And how about the National Anthem?, the Coat of Arms or Seal? and what happened to the Philippines, it is still part of Spain or Carolina or other Europeans or Asian countries or Uncolonized?
Bahia de Todos los Santos: Spanish Colonization of the Mid-Atlantic
- Thread starter Malta
- Start date
So in the Next Century Who will gain Alaska from Russian Empire either it's Carolina or Virgina or Become Independent
Haven't decided yet but I think an upcoming war will be the perfect chance to get one.
The Coat of Arms is similar to the Oak Tree that was part of their Coat of Arms as a Viceroyalty through it does drop the iconography of the Monarchy it keeps St Andrew's Cross.
Like OTL it is still part of Spain.
Undecided yet. Got to see where the Butterflies take me. It could be either one. Depends if Russia sells it or if it is taken by force.
So in the 21st Century, the Carolina is the World Superpower or not?, There is George Bush or not or Jorge Bush, is there is NATO or not?
About if will, become in a great or greatest world power If well, it's something earlier for can be stated (Carolina still its giving hers 'first steps' than an independent nation) undoubtedly has the potential about the rest... remember the butterflies!
Last edited:
Now in 21st Century, Nouvelle-Rochelle is now part of Carolina, Carolina is now global Superpower, Carolina gains Philippines and There is a Hollywood or not? Sometimes it's a butterflies, remember First Cities to Have More Skyscrapper similar to OTL New York is Bahia or Boston or Nouvelle Rochelle? Any Answers to Me?
Hah, getting way ahead of things for now. Probably still Nouvelle Rochelle as it is going to be a shipping magnet.
Now I'm not answering any more questions beyond what's going to happen by 1850.
I wonder if Carolina could ever get into a conflict with its non-Spanish neighbors or even try to take territory from them.
WELL there is the "Misisipi" War with Virginia Coming up...
I'll be back in the US this Wednesday and I already have a few ideas I want to cover.
- Crypto-Jews and Moriscos in Carolina.
- Toward Industrialization and Economic impact of Independence.
- The Conference of Caracas.
- The 2nd Convention of Roble.
Marranos in Carolina
Marranos in Carolina
The history of Crypto-Jews or more commonly, Marranos, goes back to the very foundation of Carolina itself. Due to the persecution of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain a significant number of secret Jews or recently converted Jews traveled across the Atlantic to the New World. In the early days of the 16th Century these communities sprang up of course on Cuba and Santo Domingo, the two-principal island-colonies of Spain at the time frame. Hundreds if not thousands of Jews took the opportunity to be on the fringe of Spanish authority to practice their faith in secret. While migration to Spain’s New World colonies was officially restricted those, who made the journey across managed to find ways around the system in place, from impersonation, forged documents, and bribery. The illegal smuggling ring to the New World would be targeted on and off by Spanish secular and inquisition authorities.
The third wave of settlers to Santa Maria in May 1527 contained at least five families of Marranos, de Ayllon and his associates were aware of their presence but with the settlement already bleeding money they were happy to take backers. One of which was the Gonzalo Correa, a tanner and leather maker who helped supply many of the crafted goods that kept early relations with the natives friendly. Beyond the first few early families, immigration to Carolina by Marranos either from Spain or elsewhere in Latin America was tepid at best for many years. Primarily, Marranos moved to Prometeida as farmers. It was only in the mid-17th Century after de Soto’s reign, after the settler populations had begun to move farther inland that a new wave of “Marrano” immigrants moved into Carolina.
This new wave of Jewish immigrants actually did not arrive directly from Spain, in fact they were primarily from the Netherlands. With the end of the Eighty Years War and Nouvelle Rochelle joining the United Provinces Jewish immigrants flocked to Nouvelle Rochelle where they were met fairly cool by the Huguenot settlers. While both were enemies of Catholic monarchs prejudices existed and it would take the social phenomenon of Holland’s social contract of toleration to see the Huguenots and Jews live side by side-especially in the face of the English to the North and Spain to the south. From Nouvelle Rochelle new communities of Jews entered Carolina where they were referred to as “Marranos”. Often as traders and craftsmen many of which were the descendants of Jews who had fled from Spain. However, communities did begin to pop up on the frontier, more often the result of Jewish traders and fur trappers joining Indio communities and forming Marrano-Mestizo villages on the Carolinian frontier.
The Spanish Inquisition was by the large only faintly felt in Carolina for most of its history, maintaining offices in Bahia the Spanish Inquisition was more focused on countering Protestant literature from Nouvelle Rochelle and ensuring orthodoxic practices among the Carolinian secular clergy. However, there were at least several trials relating to the discovery of secret Jews in Carolina which involved punishments from forced baptism to execution.
By the time Carolina secured independence there were several thousand Marranos living in Carolina, the initial Sephardic majority becoming upset with an influx of Ashkenazi Jews from the Netherlands and Central Europe. The Marrano community in Carolina largely fought for independence joining the Comuneros against the persecutions of the Wittelsbach government. Ramon Sid, approached the Convention of Roble with support, helping finance the Convention from contacts in Nouvelle Rochelle and as far east as Persia. The only historical example of a wartime contribution by a purely Marrano force in the war was a part of several skirmishes with Royalists south of Chattanooga, a Marrano-Mestizo community drove out several Royalist holdouts along the Misisipi, the Battle of Fort San Fernando being the last and most notable for being the future site of the capital of Carolina.
The history of Crypto-Jews or more commonly, Marranos, goes back to the very foundation of Carolina itself. Due to the persecution of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain a significant number of secret Jews or recently converted Jews traveled across the Atlantic to the New World. In the early days of the 16th Century these communities sprang up of course on Cuba and Santo Domingo, the two-principal island-colonies of Spain at the time frame. Hundreds if not thousands of Jews took the opportunity to be on the fringe of Spanish authority to practice their faith in secret. While migration to Spain’s New World colonies was officially restricted those, who made the journey across managed to find ways around the system in place, from impersonation, forged documents, and bribery. The illegal smuggling ring to the New World would be targeted on and off by Spanish secular and inquisition authorities.
The third wave of settlers to Santa Maria in May 1527 contained at least five families of Marranos, de Ayllon and his associates were aware of their presence but with the settlement already bleeding money they were happy to take backers. One of which was the Gonzalo Correa, a tanner and leather maker who helped supply many of the crafted goods that kept early relations with the natives friendly. Beyond the first few early families, immigration to Carolina by Marranos either from Spain or elsewhere in Latin America was tepid at best for many years. Primarily, Marranos moved to Prometeida as farmers. It was only in the mid-17th Century after de Soto’s reign, after the settler populations had begun to move farther inland that a new wave of “Marrano” immigrants moved into Carolina.
