Travel Guides

Inspired by these:www.alternatehistory.com/discu…
I decided to do a few of my own. I might eventually do maps for these, but I'm kinda hoping someone else will too. I'll do some more of these later. Here's the first six!


Anyone else can add more of their own to this thread, if they'd like.
 
#1 -Bartoum -
The world is dominated economically (but not at all militarily), by the League of Vinland (when searching for a name, this nation’s founders decided to let the Swedes have their way). The LoV, is a gargantuan, Holy-Roman Empire-like, league that spans from the Artic down to the Rio Bravo. Its member states elect a king who rules for life and send members to Parliament. Its capital is in ‘Bartoum’ (hence the world’s name), a city roughly OTL Saint Louis. Most of the member states of the league are European in origin, but a few are native. The Auodinosani (Iroquois), Shalagee (Cherokee), Pueblo, and Dakota are the biggest native states. Most of the Eastern seaboard directly east of the Mississippi and ‘Upper Canada’ were at one time British, the St. Lawrence River and the area to the west of the Mississippi were mostly settled by the French, and Florida and the South-West were conquered by Spain. The Swedes and Dutch were able to establish pockets here and there (Dutch Long Island, Swedish Newfoundland, the Dutch part of Florida, to name a few). Alyeska was Russian. The west coast (mainly OTL California) is fairly diverse; initially the Spanish sparsely settled the area, then the Russians colonized it, then the Chinese took it, then the Japanese, and then finally the Russians again. Frantsiskagrad is a fairly orderly and overly-policed place (in stark contrast to many of the other big cities of Vinland).
Outside of Vinland, the globe is dominated by several powers (none as isolationist politically as Vinland). An Orthodox Christian Clerical Fascist Russian state exists, and is busy threatening most of the rest of the world with its atomic weapons (though for whatever reason, the rest of the world really isn’t listening). The Czar in St. Petersburg (still semi-important) is growing increasingly worried as the Chinese Empire (long a Russian ally) is asserting its independence. Japan, Sinkiang, Mongolia, and Turkestan (united and cut off into its own clerical-fascist Muslim dictatorship) are all protectorates of Russia. Standing against the Russians are few other powers. The British Empire, though now greatly weakened, is growing in power. It still has its grasp on New Holland (Australia), New Wales (New Zealand), the Cape, and some bits of coastline in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and South America. France, still holding onto the coastal parts of Algeria, is also a middle power. The Hindustani Alliance (the founders thought India was too European, and Bharat was too Northern for the Southern Indians) is like OTL China; quickly growing and on the rise. India achieved its independence after a long and bloody war. Rather than having mass uprisings, or peaceful protests however, Hindustan achieved independence by having the Princely states rebel. Today, the Maratha Empire dominates most of Hindustan, while Nepal and Hyderabad are also enlarged. The other members are the Kingdoms of Travancore, Punjab, and Bengal.

#2 - C.S.A. -
This world, is a terrible Confederate dominated globe. In the war of 1832, the Britain was able to stake out its claims on the Oregon territory, as well as Michigan and Maine. To make up for lost territory, in the Mexican-American War, the U.S. took more territory. A radical Anti-slavery party won the U.S. presidential election in 1848, and the South seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The North was not as industrialized as in 1861, and Washington D.C. was quickly captured (Maryland, along with Missouri, Kentucky, and Southern California all joined the C.S.A.). Britain joined on the C.S.A.’s side, Mexico on the U.S.A’s. When the war finally ended in 1857, the C.S.A. controlled all of the U.S. (except for the parts Britain took) and Mexico. Today, the war is called ‘the Second American Revolution’.
Nowadays, the Confederacy controls all of Latin America. Although the Old world colonial powers have decolonized, the Confederacy has worked hard to incorporate the nations of Latin America into its system (they’ve lessened the restrictions on how white you have to be to be free considerably, but full-blooded blacks and Asians are still enslaved). Although most of the North was fairly ‘Southernized’, New England was spun off as a permanently disarmed state (it gets along well with Switzerland). The C.S.A. finally allowed women to vote in the ‘90s, and misogyny is still big. The government isn’t quite a democracy, but it’s no longer an autocracy. These days it’s more of an authoritarian Plutocracy. Religion is also important here: Christianity is the only legal religion (or was until Islam was legalized in the ‘60s) in most of the nation. Deseret and Long Island are the Mormon and Jewish reservations, respectively (mostly allowed to run themselves, most residents are not allowed to leave with receiving the proper paperwork).
World War I happened much the same way (the initial powder-keg was in Africa, rather than the Balkans).
The Rest of the world is also pretty nasty. Russia still went communist, though it’s considerably weaker (and smaller) than the OTL USSR. It was dominated by alternate Mensheviks and although it went through a bit of a Stalinist faze it is edging toward being moderate. Its revolutionary allies in South-East Asia and Africa are less moderate though. On terrible terms with the Confederacy, is the Holy Domain of China (HDC), a neo-legalist/Confucian/Buddhist/fascist/Asian supremacist/incredibly Anti-Western government that overthrew the European-supported Emperor and kicked out the Communists in the mid 1910s. China is truly authoritarian, and the first Regent of the HDC is still worshipped essentially as a God.
Saudi Arabia and an enlarged Afghanistan are both Islamic theocratic monarchies, and allied to the C.S.A.
Absent a true global police man, the former British Empire has partially stuck together in a military alliance much like NATO. Though still mostly democratic, the states of the Commonwealth are a bit militarily paranoid and socially conservative. Increasingly, the Commonwealth is being led by Canada, Australia, and India (currently sliding from Democracy into a Right-wing Hindu movement).

#3-Georgia- A world in which the British were able to prevent Georgia from rebelling along with the other colonies. With territory both north and south of the new U.S., the British were able to retake some strips of lands on either side in the war of 1799. Georgia was hugely angry about slavery, and revolted with U.S. help during the Napoleonic wars. Despite the U.S. help, Georgia remained an independent nation.
Flash forward to 2013. Georgia is a totalitarian authoritarian racialist regime, that survived (until recently) by keeping its head down. It was one the last states to abolish slavery (in the 1950s), though in practice it continues. Recently, given its economic troubles, it has turned to nuke-waving in order to survive. It contains roughly the OTL territories of Mississippi and Alabama, without their southern coastlines, and parts of South Carolina. The states of the Former U.S.A. broke up into an alternate civil war, and the most stable is Carolina.
Dominating much of the North American continent, is Canada (which includes the Louisiana territories, and everything west of them). Canada and Georgia are in a bit of a nuclear stand off. A mildly fascist (yet not officially racist, though racism persists) France (which successfully conquered Germany, and puppetized it in the mid 20th century) is another major power, and iffy ally of Georgia, but also of Canada (think China-North Korea-America). Much of Africa is still under the French boot. Russia, is only now reuniting after a very long civil war, under a shaky republic allied to Canada. India and Brazil are growing economic powerhouses. China is smaller and a lot poorer than OTL.

