Chapter 29 Foreign Events 1836-1846
"Being the Secretary of State is quite the fun job. Not only do you avoid the petty politics of congress and directly serve your nation, you also get to act as an observer to the grand squabbles of Europe."- Secretary of State Stephan F. Austin 1840
"I have managed to achieve a good 20 years of peace for the Reich. I fear one day though that my efforts will one day be for naught and beloved Austria may soon find herself in the danger of extinction once more."- Chancellor Klemens von Metternich 1836
"One thing I absolutely loathe about foreigners is their grand fantasies of the British Empire. Before the 19th century Britain had manged to achieve greatness by building true colonies for the motherland and achieving dominance in trade and the high seas. Then the new era began and everything changed. We lost our sacred colonies because of the actions of a mad tyrant and became too involved in European affairs after Napoleon. The correct course of action would've been to continue Splendid Isolation and dominate the world with our grand industry and economic hegemony. Instead the nobles became obsessed with conquering backwaters and lands of savagery, we couldn't back away from Europe and had to get involved in every single political conflict on the damned Continent. We were stretched too thin and Britain was not British, but rather the center of a global empire that served the needs of the crown and the aristocracy first and foremost. Pax Britannica is what they call it, the so called glorious golden age of Great Britain. For while our people deluded themselves with dreams of grandeur and conquest, the seeds of decay began to wrought. The day that bitch Victoria crowned herself 100 years ago, was the day that Britain truly began its descent into noble darkness."- Lord Protector Oliver Mosley 1937
The following is a list of events that took place around the world from the years 1836 to the beginning of 1846:
October 2, 1836: Charles Darwin returns to England from his two month journey aboard the HMS Beagle. His findings later lead to him posting his famous Theory of Evolution.
December 28, 1836: South Australia is made an official colony of the British Empire.
December 28th,1836-August 28th, 1839: The War of the Confederation begins between the newly formed Peru-Bolivian Confederation and the countries of Argentina and Chile. The War began over the rise of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, which was seen as a threat to neighboring countries for the potential power projection of the nation and its economic monopolies on trade routes in the Pacific. War was declared on December 28th by Chilean President Jose Pierto due to the manipulations of Chilean statesman Diego Portales, Argentina soon joined after on the next month. The war was seen as deeply unpopular in Chile due to the nation's aggression (Bolivian Marshal Santa Cruz had been willing to compromise on several points except disollusionment), and the reason behind it due to the scheming of Portales, who was highly unpopular at the time. While Chile managed to maintain naval superiority, the lost the land campaign as the combined Chilean-Argentinean forces were decimated by disease and low support by the local peasentry deep in Peruvian territory. The first expedition was soundly defeated by Marshal Santa Cruz at Paurcapata with a second one being defeated after the Confederation forces lifted a siege of Lima and then proceeded to decimate the retreating Chilean-Argentinian army at Yungay. The total defeats on land caused both leading administrations of Argentina and Chile to be overthrown with a peace signed in favor of the Confederation in 1838. The war continued for the next year as a rebel faction under General Gamarra tried to declare Peru's independence from the Confederation. The rebels found little support due to the Confederation's success in the Pacific campaign and they were promptly defeated by the highly popular Marshal Santa Cruz within a year. For now the Confederation would stand.
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Flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
June 20th, 1837: Queen Victoria is crowned beginning the era of Pax Britannica for the British Empire.
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October 13th, 1837: French forces capture Constatine, Algeria.
November 1837-December 1838: The Canadian rebellions commence. Both rebellions arise from the population of Canada's dissatisfaction with the current rule of the British from London. In Lower Canada the rebellion is made up of patriots who wish to for secession in the form of an independent Quebec. While the cause for Upper Canada was a quest for reform against the government in Ontario. Due to high disorganization among the two sides as well as superior tactics and training of the British regulars and the Canadian millitia. Both sides failed in their objectives and by December of next year resistance was quelled entirely. The aftermath caused both Canada's to merge under the Union Act of 1840. But many in Canada would remember the causes and struggle of the rebellions once the Oregon War began eight years later.
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Battle of Montgomery's Tavern in Upper Canada. Flag of the Quebec Patriotes
December 15th, 1838: With the Yucatan emerging victorious from the Guatemala war, the nations of Nicaragua, Honduras, and Costa Rica sign the Central American Pact. A defensive treaty stating that any war that would be declared on one was a declaration against all. The treaty was signed due to fears of further Yucatan conquest as well as potential aggresion from Colombia, which was prevented due to extensive pressure from Venezuela to not conquer the remainder of Central America.
March 19th- August 29th, 1842. The First Opium War is waged between Great Britain and the Chinese Empire. The causes of the war lie within trading rights in China as well as the sale and distribution of the drug Opium within Chinese borders. The war is waged for three years with the British gaining near absolute victory due to their capture of the coast and rivers due to advanced steamboats, as well as superior tactics and weaponry on land. The war ends in the Treaty of Nanking with China ceding Hong Kong to Britain for a 150 year lease, millions of silver in reparations, and finally the opening of trade in five port cities as well as extraterritoriality. The war is the beginning of the Century of Shame for the Chinese.
Capture of Hong Kong (Left) Battle of Amoy (Right)
April 19th, 1839: The Treaty of London formally recognizes the independence of Belgium and its protection of sovereignty and neutrality by the Great Powers of Europe.
August 31st, 1839: The First Carlist War comes to an end with a clear victory for the liberal forces and regent Maria Christina for Isabel II. The war was a conflict of succession for the Spanish throne between the Carlists a conservative/reactionary faction led by Carlos V that wished for a return to the old regime with the reign of Carlos V. And the liberals fighting for the future Isabel II who wanted for the modernization and increased democracy of the Spanish Kingdom. The war at first went well for the Carlist rebels who captured the Basque and Valencian regions of the North. The tide turned in favor of the liberals with the intervention of the Portuguese, British, and French on their side. While the fighting ended in August two more wars would be fought in the future with the third and final Carlist War taking place in 1878.
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Carlist Flag
July 18th, 1841: The coronation of Pedro II as Emperor of Brazil takes place.
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June 18th, 1842: In a mirror practice of the Republic of Texas, Sweden becomes the second nation in the world to install a primary education system.
February 27th, 1844: The Dominican War of Independence is launched by the revolutionaries of the Dominican Republic. The Dominican Republic was a former Spanish colony that was conquered by Haiti in 1822 in an effort to unite Hispaniola. The conquest backfired as the Dominicans grew increasingly agitated under Haitian rule and sought for their own self rule and preservation of liberty. The war would last for 12 years with the conflict finally ending in 1856 with Independence for the Dominican Republic.
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Flag of the Dominican Republic
A/N: Okay everyone, next official story post is the beginning of the 1846 revolutions. Most of the developments of this chapter were OTL with a few notable exceptions such as the result of the War of the Confederation. Stay tuned for more!