Louis XVI notably failed to escape in October 1789 and in June 1791.
In March 1815, Louis XVIII ordered arrest of Napoleon I. Fruitlessly. Army units and officers who had been ordered to do so, and actually personally promised to do so, defected to Napoleon instead.
How come Louis XVIII was able...
That´s not quite almost certain.
Alexander IV had several unlucky breaks:
He was son of a captive barbarian Roxane - Ptolemy called her out on it
Roxane was a minor barbarian at that. Her family was not very useful in wars of Diadochi
He was unborn
Alexander ended up not leaving a clear...
OTL, Alexander rejected the advice to marry before departing for Persian expedition.
But following the advice and marrying earlier would not have ensured stable single succession either.
How could Alexander groom a successor in a way that would encourage his successors to groom theirs in their...
They were invaded by land by Spain anyway. They were fighting it off, successfully. So why leave bishop´s posts vacant, rather than consecrate new bishops?
After Portuguese Revolution, in 1640, Pope of Rome sided with Spain and refused to appoint Portuguese bishops, till 1670.
For some reason, Portugal remained Catholic.
WI, Portuguese after failure of initial negotiations break communion with Rome outright? That is, keep the popular Catholic...
One clue that would have made Manlian Rome an interesting case...
While the Roman historians tried to play up heroic feats and victories of early Republic, the clear impression is that Old Republic sucked. Military defeats, the one major expansion was at the end, conquest of Veii in 396, and...
No, he wasn´t. He was only accused of unjust political killings.
The one Tarquinius accused of rape was his son Sextus Tarquinius and he was not Superbus´ only son - Superbus´ other sons were Titus and Arruns.
Brutus killed his both two sons (and left himself without posterity) accusing his...
In the first 125 years of Roman Republic, there were 5 alleged attempts to make Rome kingdom again, that I am aware of:
Tarquinius Superbus attempting restoration to throne, at some point with allies like king Lars Porsenna
Sp. Cassius Vecellinus, thrice consul, pursued popular politics and in...
Agreed. The Ecclesiastical College, as of 1792:
2 archbishops (Salzburg and Besancon. 3 were in Electoral College, and 2, namely Magdeburg and Bremen, lost to Reformation)
22 bishops
Heads of 7 monasteries at individual vote each: 4 titled "abbot", 3 titled "provost"
Grand Masters of 2 knightly...
Not quite.
It is easier for a man without birth-family connections to claim merit to become an abbot than it is for a woman without birth-family qualifications to claim merit to become an abbess.
The expectations on who could be a cardinal and how many there should be, changed. Repeatedly.
Potentially, entrenching some College of Cardinal votes as harder to achieve by career.
Certainly there would be attempts by all interested parties to manipulate the patronage. It would have knock-on effects if a sister of German Emperor or mother of English king is abbess not of Quedlinburg...
But not women generally, nor any laywomen. Nor right to be elected.
The college of cardinals was defined in 11th...12th centuries.
It consists of:
bishops, but not all bishops nor any archbishops - just the suburbicarian bishops
priests, of specified churches all in Rome, but not of all...