#4-Czardom- Starting in the 1600s, the Russian Czars were more expansive into Europe, and one Czar was as successful as Napoleon, and pushed the border of the empire up to the Rhine, in the early 1800s. A (hugely one-sided) nuclear war allowed Russia to push all the way to the Atlantic in 1932. Currently, the Eastern hemisphere is dominated by Russia. Russia expanded east almost as quickly as OTL, and directly incorporated China, the Balkans, Persia, Korea, and Scandinavia. South-East Asia, is united under the Burmese, who are the only strong Russian allies (rather than merely puppets), while India, the Middle East, and Africa are tiny vassals of that Russia liberated from Western European nations. Russian language, religion, and culture has been successfully imposed on almost all of the Eastern hemisphere. Russia is a wacky police state, ruled currently by Czar Ivan XVIII. The Protestants were crushed, and the Catholic and Orthodox Churches were reunited (with a new papacy that controls the city of Warsaw).
North America, north of the Nueces, is dominated by the weaker, second superpower. The American World Order (or A.W.O.), has a weird all-seeing eye on its flag, and is country run by a secretive elite. Its English speaking, and descended from the British colonies in North America. Freemasons, and several other secret societies run the place, these days more in the open. The government has violently suppressed the many Catho-Orthodixics loyal to the Pope in Warsaw. Sometimes it suppresses religion in general, preferring its own scientific rationality, but then again there are plenty of citizens that are Deists, Protestants, Cathars, or follow one of the several growing new religions. The government is even more totalitarian than Russia, on account of its weaker power, and on account of the fact that it seems the Cold War is tilting further in Russia’s favor. Citizens are monitored near constantly by the government. Rebellions of Pro-Russian religious types are mildly frequent. Although it has theoretically democratic insitutions, the ruling class exists separate from most people. In Mexico and Peru, the Pro-A.W.O. governments have a racialist flair. A.W.O.’s last allies in Eurasia, Nihhon and Britain, are Technocratic Socialist Spiritualist governments. The only neutral nations are New Holland (Australia), New Frisia (New Zealand), Iceland, and the ABC Group (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia).
Technology is stuck in the atomic era, despite nuclear weapons having been around for about a century. The Cold war goes on.

#5-Posthuman- Here, the world is at 3,000,000 A.D.. In 3,000 B.C., a new Ice Age started up, and by 500 A.D. all traces of civilizations had eroded back to hunter-gatherer status. Mass migrations occurred as the northernmost and southernmost areas of land became uninhabitable. 20% of all species went extinct, but humanity survived, eventually splitting into separate species.
When aliens arrived, they discovered three different species, one originated in the Americas, another in Afroeurasia, and the third in Australia. The first two have human intelligence, while the third is slightly less creative (lacking much in the way of art or religion, when compared with the other two), but equally logical. By the time of the aliens, all three had migrated to all of the continents, and civilization in Eurasia was at roughly an 1800 level of technology. Humanity rapidly mimicked Alien technology and advanced to interstellar empires. Today, a mighty empire that controls *Australia and most South America, is at peace with an empire that controls almost all of *Africa, plus the *Middle East and Western *India. A third, weaker power, is a China that is a Tibetan plateau that is inhabited almost solely by extraterrestrials (the settlers liked the high dry climate, and killed the three native human species that lived there).

#6-Slowdown- Here, Eurasia only discovered the Americas in 1949. Before that time, the Industrial revolution was held off, and much in the way of science was prevented. The Moors reconquered and pillaged Spain before it could sail west, and then went on to pillage the Italian peninsula as well. The English Kings successfully united the British Isles with France, and the German Emperors kept their realms together. Byzantium lasted a lot longer (until 1803), due to a weaker Middle East. Europe was torn apart in a 130-year long war between England and Germany (ironically not nearly as devastating as our World Wars). Russia remains backwards, but continues expanding east. It’s lost a lot of territory to the Germans, and increasingly is becoming easternized as Turks and Tartars (Christianized) make up greater share of the population. In China, the Qing remained in power up until a Dynastic revolution in 1910. Japan did come out of isolation at roughly the same time as OTL however, and established colonies in the Philippines and Indonesia, and still went on to try (unsuccessfully) to conquer China. At least it got Korea. In the wake of the downfall of the Catholic Church, and the retreat of the Muslims back into Africa a century ago, Italy has been united as one of the world’s few major republics (the other ones are Greece, and the *Indonesia city-states), and has its capital in Venice (which held out against the Moors for a while).
The Industrial revolution is only now starting up. Feudalism ended in Eurasia, but harsh opposition to secularists, heathens, and other races did not. Nationalism still rose. Other ideologies, have yet to do so though. The equivalent of the French Revolution, in Germany, is just one major famine away. The telegraph, radio, and photograph have existed for nearly a century, but are still rare. Guns and Cannons took longer to arrive, but were in Western Europe by the early 1700s.
Without Europeans, the Aztecs still collapsed, and were replaced a Zapotec Empire that outdid the Aztecs at everything (and ended cannibalism and Human sacrifice), and ended up conquering all but one of the Mayan states as well. It has 30% literacy, and is more populous than all of Europe (or was until European diseases started arriving a decade ago, and have since killed off 18% of the population). Its religion is now technically monotheistic, but to the average masses the different forms of god seem like different gods. In South America, the Inca have limited contact with the Zapotec, and have partially embraced Zapotec writing, though now the Inca are in a civil war.
In Africa, the Islamic Agande Empire has formed and united most of Sub-Saharan West Africa. Increasingly, it’s allied with England which seeks to liberate Iberia from Morocco (the Agande’s capital was once burned to the ground by Morocco, so their old enemies). Zanzibar is sub-saharan Africa’s other big power. Egypt and Persia, the two biggest powers of the middle-east, have seen better days, and are rife with internal corruption and revolt. A messianic religious movement in Persia seeks to overthrow the sultan.
India is united under a new empire and new religion: something similar to Sikhism which is a synthesis of Islam and Hinduism, or weird offshoot of Islam (depending on your opinion). The Holy Empire of Bharat is energetically trying to spread its new religion to the mighty Emirate of Afghanistan (which rules all of Central Asia up to Russia, and fights with China over Eastern Turkestan). Tropical South-East Asia is divided between the Empires of Burma, Siam, and Viet. Indonesia is now balkanized into a thousand tiny Islamic states (all republics, interestingly), that have begun to settle Australia. Some of the Indonesia city-states have fallen prey to Japanese adventurers, so the rest are uniting against the Japanese. Indonesian explorers have made it as far as Hawaii (whose King is energetically trying to get his subjects to adopt Islam).
The few centuries should be interesting…..
 
