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Battle_of_Saint-Mathieu
Looking into the English as a contender...

If you look at the English and French shipping in 1512 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mathieu both powers were certainly equipped to get a few hundred marines into South America. But to land in Peru without using Panama as a staging-post they would have required knowledge of Magellan's 1521 voyage around South America into the Pacific.

First Spanish contact with the Incas comes in 1526, and then the Spanish invasion takes place in 1532. So the only scenario of the English or French invading Peru before the Spanish is for (i) a window of peace between the two powers freeing up a few ships from their navies, plus (ii) knowledge of Magellan's route and possibly (iii) knowledge of Spain's first contact with the Incas.

There was plenty of information exchange between the royal courts (e.g. Henry VIII of England married Catherine of Aragon), so why not? If Henry was crazy enough to get through six wives and declare Protestant Reformation, the he was crazy enough to send about five ships to South America to find budget-quintupling treasures.

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