905. The TMA stated that an attack on any member nation was an attack on all nations.
Underwood, Dr. Horace. Dixiana and the Texan Crisis. Brooklyn: NYSU Press House, 2007.

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PEACE IN EUROPE

BRUSSELS - After over six years of conflict, the Great European War is now officially over. The Kingdom of Prussia, the Kingdom of France, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Austria, the People’s Republic of France, and the Union of People’s Republics (formerly the three separate states of Bavaria, Baden, and Wurttemberg) have all signed the Treaty of Brussels, which formally brings the war to a close. This is the first formal recognition of the revolutionary republics that were born from this conflict. The treaty is a confirmation of the armistice signed between the French Kingdom and the Prussians last year, which established status quo ante bellum for Prussia and France. The new treaty confers the territory of the Kingdom of France to the People’s Republic of France, minus Corsica, which remains under Royalist French control. Prussia recognizes the independence of the new Communalist state made up of the former south German states. Austria agrees to recognize the territorial gains made by the Russians in the Balkans.
“Peace in Europe,” Franklin Observer, September 1, 1905.

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TEXAS ISSUES CALL FOR TALKS

FRANKLIN-ON-THE-BRAZOS - Texan President Vogel has sent envoys to Franklin to meet with President Landon and members of the administration, hoping to descalate the growing crisis on the frontier between Colorado and Dixiana. President Landon is said to be hopeful that an agreement can be reached. Detractors in Congress and the press say that the choice to exclude Governor Perriman, or any senior leader from Dixiana, will lead to the talks failure. Perriman himself stated, “at this point, anything less than Texas surrendering portions of Colorado where the bandits and natives are hiding out will be unacceptable to the people of Dixiana, and will not be honored.” It is unclear at this point exactly what President Landon’s administration plans to offer Texas in order to ease the crisis, or vice versa.
“Texas Issues Call for Talks,” Franklin Observer, October 9, 1905.

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In the end, the so-called Franklin Talks broke down because of lack of involvement from those on the ground in Dixiana and Colorado, and an unwillingness by President Landon and the leadership of the Federalists and Liberals to take the harsh steps necessary to really end the conflict. And really, anything short of martial law and a disbanding of the Dixiana Militia was not going to fix things. President Vogel of Texas understood this, but was unable to get Landon onboard with the idea. He was even wary about sending any troops at all to the border region, something even people in his own party started to disagree with him about. In the end, by December of 1905, the talks had broken down and the Texan envoys had returned home empty handed. In a memo sent out to the Defense Ministry dated December 20, 1905, President Vogel instructed the Texan Armed Forces to prepare for full conflict, and be ready to be on a war footing in 6 months or less.
Underwood, Dr. Horace. Dixiana and the Texan Crisis. Brooklyn: NYSU Press House, 2007.

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PERRIMAN DECLARES CANDIDACY

NEW CHARLESTON - In a fiery speech decrying the ineptitude of the “continuation of the Fleak Presidency,” Governor Francis Perriman of Dixiana has announced his candidacy for the Presidency, which was by this point a foregone conclusion. Perriman has been one of the key leaders nationally for the Nationalists, and has been calling for a declaration of war on Texas, which he believes has refused to properly govern its frontier regions, creating a territory of lawlessness that continues to spill into Dixiana. Perriman is wildly popular within his party and is expected to have no problem securing the nomination.
“Perriman Declares Candidacy,” St. Louis Times, January 2, 1906.

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SEN. ROOSEVELT ENTERS RACE FOR WASHINGTON HOUSE

MANHATTAN - The popular Manhattan Senator, Cornelius Roosevelt II, has announced his intention to run for President on the Liberal Party ticket this fall. Roosevelt is the son of famous Manhattan businessman James P. Roosevelt, whose older son James P. Roosevelt Jr. is currently serving in the Army and recently made the rank of General. The two Roosevelt brothers are on opposite ends of the political spectrum, as James P. Jr. is seen as a likely supporter of Governor Perriman and the Nationalist ticket.

Senator Roosevelt is promising to act decisively to end the crisis on the frontier, and to help repair the relationship with Texas and California, in addition to continued support for social justice reform.
“Sen. Roosevelt Enters Race for Washington House,” Brooklyn Standard, January 9, 1906.