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#7-Mittleuropa- A world in which Hitler died in 1935, and after several power struggles, a much milder leader comes to power. The World is divided into three blocs: one dominated by the U.S., another by the U.S.S.R., and a third by Japan. Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Switzerland, Sweden, and the Netherlands are all tied together in a neutral and wealthy alliance called “the Mittleuropan Union.”
The U.S., is the richest nation, with allies in Western Europe, Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand. The U.S.S.R. supports the Italian communist government that overthrew Mussolini in the ‘50s, as well as everything east of the Mittleuropan Union, save Finland (here, even Greece and Turkey were overrun by the Soviets). Mongolia and Sinkiang are fairly monitored by the U.S.S.R., given closeness to Japan. Japan itself, only controls the home islands, but Korea, Manchuria, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Malaysia, and continental South-East Asia are all close allies. Japan’s biggest, and richest ally, is the Republic of India, which, although still democratic, shies away from the U.S. and the Soviets after American and Soviet proxies fought a civil war in Eastern Pakistan (since absorbed into India, much to the Pro-American West Pakistan’s government anger). The closest this world came to WWIII, was the Persian war, in which Persia, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria were all divided up between Pro-U.S. Southern governments, and Pro-Soviet Northern ones (the Pro-Soviet government in Egypt was definitely crushed by the U.S.).
Israel was never formed. Cuba was annexed by the U.S. True gender equality has been achieved in the Soviet Union (more socialist than OTL- resulting in a more equal yet poor society). The U.S. is unintentionally more racist than in our world, though plenty of people crusade against racism. Blacks are getting better and better treatment (South Carolina and Mississippi are the last states where it’s really impossible for them to vote), but Asians are not. The Space and Arms race continue, on all three sides. Electric cars are back (after a decade of virtually no middle-eastern oil). There are actual settlements on the moon. Hippie-type culture is now swinging in (though it has less emphasis on eastern religions and philosophies, probably due to continued Japanese brutality). Science is a bit more advanced, though there’s no internet. Hypnotic Glasses, genetically-modified humans, and a new chemical that can make you invisible for a few hours, all exist.

#8-Old World- A world where the Americas, Australia, Africa south of Lake Malawi, and the Pacific islands east of Sulawesi don’t exist.
History in Eurasia and North Africa was the same up to 1492, when Columbus was eventually overthrown by his crew, and his expedition was turned around. Further expeditions met the same fate, and it was not until 1938 that a successful expedition from France to Japan by sea occurred.
The Protestant Reformation still occurred, though these days Luther is a little-known precursor to the much more famous Jan Klawos. Poland and Germany, converted to Klawoicism. In the late 1700s, the more conservative nations of the British Isles and Scandinavia split with the Pope in Rome, after the Pope had a number of liberal reforms (including allowing Priests to marry), and formed their own ‘Restored Catholic Church’, with a Pope in Scotland.
There weren’t the same space-filling empires that dominated in our world. Portugal gradually established dominion over much of Southern coastal Africa, Indonesia, plus a few port cities in India and China. In the 17th Century, France established its own empire in Western coastal Africa, while England grabbed most of the more easterly Portuguese bits. Spain never managed to get an empire, and became a bit of a battlefield between Portugal and France. The Ottoman Empire was able to remain steady for much longer, and even in the 18th century made serious gains in reclaiming North Africa. Europeans never really got into the deepest interior of Africa, and even at the height of their dominion, North Africa and a dozen largish native states remained fiercely independent. Colonialism was never as profitable as OTL, and without mass resettlement by European peoples, European powers were content to merely vassalize tiny African chiefdoms. The Netherlands failed to materialize.
India, had even fewer Europeans. By the late 1800s, a united Germany (but still no Italy), was getting into the game, and competing with France for protector of the South-East Asian Kingdoms.
The Industrial Revolution went similarly to OTL, perhaps 20 years late.
The French revolution came a century late, but transpired roughly as OTL (maybe less Anti-Church stuff, and more Anti-nonwhite stuff, combined with firm support of Republicanism). It lasted in France, for a decade before it was replaced with a more moderate republic, but failed to spread to the other Kingdoms of Europe.
This world’s Great War started in 1930, as the Russian Empire (slightly smaller in Central Asia and in Poland than OTL’s 1914 Russia) and its ally in industrialized Japan attempted to bring the world to its knees. Much of the kingdoms of Europe and Asia fought against these two behemoths, and divided them up after the war’s end (Russia, had more native Siberian peoples than OTL, and so these peoples were given their own nations).
These days, the world is increasingly unipolar, and dominated by a benevolent technocratic China (the Jiao Dynasty Emperor is purely ceremonial). The world is a bit of a 50s punk, but without the Red scare paranoia. Former colonies got their independence two generations ago, and are mostly more stable and doing better than OTL (much more native culture has been preserved). Capitalism pervades, as Chinese and to a lesser extent European, Turkish, Russian, Japanese, Persian, and Marathi corporations dominate Africa. Most nations have monarchs, but many are increasingly democratic (in the European way) or benevolent technocratic (in the Chinese way). Tibet and Sinkiang have been steamrolled just as OTL, but the Chinese here are better a keeping a firm grip on both. There’s less of a difference between the richest nations of the world and poorest than in OTL. There’s also less of a difference between church and state. A Jewish republic was created out of the Russian far east, and as it swells with immigrants from all over the world its doing fairly well. Despite a much smaller world, there are slightly more nations than OTL; plenty of small states in Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Africa exist. A big success story has been Sanja (from the Persian Zanj), a state on the southern-most tip of Africa that exists as a mix between blacks, Arab traders, Portuguese, French, and large Indian minorities.

