THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY
Seeing the other side's perspective...
1970-1973: Edward Heath (Conservative majority)
1970 def - Harold Wilson (Labour), Jeremy Thorpe (Liberal)
1973-1976: Edward Heath (Conservative-Liberal coalition)[1]
1973 def - Harold Wilson (Labour), Jeremy Thorpe (Liberal)
1976-1982: Denis Healey (Labour majority)[2]
1976 def - Edward Heath (Conserrvative), Jeremy Thorpe (Coalition Liberal), Emlyn Hooson (Anti-Coalition Liberal)
1980 def - Edward DuCann (Conservative), David Penhaligon (Radical), Jeremy Thorpe (Liberal)
1982-1990: Edmund Dell (Labour majority)[3]
1984 def - Norman St John-Stevas (Conservative), David Penhaligon (Liberal), Cyril Smith (Rochdale Independents), Eric Heffer/Arthur Scargill (Democratic Socialist/Coal Not Dole!)
1989 def - Ian Gilmour (Conservative), Eric Heffer (Democratic Socialist), Various (Indepenent Liberals)
1990-1994: David Owen (Labour majority)[4]
1994-1999: Chris Patten (Conservative majority)[5]
1994 def - David Owen (Labour)
1999-2007: Menzies Campbell (Labour majority)[6]
1999 def - Chris Patten (Conservative), Norman Tebbit (Peoples')
2003 def - Malcom Rifkind (Conservative), Michael Portillo (People's)
2007-2011: Stephen Dorrel (Conservative majority)[7]
2007 def - Menzies Campbell (Labour), Roger Knapman (Peoples'), Collective (Green UK)
2011-2015: Greg Clark (Conservative majority)[8]
2011 def - Norman Lamb (Labour), Collective (Green UK)
2015-0000: Chris Grayling (Labour majority)[9]
2015 def - Greg Clark (Conservative), Collective (Green UK), Peter Hitchens (Anti-Federation/Traditional Conservatives)
1 - Calling an early election in 1973, Heath scraped back into office in coalition with the Liberals after securing a plurality of seats, but was forced to appoint Thorpe Home Secretary and promise a referendum on the Alternative Vote. In the end this coalition would preside over further strikes, deteriorating relations in Northern Ireland, and a splinter in the Liberal Party after a landslide defeat for the "Yes" camp in the AV referendum. The government lost its majority in 1976, and when the UUP refused to back it up, Heath was forced to call another early election. With a general sense of malaise the Grocer quietly left office as a failure...
2 - Having won out against Callaghan and Foot after Wilson's resignation, Denis Healey promised to be the voice of moderation in Britain - with the Liberals divided and the Conservatives discredited this promise seemed realistic to much of the public. Despite the grievances of many of his backbencher she, Healey quickly set about making cuts in order to secure a loan from the IMF, but was forced to confront the miners over pit closures, which made him increasingly unpopular, as did cuts to the NHS. Healey bounced back when he was able to trounce the Argentine government in a brief skirmish over the Falklands in 1978, and two years later with North Sea Oil flowing in and the economy growing, he won re-election as the Liberals slid into irrelevance and the Tories under the monetarist DuCann struggled differentiate themselves from the cut happy government. The next two years saw Healey make further cuts to public services and withdraw government funding from lame duck industries, further alienating the left of the party; since Roy Jenkins was shuffled from the role of Chancellor to Foreign Secretary and replaced with the radical Free Marketeer Edmund Dell, the left had been on the verge of rebellion, and when Michael Foot was challenged and beaten for the Deputy Leadership by Shirley Williams many (led by the "Unholy Trinity" of Eric Heffer, Joan Maynard and Albert Booth) to leave the party and form their own on the extreme left, joining up with Arthur Scargill's embryonic political movement in 1982. As a result Healey stepped down, and the newly left-less PLP elected Dell as his successor over Tony Benn.