This new wave of Jewish immigrants actually did not arrive directly from Spain, in fact they were primarily from the Netherlands. With the end of the Eighty Years War and Nouvelle Rochelle joining the United Provinces Jewish immigrants flocked to Nouvelle Rochelle where they were met fairly cool by the Huguenot settlers. While both were enemies of Catholic monarchs prejudices existed and it would take the social phenomenon of Holland’s social contract of toleration to see the Huguenots and Jews live side by side-especially in the face of the English to the North and Spain to the south. From Nouvelle Rochelle new communities of Jews entered Carolina where they were referred to as “Marranos”. Often as traders and craftsmen many of which were the descendants of Jews who had fled from Spain. However, communities did begin to pop up on the frontier, more often the result of Jewish traders and fur trappers joining Indio communities and forming Marrano-Mestizo villages on the Carolinian frontier.
The Spanish Inquisition was by the large only faintly felt in Carolina for most of its history, maintaining offices in Bahia the Spanish Inquisition was more focused on countering Protestant literature from Nouvelle Rochelle and ensuring orthodoxic practices among the Carolinian secular clergy. However, there were at least several trials relating to the discovery of secret Jews in Carolina which involved punishments from forced baptism to execution.
By the time Carolina secured independence there were several thousand Marranos living in Carolina, the initial Sephardic majority becoming upset with an influx of Ashkenazi Jews from the Netherlands and Central Europe. The Marrano community in Carolina largely fought for independence joining the Comuneros against the persecutions of the Wittelsbach government. Ramon Sid, approached the Convention of Roble with support, helping finance the Convention from contacts in Nouvelle Rochelle and as far east as Persia. The only historical example of a wartime contribution by a purely Marrano force in the war was a part of several skirmishes with Royalists south of Chattanooga, a Marrano-Mestizo community drove out several Royalist holdouts along the Misisipi, the Battle of Fort San Fernando being the last and most notable for being the future site of the capital of Carolina.
Part 35 – The Conference of Caracas and New Independence
Part 35 – The Conference of Caracas and New Independence
With Spanish desires for peace and to extricate itself from what was perhaps one of the greatest military quagmires in world history negotiations between the Spanish Kingdom and the various new states were conducted at various locals. The reason for this was that the Spanish did not want to deal with their wayward colonies as a whole but to hopefully instead gain some advantage from separate negotiations.
For Carolina and Mexico their negotiations were held in Nouvelle Rochelle, for the Central Americans it was in Havana, for the South Americans (including the Granadans, the Venezuelans, Quitoians, Llaneros, Peruvians, Chileans, and Platans) various peace meetings ranged from Sao Salvador (Bahia) to islands on the Greater Antilles or again Havana.
Despite, this a united effort by the various governments of the new Spanish-Americano states did arise in the summer of 1808 in what would be known as “The Conference of Caracas”. The Conference of Caracas was the work of Pan-Unionista efforts across the whole of Spanish America. The Unionistas, a group of proto-nationalist politicians and thinkers influenced by the Age of Enlightenment who prior to the Wars of Independence lobbied for independence from Spain and the total unification of Spanish America. They sought for the total unification of all of the Spanish-Americano peoples into a super state, seeing all Americanos as the evolution of both Indio and European societies (only a few groups acknowledged the contribution of the Africans) and thereto distinct and in some ways superior.
Depending on the faction they varied in how this Union would come about, either as a single kingdom or republic, perhaps a federation, or even just an alliance of nations not unlike a league of nations. The most radical of their number called for the invasion of Spain to be subjugated as a colony.
As could be seen the Unionistas composed of various supporters at all different levels of the new governments and different points of the political spectrum. Alfonso de Santamaria, President of the Roble Convention himself was a Unionista though his views changed through his life, becoming less radical as time went on. The newborn nation states sent several representatives to the Conference, to both explore the possibility of total union and other matters of foreign policy.
The new nations discussed the issue of greater unification or a united front in a main forum but while the representatives met in the common forum often there were side meetings between specific states that ran parallel discussing more local concerns. For Carolina, the focus was largely toward their Caribbean facing cousins (Venezuela, Llarno, Central America and Nuevo Granada). They had already close and common cause with Mexico that such affairs specific between the two nations were discussed in Nuevo Cadiz separately, in Caracas they hoped to look for a united front.
The number one issue of course concerning that Spain still maintained control of not just Cuba but also Puerto Rico in the Caribbean. This posed a military concern for all of the Caribbean nations, it was feared that perhaps in the future once Spain had dealt with France they would use these islands a springboard to attempt another Reconquista. Considering Spanish tenaciousness this was not unbelievable, especially the thought that a 5th column could attempt to invite the Spanish or even one of the more royalist nations would join Spain (Peru being the most cited example, as they had remained staunchly Royalist until the request for peace from Spain when conveniently a ‘local’ Junta had seized power and also declared independence). In the concern of Spain all the nations agreed on a common doctrine, the Caracas Doctrine, that all of them would not stand for not just Spanish but any European intervention in the Americas.
This was all that they agreed upon. Naturally, thoughts moved on toward ‘liberation’ of Cuba and Puerto Rico and of course who would administer these islands. Mexico and Venezuela were the chief proponents of invasion but disagreed on administration-Carolina backed Mexico (the two nations even drawing up a secret agreement that could possibly include the administration of the Cayman Islands and Jamaica should they go wayward) while New Granada backed Venezuela. Central America and Llarno disagreed on any action being taken place or that the islands should govern themselves.
This disunion would lead to none of the involved parties leading an invasion of Cuba or Puerto Rico- at least for the time being. It also highlighted a concern for Mexico and Carolina in the New Granadans. The Central American representative-representing the Republic of Central America- brought to the attention of Mexico and Carolina that the New Granadan representative had made several very assertive inquiries into the future of the states of Central America and was very keen on pitching that they should join with New Granada. This was ill-received by the Carolinian and Mexican representatives and to blunt New Granada pushing north they promised aid to the Central Americans.
This was not a distinct trend to these nations, but very soon would become apparent in negotiations with all of the new Spanish-Americano nations as they jockeyed for dominance and argued over borders or resources. The dream of the Unionistas for a central Spanish-Americano nation would be frustrated by regional rivalries and the birth pangs of these new nations. In the coming century attempts for total unification would be fought for with guns instead of words. While the dream of a unified Spanish-America would be dashed, the Conference of Caracas would still lead for a groundwork of cooperation between the Spanish-Americao states, being a predecessor to the Alliance of American States, a pan-American organization geared toward the mediation and solidarity between not just Spanish-Americano but all nations in the Western Hemisphere.