#9-Bod-
In the late 8th Century, a series of different rulers of the Tibetan empire ensured that Tibetan would remain united.
After half a millennium of Tibetan rule, the Bengal Delta region and the Tarim Basin were both hugely Tibetanified (in culture, language, and religion, though not in ethnicity).
By the year 2013, Tibet is the ‘Twin Kingdoms of Bod and Nanzhao’, having united dynastically with the Kingdom of Nanzhao which controls South-western China and much of OTL Laos and Burma (coastal Burma is part of Tibet). Tibetan rule over Kashmir and much of Central (OTL Kyrgyzstan in particular) has been solidified. The Bangla and Nepali regions are directly controlled from Lhasa. The independent states of the Indian subcontinent are mostly Tibetan vassals (Hinduism petered out, and now the Indian subcontinent is entirely Muslim or Buddhist). A different wave of alt-Mongol invasion in the 1500s successfully conquered Northern China, and North and South have been divided since (conveniently played off against one another by the Tibetans who’re slowing gobbling up more and more of China). Tibet’s colonial empire also includes Somalia and a chunk of Australia. Unlike our Tibet (or what an independent Tibet would look like), this Tibet’s leadership is nowadays fairly secular (though Buddhism may still dominate politically), as the government is ruled by national Kings rather than Lamas. The kingdom of Mahajayvai in Western Indonesia and Malaysia, is Buddhist and a strong Tibetan ally.
Much of the world is still dominated by European empires. In Europe, the first major butterfly was the failure of the Norman invasion of 1066, leading to a much more Germanic England (with an alphabet containing 30 letters!). Instead, the Normans were able to successfully unite France, and later create a united Italy. Germany in this world never successfully united, but Italy has been a united kingdom since 1312. The black plague was worse than in OTL, and produced much more radical changes in Europe (namely, technology actually went backwards for a brief time, but the importance of science was noticed far earlier, much of the older nobility lost its powers in peasant revolts that created much more constitutional governments). Although there is still a pope in Rome, and to this day the church is theoretically united, Ceasaropapism has been the norm and the church is anything but united.
Spain first discovered the Americas, and much of it is still controlled by Spain, while England (which directly includes Ireland and OTL Brazil, and is the puppet master of Scotland), France, Italy, and some of the German states control all of Africa, portions of the Middle East, and the areas of South-East Asia and Australia outside of Tibetan control. Nueva Catalonia, an alternate Canada of mixed Spanish and English heritage, is a minor power, if fairly isolationist. Russia is still backwards, very isolated from Europe, and has repeatedly been beaten by European coalitions, the Mongols of North China, and Tibetan-backed revolts of native Siberian peoples.
The world is still mostly under English, Spanish, French, Tibetan and Italian control (with approximately two-thirds of the world under those empires). The more or less openly racist intellectuals of Europe admire Tibet as one of the few non-western spots of true civilization in the world (indeed, many Westerners learn to read and write in Tibetan). Currently the second biggest economy in the world, Tibet is neck and neck with England. Tibetan Buddhist missionaries and Western Catholic missionaries travel the world (sometimes coming close to conflict).
While the other powers range from mildly right wing and definitively conservative to centrist (say, imagine the OTL U.S. politics of the 1920s), the Tibetan parliament is the only parliament with left wing parties (albeit still traditionalist). Tibet increasingly sees itself as the liberator of oppressed peoples, the motivator of science, and the bringer of Buddhism to the world (Tibet is more religious than the now secular governments of Europe, save for Spain and Italy).
 
I did a map for one of these, and may do some more.

Bartoum.png
 
Without Europeans, the Aztecs still collapsed, and were replaced a Zapotec Empire that outdid the Aztecs at everything (and ended cannibalism and Human sacrifice), and ended up conquering all but one of the Mayan states as well. It has 30% literacy, and is more populous than all of Europe (or was until European diseases started arriving a decade ago, and have since killed off 18% of the population). Its religion is now technically monotheistic, but to the average masses the different forms of god seem like different gods. In South America, the Inca have limited contact with the Zapotec, and have partially embraced Zapotec writing, though now the Inca are in a civil war.
One question about this part, why? None of this makes any sense, picking a random Mesoamerican civilization off of wikipedia or something and making them into super-conquerors at the drop of the hat seems pointless. Why is a very pertinent question to every statement there. Why did the Aztecs still collapse? Why were they replaced by the Zapotecs of all people? Why did the Zapotecs end human sacrifice? Why (and HOW) did the Zapotecs conquer everybody excluding a random Maya state? Why are they so illiterate? Why are they monotheistic? Why did people start adopting Zapotec writing instead of using superior Mayan writing?
 
One question about this part, why? None of this makes any sense, picking a random Mesoamerican civilization off of wikipedia or something and making them into super-conquerors at the drop of the hat seems pointless. Why is a very pertinent question to every statement there. Why did the Aztecs still collapse? Why were they replaced by the Zapotecs of all people? Why did the Zapotecs end human sacrifice? Why (and HOW) did the Zapotecs conquer everybody excluding a random Maya state? Why are they so illiterate? Why are they monotheistic? Why did people start adopting Zapotec writing instead of using superior Mayan writing?

The Aztec Empire of OTL was bound to collapse eventually, probably less than a century of OTL. There were too many rebelling client kingdoms, the wars with Tlaxcala were not going well, and too many invading tribes from the North (the Aztecs themselves had been one such tribe less than two centuries before).

The Zapotecs were able to mostly keep their independent kingdoms even during Aztec rule, some as Aztec client states. The Zapotecs were a lot more stable than the rest of the Aztec world at this time, and they were far away from the OTL wars against Northern Barbarians and the Tlaxcalans (and also far away from ATL civil wars that would inevitably arise in a still uncontacted Aztec Empire). After the collapse of the Aztecs, and the no-longer important Mayan states still fighting and falling further from their classical glories, the Zapotecs are probably in the best situation in Mesoamerica to establish an empire. I do make the assumption here, that the Mayans are able to reestablish some of their ancient states, and unite in the face of the Zapotec threat.

As far as human sacrifice goes, it's important to note that large-scale human sacrifice was practiced less amongst pre-Aztec mesoamerican peoples, and amongst Zapotecs it had always been particularly low. It's also important to note one reason why human sacrifice was practiced in such huge amounts under the Aztecs: Mesoamerican agriculture supported a relatively large population, until in the post-classic period northern barbarians (such as the Mexica/Aztec themselves) destroyed this agricultural system. I'm assuming overpopulation would become less of a problem, (1) the fall of the Aztecs is bloody and results in lots more people dying, (2) under a reinvigorated empire, much of the old agricultural system is reestablished, supporting a greater population, and (3) new technologies would eventually come along and farming more productive.

Far from being illiterate, if the Zapotecs were able to achieve 30% literacy, that would be a massive advancement over previous Mesoamerican cultures. For instance, I read somewhere that in the entire history of the Roman empire, at no time did over one third of the population become literate. In Mesoamerica, the situation was even worse. Mayan writing is highly complicated, and varied hugely from region to region. Thus, in OTL pre-columbian cultures never had very high literacy (I would estimate well below 10% literacy). I'm assuming that over the centuries, a Zapotec version of Mayan writing would develop, and would be far more simplified.

The Zapotecs' monotheism is largely an assumption I make based on the fact that religions will always change and drift from their origin, comparative trends in middle East (though I'm not saying monotheism is inevitable), and on the fact that according to another book I read, Aztec priests were coming (by the end of the OTL Aztec Empire) to regard all of their gods as one.

