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Summary 1759

January 10th – Nine Years War: Muhamad Yusef Khan is killed in battle by the French during the Siege of Madras
January 15th – The British Museum opens after 6 years of development.
January 31st – Nine Years War: HMS Revenge (28) is captured attempting to run the French blockade during the Siege of Madras

February 2nd – Nine Years War: Madras, India falls to the French after nearly five weeks of siege.
February 5th – Princess Catherine Sophia, third child of French King Louis XVI and Queen Maria Josepha is born
February 17th – Nine Years War: Naval Action of Madras. Admiral Pocock defeats Comte de Ache off Madras, and negotiates a prisoner exchange for the captured British garrison.
February 18th – Nine Years War: Battle of Rajahmudry. British Forces led by Colonel Francis Forde defeat French forces led by Du Rocher, who was killed in the battle.

March 2nd – March 27th – Nine Years War: Siege of Masulipatum. Colonel Forde leads British Forces to victory over the French and captures Masulipatum after Conflans surrenders.
March 28th – Nine Years War: Battle of Hirschberg: Prussian forces led by Von Zietan and Von Seyditz inflicted a devastating defeat against Austrian forces led by Joseph von Siskovits. In the battle, Fredrick II, heir to Hesse-Kassel dies.

April - November – Nine Years War: The Acadian Retreat from Ile Royale, Ile St. Jean, the Peticodiac, Penobscot, St. John, Miramichi and Restigouche rivers, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence occurs. Out of near 14,000 Acadians in the Maritimes at the start of the war, the British led campaigns resulted in the deportation of some 1,500 Acadians to New England, and around 3,200 Acadians to France. Around 1300 died in the skirmishes or to starvation during the winter while the remaining population integrated into the Native communities, or fled further inland into Quebec.
April 4th – Nine Years War - Battle of Hanau: The Duke of Brunswick leads an allied force to defeat Astro-Bavarian forces near the city of Hanau, then retreats back to Hesse after learning of French forces preparing to invade the Palatinate.
April 25th - Naval Action – Nine Years War: The French Mediterranean Fleet under La Clue capture and sink British ships meant to supply the British Toulon blockade Fleet at sea.

May 3rd – Nine Years War – Battle of Jauer: Fredrick II of Prussia fights Josef von Daun of Austria to a stalemate near Jauer, before retreating to Liegnitz. While holding the field, Austrian forces were dealt a severe blow further putting on holds plan for a renewed Silesian offensive.
May 7th – Battle of Toulon – Nine Years War: The French Mediterranean Fleet led by La Clue break the British Toulon Blockade fleet led by Osborne. The British fleet is decisively defeated and flees back to Gibraltar, ending British presence in the Mediterranean Sea beyond Gibraltar.
May 26th – Battle of Pritzwalk – Nine Years War: Mecklenburg forces are defeated at Pritzwalk by Prussian forces, putting a halt to Mecklenburg’s advance into the Electorate of Brandenburg.

June 6th – Nine Years War – Battle of Frankfurt on the Main: At the start of the Palatinate Campaign, French, Austro-Bavarian and allied forces led by the Duc de Brogile defeat Hanover, British, Hessian, and allied forces led by the Duke of Brunswick. The town of Frankfurt is severely damaged in the fighting.
June 8th – Nine Years War – Battle of Dortmund: Allied Forces led by George Germain 1st Viscount of Sackville are defeated by French forces led by the Marquis de Contades. The town of Dortmund is heavily damaged in the battle.
June 10th – William VIII, Langraf of Hesse-Kassel dies.
June 13th – Nine Years War - Battle of Anticosti: British Naval forces defeat a French Fleet off Anticosti Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
June 14th – Nine Years War - Second Battle of Marburg: French, Austro-Bavarian and allied forces led by the Duc de Broglie defeat Hanover, British, Hessian and allied forces led by the Duke of Brunswick.
June 17th – Nine Years War - Battle of Paderborn: Allied forces led by the Duke of Brunswick and the Viscount of Sackville defeat French forces led by the Marquis de Contades. Contades is killed in action and one of the French armies in the Germanies is routed.

July 12th - August 3rd – Nine Years War - Siege of Niagara: After a 22 day siege the French surrender Fort Niagara to the British on August 3rd.
July 20th – Nine Years War – Battle of Posen: Fredrick defeats the Russian army led by Vasily Lopukhin near Posen. Russia is forced to retreat back across the Vistula River.
July 26th – Nine Years War – Battle of Liepzig: Austrian-Saxon forces defeat Prussian forces at Leipzig, retaking the city opening the way to the re-conquest of western Saxony.

August 1st – Nine Years War: War is officially declared between Austria and the United Kingdom
August 2nd – Nine Years War: Kassel falls to French and allied forces after a one month siege, effectively removing Hesse-Kassel from further participation in the war.
August 2nd – Nine Years War - Battle of Niagara: George Washington and
Sayenquaraghta defeated Marchard de Ligney’s French force meant to relieve the besieged Niagara garrison and de Ligney is killed in action.
August 3rd – Nine Years War – Massy Expedition: British forces led by Lt. Colonel Eyre Massy scouting Fort Ticonderoga are ambushed and defeated by the French. Massy is killed in action.

September 16th – Nine Years War – Battle of Pondicherry: A British fleet led by Admiral Pocock faces off again against the French fleet led by Admiral d’Ache. Both sides are heavily damaged but the British prevail. The Frech fleet takes additional losses on the way back to France, and never return to India in force for the rest of the war.

October 3rd – Nine Years War - Treaty of Copenhagen: In a peace treaty with France, Hesse-Kassel removes itself from the war, and loose most of its territory to the Hesse-Darmstadt branch. This would later lead to the formation of the Electorate of Hesse.
October 4th - November 1st – Nine Years War – Siege of Kolberg, Pomerania: Swedish and Russian forces fail to besiege the Prussian city of Kolberg after storms wreck several ships and a Prussian relief force beats back the already retreating besiegers on November 1st.
October 16th – December 7th – Nine Years War – Siege of Halle: Austro-Saxon-Bavarian forces lay siege to the Prussian city of Halle in western Saxony. The city finally falls on December 7th.
October 21st – Nine Years War – Battle of Nordhausen: French-Hesse-Darmstadt forces defeat a Hanoverian-Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel forces meant to relieve the Siege of Halle.
October 30th – 6.6 magnitude earthquake strikes the Levant

November 24th – Nine Years War – Battle of Chinsurah, India. British forces win a battle against Dutch East Indian forces near Chinsurah. Despite the battle the Dutch remain neutral, and the British gain supremacy in Bengal.
November 25th – 7.4 magnitude earthquake strikes the Levant.

December 10th – Nine Years War - Naval Action of December 10th. British Fleet in the Atlantic captures French frigate Atlante (32) and three ships of less than 20 guns.