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DIXIAN MILITIA RAIDS TEXAN TOWN OF NEU MAINZ

NEW CHARLESTON - Over 1,000 Dixian troops defiantly marched south into the Texan state of North Texas, and raided the town of Neu Mainz, a settlement of about 10,000 people. Hundreds are reportedly dead, and the raiders left untold property damage in their wake as well. Presidential candidate Francis Perriman, the Governor of Dixiana, stated that the management of the Militia is being handled by his Lt. Governor, Mike Harrington, and that if the attack occurred at all then it must have been justified. Both President Landon and Liberal candidate Senator Roosevelt have called out the Governor for implicit approval of an attack on Texas. Roosevelt also continued his political attacks on President Landon, going so far as to say that the President used the death of President Fleak for his own personal benefit, and the benefit of his own race, at the expense of the American nation as a whole. Roosevelt promises to disband the Dixiana Militia if elected, essentially promising a fight that could devolve into another civil war.
“Dixian Militia Raids Texan Town of Neu Mainz,” Franklin Observer, June 3, 1906.

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The election of 1906 was one of the most bitterly fought campaigns of American history. Never had it seemed like so much hinged on an election before. On the one hand, the reelection of President Landon, the nation’s first black President, would likely lead to continued defiance by the state of Dixiana, and likely war with Texas. If Dixiana’s governor Francis Perriman and his running mate, Missouri Senator Jacob Chapuis, won the election, war with Texas was a foregone conclusion. It would likely happen within days of Perriman moving into Washington House. And if Senator Cornelius Roosevelt II and running mate Patrick Hannah, Governor of Massachusetts, won the election, it would almost certainly to conflict between the US Army and the Dixiana Militia, in other words a defacto state of civil war.

When the polls closed and the votes were counted, the nation was in for a shock. Governor Perriman had won the most electoral votes, receiving 246, followed by Roosevelt’s 237. Neither man had received the requisite 292 votes for an absolute majority. This made President Landon kingmaker. He knew he could not hope to convince Roosevelt to support him. The campaign had been bitter, and Roosevelt had called out Landon’s perceived inaction, and also questioned the legality of Landon running for a second term (the Supreme Court had ruled that Landon could run, since he had served less than two full years in office, not even 1/3rd of Fleak’s original term). It had been an ugly race between the two of them. In the end, Landon would have to chose between Perriman and Roosevelt, between war with Texas and a potential civil war. In the end, despite the fear that in so doing the country would tear itself apart, Landon sided with Roosevelt. The announcement was made in front of reporters in the grand reception hall of Washington House on November 21st. Both Perriman and Roosevelt were in attendance, neither one having been informed of the President’s choice beforehand. Perriman had sat smuggly in the front row, sure that Landon would pick him since he had secured the most votes. When Perriman said Roosevelt’s name, Perriman stood up at first thinking he’d heard his own. When it dawned on him what he’d actually heard, he let fly a string of obscenities as he stormed out of the room. By the end of the year, Dixiana would be in full rebellion. Roosevelt actually moved from Manhattan to Franklin in early December to work in consultation with President Landon to start handling the crisis in Dixiana and on the border with Texas as quickly as possible.
Adler, Dr. Karen. The Vote for War or Rebellion: The Election of 1906. Franklin: UUS Press, 2006.

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REBELLION IN THE WEST

NEW CHARLESTON - Upon hearing that Dixiana Governor and Nationalist Party Candidate Francis Perriman was denied the Presidency, the state of Dixiana acted almost immediately to stage an all out rebellion against the Federal government. With over 30,000 men in the state’s militia who have been patrolling (and raiding across) the border with Colorado and North Texas, this is not an idle threat. When Governor Perriman stormed out of Washington House on November 21st, the first thing he did was wire his Lt. Governor in New Charleston telling him of the news. The Lt. Governor then sent out word to the militia to be prepared for action. The legislature was then given a summons to convene on December 1st.

That meeting took place early this morning, and Governor Perriman gave a fiery tirade of an address, where he claimed, “America’s democracy is officially broken, something we’ve long known in Dixiana, but confirmed last month by the usurpation of the people’s democratic voice by that Negro holding the Presidency hostage. He’s given his electors to that radical Communalist Roosevelt, and any hope that we could save this country have since been snuffed out.” The governor then called on the legislature to vote on a declaration of independence from the United States, a motion that carried unanimously. As of 12:00 noon, the Stars and Stripes no longer fly over the Dixiana State House.

There has been no response yet by either President Landon or President-Elect Roosevelt, but one is expected shortly. Those close to the President-elect say that he will not tolerate this action, and will put pressure on Landon to act now, and not wait for the transition of power in March.
“Rebellion in the West,” Franklin Observer, December 1, 1906.

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FINALLY finished with this section. Between work and the home remodel, it seemed like this update was never-ending.

Hope you enjoy! Look forward to comments and critiques, as always.