Hope that answers 'why'.
 
Much of what you said is incorrect. That the Aztecs were teetering on the edge of collapse is not likely. They had many enemies, yes, but what empire didn't? The Aztecs enemies clustered around an outside-context threat that came out of nowhere and had luck and a few other key advantages on their side enabling them to topple the empire, but the enemies of the Mexica on their own were quite weak. Tlaxcala was actually on the verge of defeat, not the other way around. The Aztec Triple Alliance had them hemmed in on all sides and were draining them of manpower, why would you think they were winning? The Tlaxcalteca only sided with the Spanish because they were desperate, and even then not all of them agreed, some would've preferred to ally with the Mexica. It'd be like Genghis Khan invading Europe in 100 AD, around the height of the Roman Empire. Rome's enemies would've loved a chance to ally with these advanced and powerful foreigners, and the plagues brought by the Mongols (namely the Black Death) would've made it almost impossible for the Romans to put up a prolonged fight.

And the Zapotecs are still a poor choice even in the unlikely event of sudden Aztec collapse. The Zapotecs were far from the only major civilization besides the Nahua states. The Mixtecs held more power and influence than did the Zapotecs at this time. And if the Maya were still falling from glory as you said, the Zapotecs pretty much hit rock bottom already. They went from being the overlords of Oaxaca to playing second-fiddle to the Mixtec states in a relatively short time after the Classic Era whereas the Maya weren't paying tribute to foreigners in Tenochtitlan or Coixtlahuaca or wherever. The K'iche' in Guatemala were a more powerful state to be sure than the Zapotecs, and that's just one tribe. In comparison there were only even really two major sites controlled by the Zapotecs by this time, Zaachila and Mitla, and both were tiny compared to the cities in Central Mexico. So basically, a civilization of little power who had already been paying tribute to former vassals before the Aztecs came onto the scene are going to outdo the Mexica who had a much greater position and resources and take over stronger nations that haven't been destroyed yet?

For that matter, the Zapotecs were not particularly adverse to human sacrifice by Mesoamerican standards. They might not have been as big on it as the Mexica (though the Mexica were only able to sacrifice so many people because they were much more successful in warfare than everybody else at the time, their ideology wasn't alien to other Nahua), but they still practiced some rituals much more extreme than other peoples, particularly the Maya. And I never heard anything about the Nahua, even the Aztecs, destroying the agricultural systems in central Mexico. If anything they advanced them. They built huge farms right out onto the lakes.

That the Maya's method of writing was more complicated is a plus in their favor. Pictograms and ideographs simply aren't efficient for a spreading, organized writing system. Zapotec writing was crude in comparison to Mayan. The Maya used a logo-syllabic system much like the Chinese, which is self-evidently not too complicated that it can't spread or be used by many people at all. The Maya also had fewer symbols total than the Chinese, meaning less to memorize. That literacy rates were low isn't particularly astounding, in the rest of the world that had writing surprisingly few people could read still, even though by the 1500's they had printing presses in Europe and Asia.

And your assumptions on religion seem to be biased with a Eurocentric view. For starters Mesoamerican religion can't be exactly compared with European polytheism or monotheism, they had very different views on theology and cosmology from historical European peoples. If I had to compare them to other cultures you might be more familiar with, I'd say the concepts of divinity and the like in Mesoamerica more resembled that of India and Japan. In any case, there was no real trend to monotheism. There is a lot of pseudohistorical claims as well as debates over figures like "Ometeotl" but no real proof that there was a trend towards monotheism by any Mesoamerican peoples. Not even the forced conversion to Christianity during the conquest could stop the polytheistic tendencies of the natives from being expressed to this day, even if typically under the guise of saints.
 
Hopefully this works:

#10- Hell on the Wabash

The year is 1946, and the world is at peace, but not for long. It appears that any day now, the world will break out into war, a world war, the likes of which have not been seen since 1919. The main blocs of this world are the League of Berlin, and the London Pact. Neither one of them represents democracy. The Americas is perhaps the most interesting part of this world. As in many worlds, the continent is divided between the US and CS. The US, in this world, controls (formerly) British Canada. The US, at home, has embraced a sort of multi-cultural nationalism, in which all different (European) cultures have combined to create a superior American society. Because of this, they have settled "loyal Unionists" in the Canadian provinces, which have been divided into smaller states. Some of them have already been admitted into the Union with such interesting names as "Adams", "Harrison", "Hayes", and "Garfield". The US is dominated by the Democratic-Republican Party, originally the Democrats, who swallowed up the Republicans later on the 1880s. They have the presidency currently, with President Thomas Dewey, representing the former Republican wing, and his Vice-President, John P O'Brien, representing the Irish Democrats. They compete against the Socialists, who embrace Democratic Socialism, and the Federalists, who believe in big-government. The US is focused heavily on rearmament, and preparation for the next war against the CS, and is known to some as a technocratic country, due to their emphasis on technology and connection.

The CS is a very different place. The nation is controlled by the Popular Party, under Huey Long, currently. He attained power almost a decade ago, on the platform of reforming the country. Before that point, the nation had been on the brink of collapse, with the Whig party's decadent planters and bourgeoisie almost coming to blows with the lower class whites of the Whig Party, and Socialists, and black revolutionaries. The Populists believe in a mix of Socialist and Democratic policy, with some authoritarian elements, and they value the average people as the base of their party. They managed to get the country out of the depression of 1925, with mass-work programs, which managed to build a lot of mega-projects, such as irrigation in the states of northern Mexico, annexed during the Mexo-Dixie War of 1895, where, along with Cuba, they instituted a policy of giving whites large amounts of money to go there and set up farms there with cheap labor. With the help of low payed Mexicans, irrigation there was created, and those states now have heavily agricultural economies. The CSA is strange in the way that it is almost medieval, in society, having a very rich upper class, virtually no middle class, and a large lower class of whites, and a huge class of blacks, who sharecrop, or work as semi-serfs, as well as the fact that the CS has virtually no industry. Creating factories has been another one of President Longs goals. He has managed to rouse the lower class white farmers out of their failing farms, and into nationalized factories, built by corps of other formerly unemployed. The CSA actually now has a booming industrial sector. This is making very unhappy the landowners. The Popular Party takes a nationalist, and revanchist stance. They are known for being very interested in reacquiring Northern and Western Virginia (as well as killing those Hillbillies who collaborated with the Unionists there), as well as Kentucky, and Oklahoma.