With Spanish desires for peace and to extricate itself from what was perhaps one of the greatest military quagmires in world history negotiations between the Spanish Kingdom and the various new states were conducted at various locals. The reason for this was that the Spanish did not want to deal with their wayward colonies as a whole but to hopefully instead gain some advantage from separate negotiations.
For Carolina and Mexico their negotiations were held in Nouvelle Rochelle, for the Central Americans it was in Havana, for the South Americans (including the Granadans, the Venezuelans, Quitoians, Llaneros, Peruvians, Chileans, and Platans) various peace meetings ranged from Sao Salvador (Bahia) to islands on the Greater Antilles or again Havana.
Despite, this a united effort by the various governments of the new Spanish-Americano states did arise in the summer of 1808 in what would be known as “The Conference of Caracas”. The Conference of Caracas was the work of Pan-Unionista efforts across the whole of Spanish America. The Unionistas, a group of proto-nationalist politicians and thinkers influenced by the Age of Enlightenment who prior to the Wars of Independence lobbied for independence from Spain and the total unification of Spanish America. They sought for the total unification of all of the Spanish-Americano peoples into a super state, seeing all Americanos as the evolution of both Indio and European societies (only a few groups acknowledged the contribution of the Africans) and thereto distinct and in some ways superior.
Depending on the faction they varied in how this Union would come about, either as a single kingdom or republic, perhaps a federation, or even just an alliance of nations not unlike a league of nations. The most radical of their number called for the invasion of Spain to be subjugated as a colony.
As could be seen the Unionistas composed of various supporters at all different levels of the new governments and different points of the political spectrum. Alfonso de Santamaria, President of the Roble Convention himself was a Unionista though his views changed through his life, becoming less radical as time went on. The newborn nation states sent several representatives to the Conference, to both explore the possibility of total union and other matters of foreign policy.
The new nations discussed the issue of greater unification or a united front in a main forum but while the representatives met in the common forum often there were side meetings between specific states that ran parallel discussing more local concerns. For Carolina, the focus was largely toward their Caribbean facing cousins (Venezuela, Llarno, Central America and Nuevo Granada). They had already close and common cause with Mexico that such affairs specific between the two nations were discussed in Nuevo Cadiz separately, in Caracas they hoped to look for a united front.
The number one issue of course concerning that Spain still maintained control of not just Cuba but also Puerto Rico in the Caribbean. This posed a military concern for all of the Caribbean nations, it was feared that perhaps in the future once Spain had dealt with France they would use these islands a springboard to attempt another Reconquista. Considering Spanish tenaciousness this was not unbelievable, especially the thought that a 5th column could attempt to invite the Spanish or even one of the more royalist nations would join Spain (Peru being the most cited example, as they had remained staunchly Royalist until the request for peace from Spain when conveniently a ‘local’ Junta had seized power and also declared independence). In the concern of Spain all the nations agreed on a common doctrine, the Caracas Doctrine, that all of them would not stand for not just Spanish but any European intervention in the Americas.
This was all that they agreed upon. Naturally, thoughts moved on toward ‘liberation’ of Cuba and Puerto Rico and of course who would administer these islands. Mexico and Venezuela were the chief proponents of invasion but disagreed on administration-Carolina backed Mexico (the two nations even drawing up a secret agreement that could possibly include the administration of the Cayman Islands and Jamaica should they go wayward) while New Granada backed Venezuela. Central America and Llarno disagreed on any action being taken place or that the islands should govern themselves.
This disunion would lead to none of the involved parties leading an invasion of Cuba or Puerto Rico- at least for the time being. It also highlighted a concern for Mexico and Carolina in the New Granadans. The Central American representative-representing the Republic of Central America- brought to the attention of Mexico and Carolina that the New Granadan representative had made several very assertive inquiries into the future of the states of Central America and was very keen on pitching that they should join with New Granada. This was ill-received by the Carolinian and Mexican representatives and to blunt New Granada pushing north they promised aid to the Central Americans.
This was not a distinct trend to these nations, but very soon would become apparent in negotiations with all of the new Spanish-Americano nations as they jockeyed for dominance and argued over borders or resources. The dream of the Unionistas for a central Spanish-Americano nation would be frustrated by regional rivalries and the birth pangs of these new nations. In the coming century attempts for total unification would be fought for with guns instead of words. While the dream of a unified Spanish-America would be dashed, the Conference of Caracas would still lead for a groundwork of cooperation between the Spanish-Americao states, being a predecessor to the Alliance of American States, a pan-American organization geared toward the mediation and solidarity between not just Spanish-Americano but all nations in the Western Hemisphere.
Sweet we can get a Latino Noam Chonsky. 
Though of all seriousness though, why can't they let Central America be its own state? Also I really want to see Carolina, Mexico, Santo Domingo, Central America, and New Granada be one state together whilst Peru, Bolivia, and the Southern cone be another state.
Though of all seriousness though, why can't they let Central America be its own state? Also I really want to see Carolina, Mexico, Santo Domingo, Central America, and New Granada be one state together whilst Peru, Bolivia, and the Southern cone be another state.
Sweet we can get a Latino Noam Chonsky.
Though of all seriousness though, why can't they let Central America be its own state? Also I really want to see Carolina, Mexico, Santo Domingo, Central America, and New Granada be one state together whilst Peru, Bolivia, and the Southern cone be another state.
Because the Granadans want more clay. Maybe we will see a few of these countries getting together around the 1840s....
But Haiti is definitely not going to join anything that has any hint of Criollos at this point.
Part 36: The Second Convention of Roble – 1810
Part 36: The Second Convention of Roble – 1810
The Interim Government as it is known laid the foundations for the Second Convention long before July 1810. It had been agreed in the original charter that still fighting Spain or not the various Comunero representatives would meet in Roble in 1810 for a second convention to decide the fate of Carolina. Where it may have been to decide to keep fighting or not had the war not stopped, it was to the relief of many that the decision making would be for the future government of an independent republic.
Quite a bit went into the decision making for the Constitution of 1810, not just words and inkwells of course, but manpower and time. Representatives for the new nation hailed from the mountains of the Sierra Apalchen, to the deserts of the Southwest, and even the shores of the Pacific. It would be a continent spanning endeavor to hopefully unite a nation. The bitter infighting already being faced by their more southern republics was already starting to weigh heavy on the Carolinians who wanted to ensure a smooth and stable government. This would be the foundation:
It was agreed upon that at the base level communities would be the foundation of the local government. Therefore, the creation of a “Comuna” or local administration was mandated. It was proposed that a Comuna would consist of just communities with 1000 or more people but this was rejected as the sprawling nature of the nation was debated. As there existed many communities of various sizes spread out (and were spreading out) across wilderness. The Comunas would be elected by popular vote.
