Kuwait.
I also think there would be some very serious conflicts between the various nations of the Mashriq if the US did exist as a common enemy and also as a possible participant in any armed conflict.
Chinese expansionism would be generally less inhibitted than it has been. I think...
16th-17th Century Latin Names
Common names used in the up until the seventeenth century in Latin maps were "America Mexicana" and "America Peruana", for North and South respectively. These are the best names I've encountered, and can be easily abbreviated as Mexicana and Peruana or Pervana...