Europe is also recovering from the Great War (as it is known [for now]). Dominating the continent is the German Empire, which has embraced the ideals of militarism and science. During the war, alongside its puppet the Dutch, it annexed Belgium, parts of France, such as Franche-Comté, the Ardennes, and Burgundy, where quite a few Germans have settled. It also managed to grab a bit off of Russia, and directly annexing the Baltic region and parts of Poland, which now have influxes of Junkers. In the rush for peace, it left Russia behind in civil war. Fighting alongside Germany in that war were Sweden, which acquired Finland and Norway as puppets, and the Kola peninsula outright. Austria-Hungary, which annexed parts of Romania and Serbia. Bulgaria managed to form an Empire out of the Crimea and Romania, later intervening in the Turkish Civil War, gaining Constantinople and the north, now, that Empire, which has the belief that Slavs are the descendents of the Greeks, is close to control over the Black Sea. All of these nations, as well as the US, are loyal members of the Berlin Pact, except Austria-Hungary, for the simple reason that it no longer exists. In 1927, during the Global Depression, with ethnic tensions, and socialists, it collapsed into civil war. German and Bulgarians joined in, annexing a good bit of land, though many smaller states were carved out of Austria-Hungary's wreckage. These nations are known for the nationalism contained in their people, as well as heavy industrialization, where, in the case of German Poland, it is driving Polish migrants into the URSR.
Opposing this group is another alliance, the London League. The major nations in this alliance are the British Republic, France, the CSA, the URSR, and Japan. They are united by a common thought of revanchism (well all except Japan), having been beaten in the Great War. The British Republic is an aristocratic republic, with a strong middle class. It overthrew the King at the end of the Great War, and instituted a republic, losing Ireland in the process. Though a legitimate democracy for a while, that ended when Winston Churchill and the British Union of Populations gained control of the state. They support defeating Germany, and recovering Ireland, which is staunchly nationalist. They don't really want much of the Empire they lost back. France is revanchist, just as it was before the Great War, but with more insane leaders, who would likely paint their Pancers red. The URSR is communist, and controls Russia. It has nationalized all industry, and the leaders support destroying Germany, Sweden, and Bulgaria. It is really only allied with the rest of the League because of common goals, not ideology. Japan is an interesting nation. It actually managed to win the Great War, in a way, gaining German island colonies, and Sakhalin later on, during the Russian Civil War. Though they took German lands, the Germans, in 1919, didn't have the energy to recover those islands. In the years after the war, Japan has become dominated by a mix of Buisnessism and Militarism. They have since then managed to invade, and gain heavy influence through commerce in the independent states of Indochina, incorporating them into a sort of Greater East Asian Mutual Assistance Economic Region (GEAMAER). It intends to acquire Hawaii from the US, although it is currently warring in China against the Empire, which fights warlords and Communist rebels.
There are a few neutral nations in the world, chiefly, the Raj, Brazil, and Italy. The Raj (officially the United Kingdom's, though it has no land there) is perhaps the most interesting. During the collapse of the British Empire, the Royal Family fled to India, there it took over as head of the Raj, which stretched from Mesopotamia to Burma. A few colonies, like Australia and South Africa swore allegiance to the monarchy in India, while some, like Guiana and the Caribbean stayed with the Republic. Others became little quagmires. It has expanded into China these days, and is a mix of many different cultures, Indian, Burmese, Tibetan, Afghan, Turkic, and Persian. Only due to the shrewdness of the government, and the fact that it uses gas and authoritarian tactics, keeps the country apart. The colonies, like South Africa, are annoyed at the mixing of Englishmen with Indians, and are considering leaving, or closing trade a little more. Italy is an independent, unaligned state. Though it had alliances with Germany and Austria-Hungary, it stayed neutral in the Great War, they are beginning to feel regret, as the French are unhappy the Italians did not side with them, and the Germans are seeming awfully threatening. They will likely be in the next war, but on what side? It is hard to tell. Brazil is still monarchical, and is a regional power. If they joined the war, they would certainly be a great help, with millions of fresh men. Although, they still keep down the blacks and natives, so are ripe for revolt.
-Note: Two Days after this report was received, CS forces began a sneak attack, smashing US forces and pushing up the Mississippi, starting the Second Great War.




The name refers to an old US fife-and-drum tune, one that was commonly heard during the reporters time in that world.
 
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#11-The Untied States of America

In this world, in which the year is 2013, the United States of America does not exist, nor does any other major power dominating North America. Instead, a hodge-podge of independent republics and monachys make a patchwork that covers the continent from Panama to the Yukon. On the east coast, the Federation of the Carolinas controls the coastline from North Carolina down. It is an aristocratic republic. North of them, Virginia is a republic, streching out to the Mississippi. Pennsylvania is divided between the North, the Republic of the Wyoming, an English speaking state, and the Pennsylvaanisch Republic, a German speaking state with ties to the Empire. New York is divided between the Mercentile State of New York, which controls the city and Long Island, and trades to remain a cohesive state. Manhattan in this world is heavily populated, even denser than OTL Singapore. North of them, the Hudson Vrijstatt exists, speaking Amerikaans, a mix of Dutch, English, and Algonquin languages. New England is controlled by the New England Republic, which, though it is possibly the most free nation on the continent, has heavy religious influences. It has taken the Maritimes from Britain. The rest of the continent holds such states as a Scots-Irish state in the Ozarks, a Metis state, a surviving Iriqouis Confederacy in western New York, and a New Norden, based out of OTLs UP. Russia controls a strech from Alaska to Northern California, although this area is populated mainly by ethnic Manchurians and Japanese, fleeing the war there. Mexico exists, but controls less than OTL, and subscribes to a form of Aztec Nationalism, and are forced to fight "Neo-Butterfly Wars".

The rest of the world is more unified than North America. South America is dominated by the Empire of Brazil, which is in the German sphere, and the Federation of the Pampas, which is ruled by rancher-lords, which falls into the French sphere. Europe is, in this world, divided into two major blocs. The Anglo-German alliance is at odds with the Franco-Austro-Russian Entente. There are some other states in Europe aligned with these powers, such as Spain, which is allied with France, and the Nordenreich, which is allied with Germany. This rivalry has existed since the mid-20th century, and a few small wars have occured, but mostly in the colonys. Nationalism in these states is high, and propaganda films blare from public speakers, as well as announcements about the arms races that are occuring. Outside of Europe, colonialism is rampant. Britain has the most colonys, controlling much of Africa, India, and Oceania. France controls a good bit as well. The Ottoman Empire no longer exists, carved up by the British, French, and Russians, who have created colonies out of it, as well as an enemy, in the form of a revanchist Turkish Imperial State. East Asia is an interesting place. Qing China devolved into insanity, with Boxers, Europeans, and Japanese invaders. Eventually, a Chinese general by the name of Sun Yat-Sen, managed to reform China, but his successors were not as talented as him. Since the 1940s, East Asia has been in a state of constant war, between warlords, Japanese, and the Chinese central government. This, as well as Central Asia, has become an area where the Entente and Anglo-German Alliance have fought for influence, using puppets and proxys. Though there is much colonialism on earth, there is also some in space. Ever since the 1960s, man has been in space, and permenant colonies have been set up on the Moon, Mars, and some of the asteroids, while explorers have been as fire away as Pluto and Mercury.