From these Comunas then they would elect representatives to the next level of civil government, the Provincia Cortes. These would form from the former governments of the old colonial provinces (and be formed from new ones). With the ratification of the Constitution of 1810 the Republic of Carolina consisted of over twenty different provincias. While the Provincia Cortes was also open to popular election there were more restrictions, early laws putting restrictions on who could join the Provincia Cortes restricting disenfranchised populations. Similar to the Comunas the Provincias which would be headed by Governors would primarily deal with the administration of their territories.
Next up the totem pole would be the Regional Senate. The Regional Senate was the legislature for what would be the Region administrative division within the Republic of Carolina. It was decided that Carolina would need to be split up based on geographic and historical needs in order for the various provinces to work together. The Regions would consist of Oriental Carolina, Joseana, Ohio, Gran Pampas, Nueva Extramadura, Caribe, Occidental Carolina, California, and the capital, Colombia. These divisions would be purely administrative they would lack any kind of legislative authority. Election to the Regional Senate would come from the Cortes General. This was agreed upon because at least three of the regions did not even exist.
Gran Pampas, Occidental Carolina, and the Colombia in particular at the time of the Constitution of 1810 were more territory than anything. The First two consisted of most Indios tribes that mostly did not know or refused the administration of the Carolina Republic. Time and new waves of settlers would be needed to bring these territories into full extent but even by 1810 the representatives of the Convention of Roble were aware of the general geographic features of the western portions of the country even if they did not yet hold de facto sovereignty there. The effect of including these territories may have been more of a message to the Virginians and European powers to shore up Carolina’s own territorial claims on much of the West.
It was agreed in the convention that to fit the nature of the continent spanning republic the capital would be moved westward from Roble and that the administrative region should be to unto itself. It would take time but eventually the Colombia Region would settle along the banks of the Misisipi River on an advantageous bluff (Memphis, TN). The name Colombia itself was a power play by Unionistas within Carolina, as naming the region after Christopher Columbus spoke of ambitions for being the center of all Latin America.
For many years the Cabildos and Audiencia apart of the Viceroyalty of Carolina represented a combination of judicial and legislative power. The representatives to the Second Convention agreed that there needed to be a separation of this legislative and judicial authority to keep both sides impartial (and possibly prevent a provincial secessionist movement). This the Judiciary for Carolina would the Audiencia Court. The legislative powers would go to the Cortes General, the People’s Congress. The Cortes General would have the major legislative power of the republic as well as see to major administrative controls. From the Cortes General the Executive branch for the Republic of Carolina, the Presidente being elected by a majority of the representatives to form a cabinet leading the administrative functions of the Cortes General. The first Presidente of Carolina would actually be Eduardo de Santa Juan, having managed to salvage a political career following his military defeats during the War of Independence.
-----------------
You can use the below as a rough estimation on how the Regions will shape up.
The Interim Government as it is known laid the foundations for the Second Convention long before July 1810. It had been agreed in the original charter that still fighting Spain or not the various Comunero representatives would meet in Roble in 1810 for a second convention to decide the fate of Carolina. Where it may have been to decide to keep fighting or not had the war not stopped, it was to the relief of many that the decision making would be for the future government of an independent republic.
Quite a bit went into the decision making for the Constitution of 1810, not just words and inkwells of course, but manpower and time. Representatives for the new nation hailed from the mountains of the Sierra Apalchen, to the deserts of the Southwest, and even the shores of the Pacific. It would be a continent spanning endeavor to hopefully unite a nation. The bitter infighting already being faced by their more southern republics was already starting to weigh heavy on the Carolinians who wanted to ensure a smooth and stable government. This would be the foundation:
It was agreed upon that at the base level communities would be the foundation of the local government. Therefore, the creation of a “Comuna” or local administration was mandated. It was proposed that a Comuna would consist of just communities with 1000 or more people but this was rejected as the sprawling nature of the nation was debated. As there existed many communities of various sizes spread out (and were spreading out) across wilderness. The Comunas would be elected by popular vote.
From these Comunas then they would elect representatives to the next level of civil government, the Provincia Cortes. These would form from the former governments of the old colonial provinces (and be formed from new ones). With the ratification of the Constitution of 1810 the Republic of Carolina consisted of over twenty different provincias. While the Provincia Cortes was also open to popular election there were more restrictions, early laws putting restrictions on who could join the Provincia Cortes restricting disenfranchised populations. Similar to the Comunas the Provincias which would be headed by Governors would primarily deal with the administration of their territories.
Next up the totem pole would be the Regional Senate. The Regional Senate was the legislature for what would be the Region administrative division within the Republic of Carolina. It was decided that Carolina would need to be split up based on geographic and historical needs in order for the various provinces to work together. The Regions would consist of Oriental Carolina, Joseana, Ohio, Gran Pampas, Nueva Extramadura, Caribe, Occidental Carolina, California, and the capital, Colombia. These divisions would be purely administrative they would lack any kind of legislative authority. Election to the Regional Senate would come from the Cortes General. This was agreed upon because at least three of the regions did not even exist.
Gran Pampas, Occidental Carolina, and the Colombia in particular at the time of the Constitution of 1810 were more territory than anything. The First two consisted of most Indios tribes that mostly did not know or refused the administration of the Carolina Republic. Time and new waves of settlers would be needed to bring these territories into full extent but even by 1810 the representatives of the Convention of Roble were aware of the general geographic features of the western portions of the country even if they did not yet hold de facto sovereignty there. The effect of including these territories may have been more of a message to the Virginians and European powers to shore up Carolina’s own territorial claims on much of the West.
It was agreed in the convention that to fit the nature of the continent spanning republic the capital would be moved westward from Roble and that the administrative region should be to unto itself. It would take time but eventually the Colombia Region would settle along the banks of the Misisipi River on an advantageous bluff (Memphis, TN). The name Colombia itself was a power play by Unionistas within Carolina, as naming the region after Christopher Columbus spoke of ambitions for being the center of all Latin America.
For many years the Cabildos and Audiencia apart of the Viceroyalty of Carolina represented a combination of judicial and legislative power. The representatives to the Second Convention agreed that there needed to be a separation of this legislative and judicial authority to keep both sides impartial (and possibly prevent a provincial secessionist movement). This the Judiciary for Carolina would the Audiencia Court. The legislative powers would go to the Cortes General, the People’s Congress. The Cortes General would have the major legislative power of the republic as well as see to major administrative controls. From the Cortes General the Executive branch for the Republic of Carolina, the Presidente being elected by a majority of the representatives to form a cabinet leading the administrative functions of the Cortes General. The first Presidente of Carolina would actually be Eduardo de Santa Juan, having managed to salvage a political career following his military defeats during the War of Independence.
