What I would love to see in any Vinland TL is native conversion, either to Norse paganism or Christianity, or both. I can imagine Catholics natives around the Gulf of Saint Laurence at war supported by the main group of Vikings in conflict with pagan natives further down the river where the...
Well, what are you trying to do here? Jefferson's offer was to buy the upper two thirds, if you want France on the continent (even though they're still there with St. Pierre and Miquelon (who know's any of these saints anyways?)).
I suppose you could manage to keep in a few scenarios...
If you avoid WW1 you get countless monarchies in Europe, and if you keep British India you'll get alot of monarchies there as well.
Oops, didn't see the title.
I don't think that without the Qing that the Chinese would've expanded to their current size (and therefore its plethora of resources), but I wouldn't know.
Making a list as well
-Ramses II
-Achaemene
-Qin Shi Huangdi
-Alexander the Great
-Augustus Caesar
-Trajan
-Constantine the Great (also a saint in the Orthodox Church)
-Khosrau II
-Clovis I (Clovis means the same thing as Louis, making Louis even more popular)
-Justinian
-Charles...
Just an idea, but do you think Norse Gaels or perhaps Bretons could become the settlers? Both were seagoing, and were either Vikings or had decent contact with? I can imagine both being pushed out.
On the other hand, I would die to see a TL where a sizable group of Jews during the 400s moves...
I got two here. First, you could somehow stem westward migration, keeping a literal shitton of native languages around. Perhaps a devastating plague on the East Coast slows population growth for a while, or the Louisiana Purchase never goes through.
Second, we have the historical 2nd largest...
Stop the Armenian Genocide (and the other ones did by Turkey and you would have an Anatolia primarily Greek in the west and Armenian in the east). Perhaps Russia getting the terms they deserved at the Treaty Berlin and getting some part of ethnic Armenia, but you might need a crushing victory...
Alright, the challenge here is simple: a French-Canadien state created by a revolt, before the onset of the Cold War. The opportunities I see here are during or right after the French & Indian War, the Napoleonic Wars pre-1812, the Patriotes Rebellion, and WW1.
Bonus points if supported by...
Americas
Check out Mann's 1491 and 1493. Cahokia: America's Ancient City on the Mississippi is worth a read, and the TV series 500 Nations is quite informative.
Also, this probably isn't useful to you, but if you go in depth on Wikipedia you can find quite a bit. I gleamed alot about the...
Japan's industrialization was more or less inevitable by the time Russian missionaries were in Japan. The Russo-Japanese war will probaly still happen, but with more favourable terms to Russia.
Not pre-1900, but the current King of Norway (probably not continental but whatever) is 30th in line (last time I checked) to inherit the British Monarchy. Kill off 31 certain people and you have a modern monarchist mess. Where will he rule from, a boat in the North Sea? Maybe the Shetlands...