Technology on this world is different than the technology here. In some ways, there, technology is more advanced, while in other fields, it is less advanced. Civilian technology resembles the 1940s, but with jet planes, while the military technology resembles the 1950s and 60s, but with more emphasis on super-heavy tanks. Atomic and Chemical weaponry is still completely allowed, but is not commonly used. Naval technology is more like the 40s, however, but with arms races resembling the OTL ones pre-WW1. But, interestingly, space technology is much better, with jump drives, albeit with quite limited ranges, having been created. Space technology resembles the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, but with less computerization.
 

Alkahest

Banned
Here's one I did ages ago:

#12- Nostradamus

In this world, Michel de Nostredame (better known as Nostradamus IOTL) was never expelled from the University of Montpellier, as he managed to hide his past as an apothecary from the procurator. A student of his developed the germ theory of disease (though it took several decades before it was seen as anything other than a fringe theory) and from there on earlier breakthroughs in several fields of medicine and agriculture led to a dramatically increased world population.

The theory of evolution by natural selection was well-established when the Industrial Revolution popped up in the late 17th century, undercutting the power of both church and nobility and giving rise to organized labor. In the late 18th century the Productivist (Marxism with an Objectivist aesthetic) Ergatocracy of All the Germanies rose to prominence, conquered most of Europe and promised to create an utopia for the productive class. In 1849 it fell, leading most future societies to treat economics more like engineering than dogma. France celebrated the birth of the 20th century by putting a man on Mars but was soon left in the dust by the growing economies in the New World and Asia.

In the year 2012, two great federations constitute the superpowers of this world. The primarily Spanish-speaking (although French, English, Portuguese, Swedish, Polish and Japanese are all significant minority languages) Alianza de Amistad is made up of several American and Columbian (South America is known as America, North America as Columbia) states with a significant degree of autonomy. Ireland is also a member, for some reason. The AA is more of a proper federation than the OTL EU, but far more loosely connected than the OTL US. Each state has its own system of governance, with republican parliamentary democracy (like in Nova Gallia) only being one option among many. Some states (like Florida) use direct democracy via the TM, Tapisserie Mondial (the Internet-equivalent of this world), some (like Peru) elect kings and some (like Wabanaki) are de facto or de jure technocracies run by scientists, both humans and jinn (AI:s).

The AA has a common currency and a fully integrated market. It also guarantees the right of all citizens to travel, work and live wherever they choose in the alliance. This means that one's political leanings largely influence where one lives, as practically all citizens are wealthy enough to move without too much of a problem (the AA has a very developed welfare system, which leads some remaining Productivists to grumble about layabouts). Speech is generally free, prostitution and a multitude of recreational drugs are legal and “marriage” (though that term was abandoned long ago) can include any number of people of any sex (male and female have been joined by a few percent “both” and “neither”) or species. All sapient beings, no matter if they are biological or not, have the rights given to all citizens. On the other hand, reproduction (here like elsewhere) is tightly regulated and several religions are classified as dangerous mental illnesses. The AA is the wealthiest of the great powers, although both its military and space presence is lacking. Its bewildering variety of different political systems can also lead to internal tensions and the AA is very slow to make decisions and act, even after over half a century of streamlining.

Its main rival, geopolitically and ideologically, is the Dutch- and English-speaking Kracht Hegemony, which consists of Australia, New Zealand, the East Indies, most of Southeast Asia, parts of East Africa, a large chunk of southern China and a bunch of old Indian states. Despite its geography, it's a very centralized, technocratic state where all major decisions are made by the Raad in Singapura. Vitalism could be called this world's version of fascism, without the racism, nationalism and personality cults. Vitalists are obsessed with “fitness” and technology and believe that the past is in the past for good reasons. Cyborgs (here known as machinemensen) proudly expose their modifications, weapon engineers and scientists are major celebrities and the national anthem sounds like a hideous mix of industrial metal and dubstep. Despite its glorification of the military and war in general, the Hegemony currently poses little danger to its neighbors as it is fully occupied with “perfecting” its population. Practically all Hegemony citizens are patriotic, brave, strong and filled with hatred towards the state's enemies. Genetic engineering and sophisticated neural implants have not only created a healthy society, it has created a society where treason is rather literally unthinkable. Australia is much more densely populated than IOTL, and the transformation of Australia into a green and verdant land is just as impressive as the undergoing terraforming of Mars.

A distant third power is the Système Français. Paris, which once ruled over the most powerful empire on Earth, now only controls France itself and its two “colonies”, South England and Kirinyaga, a strip of land between Mont Kirinyaga (OTL Mount Kenya) and the coast. Troublesome South England has a considerable degree of autonomy and might soon gain full independence, but Kirinyaga is not so lucky. The reason for this is that the world's only space elevator rises from Mont Kirinyaga into the sky. France gives its own passengers and cargo preferential treatment, but the fees are kept low enough to not tempt the Hegemony or someone else into simply invading. Space colonization is the only area where France can still compete with the big boys, and it's not going to give up its one edge without a fight. Though the French said the same thing about Hindustan, which still slipped out of their fingers almost a hundred years ago. France is today a vaguely Vitalist (more focus on technology, less focus on being a complete dick) technocracy which puts most of its energy into its large Mars colony (population about two million as of 2012), something many Earthbound citizens resent.

Other powers are the United Empire of Japan-Korea (Nihon to Kankoku no Tōitsu Teikoku), the German Union (Deutsch Union) and the Commonwealth of Sweden-Poland (Samväldet Sverige-Polska). Japan-Korea, which controls Manchuria, parts of eastern Siberia and Alaska, is allied with the Hegemony and has a similar ideology. The German Union and Sweden-Poland are currently discussing plans for an alliance modeled after the AA, which greatly worries France. Sweden-Poland used to have a reputation for exporting religious violence and for having a particularly mean-spirited inquisition, but the Swede-Poles have mellowed out in recent decades.

The jinn (the word comes from an old Persian science fiction novel) are sapient artificial intelligences. In this world, uploading (that is, copying the memories and personality of a brain onto a computer) came before the creation of general AI, and jinn are actually constructed from small parts of basic human cognitive systems patched together rather than being coded “from scratch”. That does not mean jinn minds are necessarily all that similar to human minds, but the underlying structure is the same. Jinn have full citizenship rights in the AA, the German Union, Sweden-Poland and other liberal polities, but few or no rights in most Vitalist polities. On the other hand, pretty much no-one has anything we would identify as a “right” in a Vitalist society.