-----------------
You can use the below as a rough estimation on how the Regions will shape up.
Last edited:
Part 37: The Beginnings of a Different Kind of Revolution
Part 37: The Beginnings of a Different Kind of Revolution
For the Spanish Americans the revolution would be in economic terms a double edged sword. On one hand they had finally obtained the rights to free trade but that didn't mean every nation would cooperate in unlimited free trade. With only the infrastructural damage of years of fighting coming in second the foremost blow was the loss of what was the world's largest economic trade zone, the Spanish American colonies despite having limited avenues and had to traverse to certain markets did have open access to each other's colonies. Where before the Spanish mercantilist policies were focused on Non-Spanish powers now the new Spanish-American nations found each other rushing to put in place tariffs and taxes on trade with one another. Financially weakened the new Latin American counties sought to build up their own native industries and pay off the debts they had accrued. Most quickly found out that this was very difficult, and sought the capital they no longer had and create new and diversified economies.
Britain was more than happy to provide this capital rapidly bringing up British influence in the emerging economies to the for. For Carolina dependence on British capital was extremely hesitant, the new United Carolinian Bank one of the first steps the Carolinos took to stabilize their financial market. However, unlike their southern cousins the Carolinos had several advantages that they could call upon. First, including large swathes natural harbors and rivers to conduct trade. Second, a domestic market much larger than perhaps all but Mexico. Third, which would play extremely key in coming years was access to large deposits of coal to fuel the Carolino Industrial Revolution.
This was of particular interest to Presidente Eduardo de Santa Juan. He turned to de Rivilla, elected as Governor of the new Province of Apalchen, to provide the reforms for a future industrial base for Carolina. Their efforts would bear slow fruits through the 19th Century but explode in the later decades as Carolina rose as part of the so called "Steel Revolution" of the Second Industrial Revolution of the 1870s and onward as the importance of coal in new and larger machinery became important. For now in the first decades of the 19th Century Carolina joined other nations with "advancing" on the textile machines of the British. Innovating if not outright stealing British designs to bring them to Carolina where the domestic cotton market of Joseana united with the factories of Oriental Carolina and Ohio.
For the Spanish Americans the revolution would be in economic terms a double edged sword. On one hand they had finally obtained the rights to free trade but that didn't mean every nation would cooperate in unlimited free trade. With only the infrastructural damage of years of fighting coming in second the foremost blow was the loss of what was the world's largest economic trade zone, the Spanish American colonies despite having limited avenues and had to traverse to certain markets did have open access to each other's colonies. Where before the Spanish mercantilist policies were focused on Non-Spanish powers now the new Spanish-American nations found each other rushing to put in place tariffs and taxes on trade with one another. Financially weakened the new Latin American counties sought to build up their own native industries and pay off the debts they had accrued. Most quickly found out that this was very difficult, and sought the capital they no longer had and create new and diversified economies.
Britain was more than happy to provide this capital rapidly bringing up British influence in the emerging economies to the for. For Carolina dependence on British capital was extremely hesitant, the new United Carolinian Bank one of the first steps the Carolinos took to stabilize their financial market. However, unlike their southern cousins the Carolinos had several advantages that they could call upon. First, including large swathes natural harbors and rivers to conduct trade. Second, a domestic market much larger than perhaps all but Mexico. Third, which would play extremely key in coming years was access to large deposits of coal to fuel the Carolino Industrial Revolution.
This was of particular interest to Presidente Eduardo de Santa Juan. He turned to de Rivilla, elected as Governor of the new Province of Apalchen, to provide the reforms for a future industrial base for Carolina. Their efforts would bear slow fruits through the 19th Century but explode in the later decades as Carolina rose as part of the so called "Steel Revolution" of the Second Industrial Revolution of the 1870s and onward as the importance of coal in new and larger machinery became important. For now in the first decades of the 19th Century Carolina joined other nations with "advancing" on the textile machines of the British. Innovating if not outright stealing British designs to bring them to Carolina where the domestic cotton market of Joseana united with the factories of Oriental Carolina and Ohio.
Los Grandes Lagos
Los Grandes Lagos
By the time of increased Spanish-American settlement around the Great Lakes the area had already largely been explored or visited by other European explorers. This along with the local connotation for using names of Indio tribes to describe the majority of the lakes largely passed most of the names over to the Spanish lexicon. Lago Ontario, Lago Eriana, and Lago Hurono passing largely unchanged. Likewise the same was for Lago Superior given the closeness of the Spanish and French word for "Upper". The one exception would be Lago Jose, otherwise known as Lake Michigan to the Virginians. Lago Jose was considered to be part of Joseana considering its position north of Joseana and the headwaters of the Misisipi river were not fixed by Spanish colonial officials quite yet by the foundation of Joseana. Thus when looking at Carolinian maps of the lakes Lago Jose is the only one usually depicted with (Lake Michigan) for English and French readers. Most famously in the text of the Treaty of Nouvelle Rochelle following the Misisipi War with Virginia. And despite this Lago Jose would not be considered part of the Joseana Region following independence nevertheless it would lead to the foundation of a Joseana province on the western shore of the lake.
By the time of increased Spanish-American settlement around the Great Lakes the area had already largely been explored or visited by other European explorers. This along with the local connotation for using names of Indio tribes to describe the majority of the lakes largely passed most of the names over to the Spanish lexicon. Lago Ontario, Lago Eriana, and Lago Hurono passing largely unchanged. Likewise the same was for Lago Superior given the closeness of the Spanish and French word for "Upper". The one exception would be Lago Jose, otherwise known as Lake Michigan to the Virginians. Lago Jose was considered to be part of Joseana considering its position north of Joseana and the headwaters of the Misisipi river were not fixed by Spanish colonial officials quite yet by the foundation of Joseana. Thus when looking at Carolinian maps of the lakes Lago Jose is the only one usually depicted with (Lake Michigan) for English and French readers. Most famously in the text of the Treaty of Nouvelle Rochelle following the Misisipi War with Virginia. And despite this Lago Jose would not be considered part of the Joseana Region following independence nevertheless it would lead to the foundation of a Joseana province on the western shore of the lake.
