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With the last Grande Armee offensive against Austria in May 1829 being defeated due to the Russian victory on the Oder and the defection of many German statelets to the Seventh Coalition, Napoleon II lost control of the territories to the east of the Rhine under his control by November 1829 as the river was crossed and the Netherlands revolted from Napoleon's control. Finally, the Seventh Coalition marched from Rotterdam to Karlsruhe and entered France by January 1830.

In a last series of offensives, the French Grande Armee launched counterattacks that drove the Russians off Rheims in February-March 1830. However, the Grande Armee was only able to attack for a few days before the Seventh Coalition [reinforced by released Prussians] attacked and halted the attacks on the Aisne. To the south, an attempt by the French Mediterranean Fleet to escape was halted and the subsequent surrender of Toulon led to southern France under Coalition and French Royalist control. When the offensive was resumed in the south by May 1830, the French Army defending the area could only retreat as the Seventh Coalition threatened the French Army with encirclement, resulting in its retreat and the siege of Paris.

Over 30 May to 30 August 1830, most of the French Army facing the Seventh Coalition was involved in the defence of Paris as this was the period the city was besieged. An attempt by the French Army's right flank to counterattack the advancing Seventh Coalition Armies was halted as deceptions convinced the corps involved that they were under threat and the corps simply advanced pointlessly to the Marne, only to retreat after the siege of Paris began. This was known as the Battle of the Marne and occurred from 20 May to 5 June 1830. After the offensive's cancellation, the dejected troops moved to positions south of the Seine and prepared to relieve Paris. It might have succeeded had it been not for the deployment of several heavy British guns that halted a relief attempt on 10 July, and the presence of these guns made it impossible for the French Army to exploit any opportunity at relieving Paris.

Although there was a chance that peace might be in place with the Napoleonic Empire surviving even as late as November 1829, with terms allowing Napoleon II to stay in power in France up to as late as March 1830 provided France retreated to its 1790 borders, ceded its colonies and some border regions and reduced its military size, by this time, the only option available to France was now its unconditional surrender to the Seventh Coalition, with a restoration of the king as head of state being the only choice awaiting. In this situation, republicans, revolutionaries, Bonapartists and nationalists plus the trapped people of Paris were united in waiting for their imminent fate to come, even if execution or extradition and a decade or more of imprisonment was the most likely outcome for them, which occurred to most of the first four aforementioned groups in this sentence.

After three months of bombardment and subsequent starvation, the French Army attempted to breakout to relieve Paris, only to be destroyed. Finally, the troops in Paris, mostly being inexperienced, broke out and were defeated off the Seine on 1 September 1830. However, as the capital city was under fire, the French Army in Paris had to immediately surrender to the advancing Prussians. But, there was no mercy for the French troops as they had to immediately surrender at the sight of flames while the Prussians vented their anger against the French who surrendered with threats and murder that had to be restrained. Nevertheless, a few of the the French outside Paris did welcome the Coalition into their homes thanks to what Napoleon and his son did to France with their wars of 27 years, albeit a minority while the citizens in Paris suffered.

After the siege, the last pockets of Napoleonic resistance were cleared by the Seventh Coalition and the French Royalists, with the last pocket at Lyons entered by 5 December 1830. With this, the Napoleonic Wars were over after 27 years, 6 months and 17 days. By the time, Napoleon II was in captivity and would be later transported to exile in St. Helena, where he would die in 1835. However, peace was to be settled by treaties and counterinsurgency operations, plus the issues of supplying a war and cholera devastated Europe had to be settled. In the first few months of 1831, rebellions by ethnic groups seeking their independence or political rights and between those at different ends of the political spectrum and wanting to seek revenge and old scores being settled had to be ended. In the end, Prussian, reactionary and royalist French rampage against civilians was such that the Seventh Coalition had to issue ultimatums to stop the chaos that resulted and to treat the French [unless found guilty of political or criminal charges] to be treated as being liberated people and not as subjects of the Coalition powers, waiting to be abused with crimes. Ultimatums were also issued to the French population to comply with the orders of the Seventh Coalition and the new French kingdom or face repraisals and punishment such as a temporary denial of basic food and medical supplies, which reduced the effectiveness of insurgencies.