3 - Dell was as happy with the axe as a woodsman, and began tax and service cuts which (while brutal) many contemporary economists viewed as necessary. Sure enough although unemployment skyrocketed and inflation rose but by bit at the start of his term, by 1981 it was starting to calm down whilst GDP was growing quickly as were wages. When Dell called an election for 1982 many expected to see Labour beaten, but then two scandals hit the Liberal Party - first Jeremy Thorpe was discovered to have had a gay affair and staged an elaborate, violent, coverup of it. Thorpe was expelled from the party and it was reunited with the Radicals under Hooson, and the political effects started a witchhunt which ended with the Tory leader's own homosexuality being discovered by the press. Whilst he did not step down, many in his party attempted to remove him, and his party plummeted in the polls as extreme Tory voters switched to the National Front whilst others simply did not have a party to vote for. Then the Liberals were rocked again by the discovery that Cyril Smith was a pedophile - he too was expelled from the Liberals, and although he kept his seat in the landslide 1984 election, he was quickly arrested and forced to step down. The loss of Labour voters to the Democratic Socialists ultimately meant nothing, as the party dwindled to just Heffer, Scargill, and Booth's seats. With a large majority, Dell further pursued his ideological agenda with stock market deregulation that saw the UK's economy boom and attracted many defectors from an increasingly One Nation Conservative Party - Peter Lilley crossed the floor to serve as Chief Secretary to the Treasury in 1986, followed by Nigel Lawson a year later. Another election in 1989 saw Dell's majority barley reduced, and then a year later the Soviet Union collapsed and was replaced with the new radically capitalist "Russian Union" which Dell helped guide into the EEC. He resigned later that year, confident that his competent long term Foreign Secretary could complete his vision.
4 - Owen, despite all expectations, was a mediocre Prime Minister at best. Although tremendously intelligent, he was not good at balancing all the factions of his party, and was too headstrong and arrogant to be an effective collaborator. Had he been President he may, perhaps, have been phenomenal, but as it was he was in a Prime Ministerial system in which he floundered. Further attempts at NHS cuts whilst Owen increased the military budget did not go down well, and finally the botched privatisation of Royal Mail in 1994 led to Owen seeking a new mandate to govern early, and then going down in a blaze of apathy as the sat dregs of "Third Parties" slipped into electoral irrelevance.
5 - Chris Patten had consolidated the power of the One Nation wing of his party, and led into governemnt by attacking Labour, surprisingly, from the left. The full realignment of British politics had begun. Patten underwent a programme of renationalising the railways after Owen had begun their privatisation, as well as a slight increase in taxes and ambitious plans to build new homes across Britain... many on the centre left quietly began to praise Patten, but he continued to claim that he was nothing more than a Macmillanite One Nation Conservative and certainly not "of the left". This didn't prevent long term backbencher Norman Tebbit from leaving the party, however, and he founded a starkly right wing anti-EEC party that opposed the entities ever closer political and economic union. After five years and with taxes high following then eocnomic slump of 1995-1996, Patten lost the election to Menzies "Ming" Campbell, a former Liberal and athlete firmly on the monetarist right of the party.
6 - The former Scottish Liberal was the man to drag Britain kicking and screaming into the 21st century, with further rounds of strikes coming as the last vetsiges of public owned industry (aside from the NHS and a scattering of defence contractors) were largely sold off in tandem with the Republican Government in Washington. The state, one anonymous Campbell aide famously said, was dead. This was far from true, but over his two terms in office and with the "Right Wing" vote split between the Conservatives and the People's party, Campbell saw little challenge. It was only with the collapse of the People's Party in 2006 as long-term member Ian Duncan-Smith defected back to the Conservatives after a Damascene conversion about the welfare state that the Tories could secure enough support to eek out a narrow majority in 2007 as "traditional Labour voters" shifted over to the Greens as the only truly "Left Wing" party left in British politics.
7 - Dorrel was able to win the election by appealing to former Liberal voters as well as some within Labour, but his first term in office saw him preside over a devastating economic crash. Although his Keynesian policies did lead to the start of an economic recovery, many did not think it was enough (although this was largely due to the limited scope of his public investment plans). His failure to legislate for Gay Marriage led to his resignation in 2011, largely due to the perception that he was an electoral liability for his party, although he remained in the government as Home Secretary until after the election when he was made Chancellor.
8 - Clark managed to salvage the Conservative Party's reputation after the Labour leader praised his former opponent's attempts to legalise gay marriage and came out in favour of drug legalisation - the perception of being aloof on social issues that Labour had once had evaporated overnight, and with the total collapse of the People's Party, the Conservatives kept power. No new nationalisations were made, but money was pumped into the flagging NHS and school systems, alongside funding increases for local authorities. Clark also initiated the"Great Experiment" federalising the country with National and regional assemblies and instituted a formal procedure for referenda to make changes of "constitutional" importance. It was with a referendum on the new "European Federal Constitution" which brought Clark down, splitting his party and forcing an early election.
9 - The new Prime Minister Chris Grayling has come into office as a man of the free market, and although he won his right wing views led to another big surge for the Greens, who now sit on 50 seats. For now there really is no "left" in Britain, but with more and more talk of Labour defections to the Greens there might well be another shakeup soon...