I dug up some notes I had lying around for a newer version of this map based on some comments I dug up on the Yahoo Group and elsewhere.
So, here are all the nations of the Emberverse as far as I know.
The Aleutians are still populated.
Hawaii, of course, is a Kingdom, but isn't really Hawaiian.
The Haida, as meatshield said, still exist.
Montival is the largest state in the Americas. Members are the PPA, Mackenzies, Bearkillers, Corvallis, Mount Angel, Kyklos, the Dunedain, the Yoruba, the Barony of the Mist Hills, the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, CORA, Pendleton, the United States of Boise, Free Cities of the Yakima, New Deseret, the Valley of the Sun (and their followers, the Shoshone, Arapahoe, and Ranchers of the Wind River Basin), the Morrowlanders, the Powder River Ranchers, the Sioux, and Nakamtu (Montana). The Front Range and the San Louis Valley in Colorado are theoretically part of Montival, but they're too far away to factor into anything major.
There have been some vague hints dropped about Topanga, in Southern California.
There are the three Dominions, Drumheller, Moose Jaw, and Minnedosa, from west to east.
The Great Plain States: Iowa, Nebraska, Fargo (eastern North Dakota & north Minnesota), Marshall (eastern South Dakota & south Minnestoa), Concordia (Kansas), the Red Hills Refuge (northern Oklahoma), Kirkville (north Missouri), Richland, Ellsworth, and the Ojibwa (all Wisconsin), and the Commonwealth of Duluth.
The Republica de Pecos and the Navajo are rather isolated.
Then there's Norrheim, Prince Edward Isle, and the Madawaska Republic. Greater Britain claims the east coast. Other than that the only population centers are the Appalachians, Bekwa, and Cajuns, and some Rovers.
In the Caribbean, you have the Cubans, Jamaicans, and Hispaniola. The Bahamas and Bermuda were resettled by Greater Britain. Some people survived in Belize, but they're not even regional players.
In South America Ecuador, Venezuela, and Southern Brazil have successor states. Chile has two. There are multiple states around the Rio de la Plata, and in Northern Brazil there's some freaky Yoruba/Catholic hybrid culture that is rather spread out. The Falklands are Greater Britain's.
Greater Britain has all of Europe west of Germany and north of Italy, as well as Morocco and Algeria. The Umbrian League has mainland Italy, and Sicily is independent and settling Tunisia. The Hellenic League has Greece, Anatolia, the Levant, and Egypt, and the Bedouin have Lybia, Mesopotamia, and Arabia (except for the part being resettled by Oman). The Kurds are spreading out from their homeland and diversifying. The Berbers are fighting with Greater Britain for North Africa.
The Balkans pulled through but the current political landscape is vague. Hungary and Bulgaria are big players, as are Ukraine and eastern Poland. Norrland has Scandinavia and Germany/Western Poland. There's a Romania and an independent Transylvania.
The Baltic Nations have successor states, but most of Western Russia is gone except for city-states like Astrakhan or Belograd or nomadic groups like the Cossacks, Kalmyks, and Tatars.
In Central Asia, you have Khazaks, Turks, nomadic descendants of Russians and Han Chinese, and Uyghurs. The Uyghurs and Chinese have split Xinjiang between them, but a bunch were forced out into Central Asia.
There are a bunch of Russian nations further north, stretching as far as the Amur.
The Bakhtiars, Baloch, and Pashtuns survived in Afghanistan and Iran, and are pushing into India, clashing with Punjabi people (including Sikhs) and the Indian State of Hinduraj. The Nepalese are moving out of the Himalayas into India too. The Andaman Islands are a pirate haven.
Ceylon either trade with Greater Britain or is ruled by it. The fact that it's referred to as Ceylon rather than Sri Lanka suggests the latter.
The Mongolians rule Mongolia and adjoining parts of Russia as well a Northern China. The Tibetans have Tibet back. The Chinese are fragmented but have Central China wrapped up.
Korea and Japan survived in some form, see meatshield's comments.
Burma is a prominent merchant state. New Singapore rules the Malay Peninsula. Mindanao is apparently ruled by groups under the influence of the Artists Formerly Known as the Ascended Masters. Borneo has two states, Kalimatan and Borneo. Indonesia has several: Sumatra, Surabaya, Timor, Ceram (or Seram), and Papua have been mentioned by name. Bali, notably, is settling the surrounding islands.
Capricornia, Cairns, and Townsville are all states, as are Tasmania and the South Island of New Zealand. The Eyre Peninsula is also survived. Arnheim Land is theoretically part of Carpricornia.
New Caledonia survived too.
Africa has the Emirate of Dakar, Ashanti, Cameroon, Cape Town, the Zulus, Zanzibar, and several states around Sudan.
This is, as far as I know, the most accurate and up-to-date list of nations. If you have any questions on borders, ect, I'll do my best to answer them.