The
history of South Africa in the 19th century was often one of conflict. The British crown assumed control of the former Dutch colony at the beginning of the century, much to the chagrin of the white Dutch settlers, often called
Trekboers. Attempts to bring in British settlers (in many ways to act as buffers between African tribes and Trekboer settlers) had decidedly mixed results. Trekboer attempts to move north and east beyond British control seemed to succeed for a brief span, but the British would subsequently reassert their control.
The greatest stress on South Africa was the ending of slavery throughout the British Empire in the 1830s. When British Southern America erupted in rebellion and civil war, the Trekboers took advantage to once again
move beyond nominal British control. However, the
Zulus also took advantage of British distraction in British Southern America (as well as the region around Sierra Leon) to initiate a war to drive the Trekboers out of what the Zulus considered their territory. A bloody war of strike and counterstrike developed through the rest of the late 1830s and into the 1840s. By the time the Southern Civil War subsided, the Zulus had gained the upper hand, driving Trekboers back into British South Africa.
And then the Zulu made the mistake of following into British South Africa....
While there were few white units that could be spared, the newly victorious Sable Legion could. Backed up by several regiments of Sepoys from India, the Sable Legion brought modern war to the Zulus, much to their regret. Only the superior numbers of the Zulu kept them from being destroyed entirely. While the Zulu in turn inflicted more casualties on the Sable Legion than any other force to date, it was not enough to save them from defeat.
The Trekboers (or Trekkers as the name was shortened to over time) would remain a small remnant in the greater British colony. While many of the Sable Legion and Sepoy troops returned to other parts of the empire, a few units remained to defend the British peace.