Part 38: Troubled Beginnings and the Misisipi War
Part 38: Troubled Beginnings and the Misisipi War
The 1810s for the Republic of Carolina would be known colloquially as the “Decade of Troubles” by commentators of the time. This period being characterized by several domestic and one large foreign troubles that disrupted the domestic shape of Carolina. Each one could be chalked up to economic, social, and political factors.
The Panic of 1811 was an economic recession for the Republic of Carolina, and it was by no means constrained to Carolina. The Panic of 1811 which last three years was the result of an economic slowdown following the war of independence from Spain and also a global downshift coming off of the Napoleonic Wars – in particular the Bank of England was a common thread. The Bank of England had invested in many of the new Latin American countries and was facing insolvency from the financial strains of the Post-War period and the recession.
A second recession would occur in 1816 as a part of the Misisipi War as the economic embargo imposed against and from the Republic of Virginia, and the privateering in the Northern Atlantic. This resulted in lagging trade volumes and commodity prices soared as a result. It would be a push for domestic industrialization in Carolina but again these were seeds which would take additional decades to bloom.
There was also a real estate bubble in Carolina which burst, ravenous land claims by Carolino settlers fluctuating in value. Part of the recession was forestalled by Pre-War infrastructure in the Carolino provinces and the relative intact nature of the public roadworks and canals, but this was not the case in many other Latin American countries which had seen longer and harder fighting. Most of the issues were a result of the new Region administrations attempting to unite preexisting and create new organization arms to encourage their new political and economic sub-unions. With settlement pushing westward investment in new infrastructure, especially canals and roads across the Apalchen and along the Misisipi which saw increased economic value as towns and ports developed in the wilderness. This would also play into the increasing industrialization of Carolina, focused on infrastructure it would be during this period that steamboats began to become a common sight across the Carolino rivers.
Indios were also a new issue for the Republican government, as the territorial independence of Carolina had netted it claimed lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific, thousands of miles of unexplored lands which included tens of thousands of native tribes -many which would only hear of the independence of Carolina when government representatives arrived at their campfire or villages. Relations with these tribes varied greatly. The traditional tribes of Carolina, those inhabiting Moyao and Chattanooga had of course the friendliest relations with the Carolina government-having already been integrated into the framework of the new country.
The Seminole in Florida not formally integrated were able to get good terms on joining Carolina. In the west relations with the Pueblo and Zuni tribes were also very adaptive to the changing political situation. The native tribes of the Tongva and Chumash in Southern California were also open and officials out of San Miguel were able to establish favorable land divides. However, many more tribes were evasive if not outright hostile by attempts to the Carolinos to integrate them, resulting in numerous wars with the native tribes.
For the 1810s the two primary wars would include the Ohio War and the 1st Comanchero War. The first was the result of several tribes among the Miami, Sauk, dissident Shawnee, and Illinois which opposed the increasing settlement of the Ohio and Misispi valleys. The war itself was primarily lead by de Rivilla who was Governor of Ohio who continued to pioneer and fine tune his “la Legion” military concept. Taking republic and local soldiers, he lead the Carolinos in cornering the leaders of the dissident tribes and defeating them in battle. Following the war the tribes were either disbanded and forced to integrate with bands and tribes allied to the Carolinos or forced to accept limited land overturns. The 1st Comanchero War extended into the 1820s and was an on-off conflict between Africano settlers moving westward out of Joseana and Mestizo settlers out of the Rio Medio valley. Not so much a war so much as a series of hit and run raids and kidnappings by some Comanchero tribes opposed to the Carolino government it would last until a peace treaty was signed but would flare up again in the 1830s.
It was these instabilities that saw the eruption of the Misisipi War between the Republic of Carolina and Virginia. Virginia was something of the pariah of the Americas by the 1810s, with a friendly British government in Carolina, the Virginian economy saw worse economic damage than Carolina would see as radical policies by the staunchly Puritan government of the Fillmore administration prevented reconciliation with the British government and opening their economic to a great portion of the world market. Historical Anti-Catholic prejudices of the Carolinos also prevented proper integration with the Carolino economic despite the two sharing an absolutely long border. Most of the economic interaction between the two occurred either in the Republic of Nouvelle Rochelle’s ports or on the Great Lakes where smugglers were commonly active. It was cracking down on the Great Lakes black market that would prelude the invasion by the Virginian government.
Prior to the conflict the Carolino-Virginian governments had three major land disputes between each other. The first, was in the east along the Allghenia (Northern Pennsylvania) and Cristiana (Southern Pennsylvania) borders between Virginia and Carolina. This piece of real estate had shifted back and forth between the English and Spanish in the previous century, settlers crossing the border were routinely harassed on both sides. The second dispute was in the Michigan Peninsula, Carolina claimed the peninsula as part of their territory as it was south of the Great Lakes and for the Virginians it was a possible (and future) springboard against the Carolinos. The final dispute was further west, Virginia claimed the 41st parallel as the southern border west of the Great Lakes through settlement of the Green Bay, Carolina claimed their northern border was the 49th parallel above Lago Superior.
These claims would come to ahead as the increasing importance of the Misispi River became evident, as the river was a major highway for people and goods through the center of North America. Whoever controlled or had access to the river would very likely become the preeminent power not just in North America but the Americas if not the globe. Demands by the Virginians to settle the border disputes grew through the early years of the 1810s, growing to encompassing more territory south of the 41st territory and the source waters of the Misisipi river. Carolina officials refused to budge on recognizing any Virginian control of the region, and very soon both powers were constructing forts in the disputed territories around Lago Jose/Lake Michigan. The issue was forced when an attack by Carolino aligned tribes of the Miami (following the Ohio War) attacked trader posts around the Virginian fort of Fort Arlington (roughly Chicago). When pursued by the Virginians soldiers from an opposing Carolino fort prevented the Virginians from following and eventually in argument both sides fired on each other.
War was declared in March of 1816, the Carolino and Virginian governments blaming each other for what would be known as the Arlington Incident. Both sides blocked off trade with one another and soon privateering between independent captains on the Northern Atlantic saw ships flying opposing flags fighting one another, seizing ships and goods and returning to Cristiana or Virginian Avalon. The United Communes of Nouvelle Rochelle (Nouvelle Rochelle having obtained independence from the United Provinces following the Napoleonic War on amicable terms) was in particular caught in a difficult position, as owing to its position of neutrality it did not prevent ships from Carolina or Virginia from visiting its ports-however this policy opened to political conflict as privateers would use Nouvelle Rochelle’s territorial waters to skirt and launch raids on opposing shipping lanes or seek safe haven. The Nouvelle Rochelle navy was particularly overburdened by the large number of disputes until eventually forbidding any captains with a letter of marquis from entering their waters.
