It's not like prejudice ever let truth and facts stand in its way, so probably the "civilized" Japanese activity would just be brushed aside by most. And of course, you right about Fascists in Italy here.
Ligurian was a very secondary literary language at this point. There was nearly no public for a political treatise in Ligurian at the time, Italian would be the expected language for that.
You are right. Still, the UK may invoke it. Even if not, everyone in NATO would likely be as supportive of the UK as they can, short of intervention (which should not be necessary).
I understand that Ireland at the time had no interest or desire whatsoever to do any such thing, and even less ability.
The chances of this succeeding are so remote that they do not deserve consideration.
Such an action would trigger NATO Article 5 response, so the US would be obligated to...
Paraguay is easy: I can't see Brazil taking it in a context where Argentina is a US puppet, which in itself, of course, is unlikely, but hey we don't know about Latin American independence anyway.
Indonesia: its OTL division was a specific effect of the Napoleonic Wars, so either the...
They mentioned the Mediterranean.
Also, despite nomination being the default, the nominated heir very often happened to be (and was _expected_ to be) a son of the predecessor.