“Geesten” are minds that were previously housed in a human brain but which now have moved on to a state as computer code. Many are “reincarnated” in human bodies, but others prefer the durability and efficiency of metal and plastic. Living in completely virtual worlds is a third option. Uploading, combined with a very advanced medical science, has put humanity in the curious situation of having beaten death, as all geesten keep backups of themselves and more and more people are “going geest” each year, as the early bugs are ironed out. The oldest mind currently active was actually born in the year 1815, and the soon-to-be “bicentennial generation” holds most of the money and power in this world. “Mortalist” terrorism is common, both from the remaining religious people who feel death is necessary for God to give souls their proper punishment or reward and from young Productivists and others who feel that they are being kept down by their great-great-great-grandparents.

Few children are born these days, both because there is little need for new blood to replace the dead and because the Earth already houses over 11 billion people, which is actually significantly fewer than it used to. The terraforming of Mars might change the restrictive antinatalist policies, and all the major powers already use economic incentives, memetic campaigns and other methods to make people move to the existing Mars colonies. Eugenics used to be popular, but the question of whether the unfit should be allowed to reproduce or not was rendered sort of moot when human genetic engineering became available.

Religion is practically dead in large parts of the world, and in the AA and Europe it has largely been replaced by “recreational beliefs” - people simply pay professionals to use different methods of neural “programming” to give their customers fun, comforting beliefs. La Plata, Wabanaki and Iceland have already outlawed the practice, and a fierce debate about the topic is currently being held in the media and in TM forums. The “belief-abusers” (“flexibles” is their own term) are certain that they will win the debate.

The world gets the vast majority of its energy from fusion plants fueled by helium-3 from the Moon and, lately, from Saturn and Uranus (here known as Neptune, confusingly enough). The great powers have roughly equal slices of the helium-3-mining cake, although France claims a rather large part of the Moon as its own and Japan-Korea has pioneered mining in the atmosphere of Neptune. Mining in the Asteroid Belt gives humanity many other important resources, which are desperately needed since many of the Earth's own deposits of minerals and other natural resources were depleted in the 20th century.
 
Much of what you said is incorrect. That the Aztecs were teetering on the edge of collapse is not likely. They had many enemies, yes, but what empire didn't? The Aztecs enemies clustered around an outside-context threat that came out of nowhere and had luck and a few other key advantages on their side enabling them to topple the empire, but the enemies of the Mexica on their own were quite weak. Tlaxcala was actually on the verge of defeat, not the other way around. The Aztec Triple Alliance had them hemmed in on all sides and were draining them of manpower, why would you think they were winning? The Tlaxcalteca only sided with the Spanish because they were desperate, and even then not all of them agreed, some would've preferred to ally with the Mexica. It'd be like Genghis Khan invading Europe in 100 AD, around the height of the Roman Empire. Rome's enemies would've loved a chance to ally with these advanced and powerful foreigners, and the plagues brought by the Mongols (namely the Black Death) would've made it almost impossible for the Romans to put up a prolonged fight.

And the Zapotecs are still a poor choice even in the unlikely event of sudden Aztec collapse. The Zapotecs were far from the only major civilization besides the Nahua states. The Mixtecs held more power and influence than did the Zapotecs at this time. And if the Maya were still falling from glory as you said, the Zapotecs pretty much hit rock bottom already. They went from being the overlords of Oaxaca to playing second-fiddle to the Mixtec states in a relatively short time after the Classic Era whereas the Maya weren't paying tribute to foreigners in Tenochtitlan or Coixtlahuaca or wherever. The K'iche' in Guatemala were a more powerful state to be sure than the Zapotecs, and that's just one tribe. In comparison there were only even really two major sites controlled by the Zapotecs by this time, Zaachila and Mitla, and both were tiny compared to the cities in Central Mexico. So basically, a civilization of little power who had already been paying tribute to former vassals before the Aztecs came onto the scene are going to outdo the Mexica who had a much greater position and resources and take over stronger nations that haven't been destroyed yet?

For that matter, the Zapotecs were not particularly adverse to human sacrifice by Mesoamerican standards. They might not have been as big on it as the Mexica (though the Mexica were only able to sacrifice so many people because they were much more successful in warfare than everybody else at the time, their ideology wasn't alien to other Nahua), but they still practiced some rituals much more extreme than other peoples, particularly the Maya. And I never heard anything about the Nahua, even the Aztecs, destroying the agricultural systems in central Mexico. If anything they advanced them. They built huge farms right out onto the lakes.

That the Maya's method of writing was more complicated is a plus in their favor. Pictograms and ideographs simply aren't efficient for a spreading, organized writing system. Zapotec writing was crude in comparison to Mayan. The Maya used a logo-syllabic system much like the Chinese, which is self-evidently not too complicated that it can't spread or be used by many people at all. The Maya also had fewer symbols total than the Chinese, meaning less to memorize. That literacy rates were low isn't particularly astounding, in the rest of the world that had writing surprisingly few people could read still, even though by the 1500's they had printing presses in Europe and Asia.

And your assumptions on religion seem to be biased with a Eurocentric view. For starters Mesoamerican religion can't be exactly compared with European polytheism or monotheism, they had very different views on theology and cosmology from historical European peoples. If I had to compare them to other cultures you might be more familiar with, I'd say the concepts of divinity and the like in Mesoamerica more resembled that of India and Japan. In any case, there was no real trend to monotheism. There is a lot of pseudohistorical claims as well as debates over figures like "Ometeotl" but no real proof that there was a trend towards monotheism by any Mesoamerican peoples. Not even the forced conversion to Christianity during the conquest could stop the polytheistic tendencies of the natives from being expressed to this day, even if typically under the guise of saints.

Just about every single book I've read on the Aztecs, noted that they were heading towards collapse. Tlaxcala was not on the verge of defeat or about to be conquered; Aztec warfare was centered around capturing new sacrifices and resources, not new land.

Also, the comparison with Rome doesn't apply. Rome's enemies were vastly inferior technologically and in terms of organization. While some of the Aztec's enemies were this way as well, others were not. The Aztecs relied on fear and numbers, not always technological advantages, and eventually enough of their tributaries would've risen up.

As for the alphabet, I'm not saying that Zapotec writing of OTL would spread enough, but I'm assuming that under a Zapotec state, such writing would advance a change.

However, on your points regarding the Zapotecs as specific choices and religion, perhaps you are right. But, with religion in particular, analyziing how it would change is mostly speculation.
 
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