De Rivilla having retired from his governor ship in Ohio was elected as the commander of the Carolino Legions, despite his age he was more than willing to take command. That he was intimately familiar with the terrain that much of the fighting would take place in would be a major asset to the Carolinos. With much of the northern Carolino border still heavy with snowfall from that winter, de Rivilla elected to shore up Carolinian defenses around Cristiana and Toledo. He looked westward to Detroit where the Virginian attack would fall, in this he was surprised when instead the Virginian army under General Francis deWitt instead launched an attack further west out of the western shore of Lake Michigan. DeWitt had ported a sizeable force of the Virginian army across the Great Lakes and attacked down the Misisipi River toward Las Colinas (St. Louis) which he managed to take before wheeling his army down the Ohio river just as another Virginian offensive did erupt from the Michigan border.
The Ohio region however was de Rivilia’s backyard, and he was able to defend the Carolinian settlements from attack, stalling deWitt long enough for reinforcements from Joseana to travel north along the Misisipi and cut off deWitt’s supply lines. It was after this phase of the conflict, surprise and the impressive maneuverability of deWitt and the Virginian army became ineffective for the Virginians as the differences between the Carolino and Virginian armies became increasingly apparent. The Carolino army, la Legion, was a professional military force having the advantage in military training and well-developed supply lines and increasingly in numbers. The Virginian army however was one based on militia that were inducted from across Virginia on one hand giving them maneuverability as they could maneuver through heavy wooded terrain and take supplies from the land they passed through but lacking in uniform cohesion and training. On the field of battle de Rivilla or his commanders could grind down the Virginians, taking the field and forcing them back time and time again. By the end of 1817 deWitt’s forces had been ousted from Carolina territory and the Carolinos had gone on the offensive.
Carolino forces swept along either side of Lake Michigan/Lago Jose, a short naval battle on the lake giving the Carolinos superiority to march on Green Bay and Detroit. Meanwhile, further east Carolino forces out of Cristiana had forced the Santa Anna river (Susquehanna), using the Nouvelle Rochelle border to cover their right flank the Carolinos and were advancing fast on the city of Taylor (Scranton). An failed counter-offensive by the Virginians seeking to surround Toledo following an ill prepared amphibious landing was defeated and ended the war effort for the Virginians as the moderate William Carroll was elected to head of the Virginian government and promptly sued for peace. The 1818 Treaty of Nouvelle Rochelle saw the majority of Carolino land claims granted, the Michigan peninsula and all land claims south of the 49th parallel west of Lake Michigan was ceded to Carolina. Further in the east, the border was fixed at the 41st parallel and the 80th meridian, giving Carolina the majority of the Apalchen mountains and plateau. In return the Carolino government paid reparations to the Virginians of the Arlington Incident and gave a payment for the eastern territories.
Though taking the eastern territory would see a short lived insurgency by indignant Virginian settlers who refused to obey the Carolino government the victory of the Misisipi war was important for the future of Carolina. Besides setting the border with Virginia, it gave Carolina what would be undisputed access to the Misisipi river. Native tribes along the Misisipi river would soon bow to the authority of Carolina agreeing to integrate into Carolina. It would also solidify the confidence in the Carolina government of the 1810 Constitution by Carolinos and even new immigrants. With threats in the east dealt with Carolina could look westward across the continent from sea to shining sea.
The 1810s for the Republic of Carolina would be known colloquially as the “Decade of Troubles” by commentators of the time. This period being characterized by several domestic and one large foreign troubles that disrupted the domestic shape of Carolina. Each one could be chalked up to economic, social, and political factors.
The Panic of 1811 was an economic recession for the Republic of Carolina, and it was by no means constrained to Carolina. The Panic of 1811 which last three years was the result of an economic slowdown following the war of independence from Spain and also a global downshift coming off of the Napoleonic Wars – in particular the Bank of England was a common thread. The Bank of England had invested in many of the new Latin American countries and was facing insolvency from the financial strains of the Post-War period and the recession.
A second recession would occur in 1816 as a part of the Misisipi War as the economic embargo imposed against and from the Republic of Virginia, and the privateering in the Northern Atlantic. This resulted in lagging trade volumes and commodity prices soared as a result. It would be a push for domestic industrialization in Carolina but again these were seeds which would take additional decades to bloom.
There was also a real estate bubble in Carolina which burst, ravenous land claims by Carolino settlers fluctuating in value. Part of the recession was forestalled by Pre-War infrastructure in the Carolino provinces and the relative intact nature of the public roadworks and canals, but this was not the case in many other Latin American countries which had seen longer and harder fighting. Most of the issues were a result of the new Region administrations attempting to unite preexisting and create new organization arms to encourage their new political and economic sub-unions. With settlement pushing westward investment in new infrastructure, especially canals and roads across the Apalchen and along the Misisipi which saw increased economic value as towns and ports developed in the wilderness. This would also play into the increasing industrialization of Carolina, focused on infrastructure it would be during this period that steamboats began to become a common sight across the Carolino rivers.
Indios were also a new issue for the Republican government, as the territorial independence of Carolina had netted it claimed lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific, thousands of miles of unexplored lands which included tens of thousands of native tribes -many which would only hear of the independence of Carolina when government representatives arrived at their campfire or villages. Relations with these tribes varied greatly. The traditional tribes of Carolina, those inhabiting Moyao and Chattanooga had of course the friendliest relations with the Carolina government-having already been integrated into the framework of the new country.
The Seminole in Florida not formally integrated were able to get good terms on joining Carolina. In the west relations with the Pueblo and Zuni tribes were also very adaptive to the changing political situation. The native tribes of the Tongva and Chumash in Southern California were also open and officials out of San Miguel were able to establish favorable land divides. However, many more tribes were evasive if not outright hostile by attempts to the Carolinos to integrate them, resulting in numerous wars with the native tribes.
For the 1810s the two primary wars would include the Ohio War and the 1st Comanchero War. The first was the result of several tribes among the Miami, Sauk, dissident Shawnee, and Illinois which opposed the increasing settlement of the Ohio and Misispi valleys. The war itself was primarily lead by de Rivilla who was Governor of Ohio who continued to pioneer and fine tune his “la Legion” military concept. Taking republic and local soldiers, he lead the Carolinos in cornering the leaders of the dissident tribes and defeating them in battle. Following the war the tribes were either disbanded and forced to integrate with bands and tribes allied to the Carolinos or forced to accept limited land overturns. The 1st Comanchero War extended into the 1820s and was an on-off conflict between Africano settlers moving westward out of Joseana and Mestizo settlers out of the Rio Medio valley. Not so much a war so much as a series of hit and run raids and kidnappings by some Comanchero tribes opposed to the Carolino government it would last until a peace treaty was signed but would flare up again in the 1830s.
