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Treaty of Copenhagen, October 3rd, 1759

In what would be called by later historians as an appalling exploitation attempt of the young inheritor of Hesse-Kassel, the 16 year old William I von Hessen, brief Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, the young heir negotiated a treaty with French and Hesse-Darmstadt.

In exchange for peace, William I recognized the French and Hesse-Darmstadt occupation of Hesse-Kassel and gave up title to all lands in Hesse-Kassel currently occupied to a combination of French oversight or to his cousin Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. While he received a large sum in the near term and kept title to a few lands that bordered Hanover north of Braunschweig (Brunswick), it would fall far short of the long term value of the lands.

When they learned of the treaty however, Britain and Hanover, Prussia, and Brunswick refused to recognize any legality in it.

Choisel had directed his diplomats toward the goal of expanding French lands in Europe in small pieces where possible. Secondary deals made with Hesse-Darmnstadt and Wuttemburg, for titles and exchanges of the conquered Hesse-Kassel lands would see France in control of the county of Hanua-Lichtenburg from Hesse-Darmstadt, and Mompelgard from Wurttemburg for parts of former Hesse-Kassel at the war’s end.

The reformed union of Hesse-Darmstadt and Hesse-Kassel lands and subsequent negotiations would see the formation of the Electorate of Hesse led by Louis IX after the war.

November 24, Battle of Chinsurah, India

Following the fall of the French fort at Chandernagar to the British, and the British victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the Nawab of Bengal, Mir Jafar opened secret negotiations with the Dutch East Indian company.

These talks culminated in the arrival of a fleet of seven Dutch ships and additional Dutch troops stationed at Dutch holdings in Bengal.

Robert Clive would see these as a military threat, and high tensions with the Dutch at the time (since word of better, albeit still neutral relations had not yet arrived in India) resulted in a battle at Chinsurah between British and Dutch forces.

A brief naval battle in the Hooghly river between the 3 British ships and the seven Dutch East Indian company ships, as well as a skirmish on land between British and Bengal-Dutch East India troops resulted in a British victory.

Six of seven Dutch East India ships surrender and Mir Jafar and the Dutch suffered a few hundred casualties among the Dutch, Malay and Chinsurah soldiers.

Despite the battle the Dutch remained neutral in the war, and the captured Dutch soldiers and ships were released. After the loss the British overthrew Mir Jafar and replaced him with Mir Kasim Ali Khan, establishing British supremacy in Bengal.