It was these instabilities that saw the eruption of the Misisipi War between the Republic of Carolina and Virginia. Virginia was something of the pariah of the Americas by the 1810s, with a friendly British government in Carolina, the Virginian economy saw worse economic damage than Carolina would see as radical policies by the staunchly Puritan government of the Fillmore administration prevented reconciliation with the British government and opening their economic to a great portion of the world market. Historical Anti-Catholic prejudices of the Carolinos also prevented proper integration with the Carolino economic despite the two sharing an absolutely long border. Most of the economic interaction between the two occurred either in the Republic of Nouvelle Rochelle’s ports or on the Great Lakes where smugglers were commonly active. It was cracking down on the Great Lakes black market that would prelude the invasion by the Virginian government.
Prior to the conflict the Carolino-Virginian governments had three major land disputes between each other. The first, was in the east along the Allghenia (Northern Pennsylvania) and Cristiana (Southern Pennsylvania) borders between Virginia and Carolina. This piece of real estate had shifted back and forth between the English and Spanish in the previous century, settlers crossing the border were routinely harassed on both sides. The second dispute was in the Michigan Peninsula, Carolina claimed the peninsula as part of their territory as it was south of the Great Lakes and for the Virginians it was a possible (and future) springboard against the Carolinos. The final dispute was further west, Virginia claimed the 41st parallel as the southern border west of the Great Lakes through settlement of the Green Bay, Carolina claimed their northern border was the 49th parallel above Lago Superior.
These claims would come to ahead as the increasing importance of the Misispi River became evident, as the river was a major highway for people and goods through the center of North America. Whoever controlled or had access to the river would very likely become the preeminent power not just in North America but the Americas if not the globe. Demands by the Virginians to settle the border disputes grew through the early years of the 1810s, growing to encompassing more territory south of the 41st territory and the source waters of the Misisipi river. Carolina officials refused to budge on recognizing any Virginian control of the region, and very soon both powers were constructing forts in the disputed territories around Lago Jose/Lake Michigan. The issue was forced when an attack by Carolino aligned tribes of the Miami (following the Ohio War) attacked trader posts around the Virginian fort of Fort Arlington (roughly Chicago). When pursued by the Virginians soldiers from an opposing Carolino fort prevented the Virginians from following and eventually in argument both sides fired on each other.
War was declared in March of 1816, the Carolino and Virginian governments blaming each other for what would be known as the Arlington Incident. Both sides blocked off trade with one another and soon privateering between independent captains on the Northern Atlantic saw ships flying opposing flags fighting one another, seizing ships and goods and returning to Cristiana or Virginian Avalon. The United Communes of Nouvelle Rochelle (Nouvelle Rochelle having obtained independence from the United Provinces following the Napoleonic War on amicable terms) was in particular caught in a difficult position, as owing to its position of neutrality it did not prevent ships from Carolina or Virginia from visiting its ports-however this policy opened to political conflict as privateers would use Nouvelle Rochelle’s territorial waters to skirt and launch raids on opposing shipping lanes or seek safe haven. The Nouvelle Rochelle navy was particularly overburdened by the large number of disputes until eventually forbidding any captains with a letter of marquis from entering their waters.
De Rivilla having retired from his governor ship in Ohio was elected as the commander of the Carolino Legions, despite his age he was more than willing to take command. That he was intimately familiar with the terrain that much of the fighting would take place in would be a major asset to the Carolinos. With much of the northern Carolino border still heavy with snowfall from that winter, de Rivilla elected to shore up Carolinian defenses around Cristiana and Toledo. He looked westward to Detroit where the Virginian attack would fall, in this he was surprised when instead the Virginian army under General Francis deWitt instead launched an attack further west out of the western shore of Lake Michigan. DeWitt had ported a sizeable force of the Virginian army across the Great Lakes and attacked down the Misisipi River toward Las Colinas (St. Louis) which he managed to take before wheeling his army down the Ohio river just as another Virginian offensive did erupt from the Michigan border.
The Ohio region however was de Rivilia’s backyard, and he was able to defend the Carolinian settlements from attack, stalling deWitt long enough for reinforcements from Joseana to travel north along the Misisipi and cut off deWitt’s supply lines. It was after this phase of the conflict, surprise and the impressive maneuverability of deWitt and the Virginian army became ineffective for the Virginians as the differences between the Carolino and Virginian armies became increasingly apparent. The Carolino army, la Legion, was a professional military force having the advantage in military training and well-developed supply lines and increasingly in numbers. The Virginian army however was one based on militia that were inducted from across Virginia on one hand giving them maneuverability as they could maneuver through heavy wooded terrain and take supplies from the land they passed through but lacking in uniform cohesion and training. On the field of battle de Rivilla or his commanders could grind down the Virginians, taking the field and forcing them back time and time again. By the end of 1817 deWitt’s forces had been ousted from Carolina territory and the Carolinos had gone on the offensive.
Carolino forces swept along either side of Lake Michigan/Lago Jose, a short naval battle on the lake giving the Carolinos superiority to march on Green Bay and Detroit. Meanwhile, further east Carolino forces out of Cristiana had forced the Santa Anna river (Susquehanna), using the Nouvelle Rochelle border to cover their right flank the Carolinos and were advancing fast on the city of Taylor (Scranton). An failed counter-offensive by the Virginians seeking to surround Toledo following an ill prepared amphibious landing was defeated and ended the war effort for the Virginians as the moderate William Carroll was elected to head of the Virginian government and promptly sued for peace. The 1818 Treaty of Nouvelle Rochelle saw the majority of Carolino land claims granted, the Michigan peninsula and all land claims south of the 49th parallel west of Lake Michigan was ceded to Carolina. Further in the east, the border was fixed at the 41st parallel and the 80th meridian, giving Carolina the majority of the Apalchen mountains and plateau. In return the Carolino government paid reparations to the Virginians of the Arlington Incident and gave a payment for the eastern territories.
Though taking the eastern territory would see a short lived insurgency by indignant Virginian settlers who refused to obey the Carolino government the victory of the Misisipi war was important for the future of Carolina. Besides setting the border with Virginia, it gave Carolina what would be undisputed access to the Misisipi river. Native tribes along the Misisipi river would soon bow to the authority of Carolina agreeing to integrate into Carolina. It would also solidify the confidence in the Carolina government of the 1810 Constitution by Carolinos and even new immigrants. With threats in the east dealt with Carolina could look westward across the continent from sea to shining sea.
Last edited: