A fun albeit not entirely plausible map which I've been working on for a week or so.
Basically, the map presupposes what could have happened if
Ingvar the Far-Travelled was marginally more successful, managing to carve out a shortlived Norse kingdom on the Caspian shore of Medieval Persia.
Excerpt from page 35 of the Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of the Viking Age
Viking incursions into the Caspian Sea began when 500 Rus long-ships descended the Volga River in 913 AD. After plundering the unprepared coastal regions of Gilan and Mazandaran, the Rus expedition was set upon by Khazar war parties, which slaughtered the Vikings to a man. However, this did little to deter further incursions. Indeed, three decades later, another major raid was launched, which successfully captured the city of Barda’a in modern day Azerbaijan.
[1] Although Barda’a was soon abandoned and put to the torch, the city’s capture proved that the Caspian region was ripe for invasion. The flood-gates of conquest were finally thrown completely open when Sviatoslav the Brave, Grand Prince of Kiev, destroyed the Khazar state in 965. With the Volga Delta in friendly hands, the Rus slowly but steadily established a base of operations on the river’s southern estuary, centred on the newly founded city of Volgagard.
[2] Small-scale raids grew more frequent and larger in scope in the following decades, culminating with the famous expedition of Ingvar the Far-Travelled in 1036-1040.
The scion of a noble Swedish house related to the legendary King Olof Skötkonnung, Ingvar set out from the Lake Mälaren region with 200 ships and close to 20.000 men in early 1036. Although most historians argue that the original target of Ingvar’s expedition was the Caucasus, it is widely acknowledged that after a few years of raiding up and down the western banks of the Caspian, the riches and the chaotic state of affairs on the Iranian plateau finally convinced Ingvar to launch a concerted attempt at conquering the southern shores of the Caspian. Having secured the cities of Eriksvik (Derbent) and Bálvík (Baku), Ingvar made landfall close to Amol in 1040, which was quickly seized from its weak and inefficient Ziyarid governor and rebranded as Kjóllvík (ship’s bay). Politically speaking, the Viking Invasion occurred at an extremely fortuitous time. The dominant Ghaznavid dynasty had just suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of the invading Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Dandanaqan (near Merv), effectively shattering any chance of a coordinated Muslim counter-attack.
Allying with Zoroastrian remnants in the hills of Mazandaran and Tabarestan (evident in the Rus exonym for the region -
Bálland, meaning Land of Bonfires), Ingvar’s men made stunning territorial gains over the course of the next five years. Attempts were made at ironing out some kind of Rus-Persian polity aimed at the permanent establishment of Viking settlements in
Særkland (Land of the Saracens), but by then an indigenous reaction had already materialised. Tughril Beg, the leader of the Seljuks was adamantly opposed to the presence of a Christian principality within his claimed domains and soon turned the full might of the Turkoman military machine on the outnumbered Rus. Rebellions soon broke out, galvanised by the Seljuk offensive. It was in the course of fighting one of these insurrections that Ingvar fell in 1045 somewhere in Gilan. After his death, the Rus rallied around a captain named Baggi
[3], who withdrew to Kjollvík. However, five years later the last Viking stronghold in Iran fell to one of Tughril’s commanders, who killed or enslaved most of the defenders. As the Gripsholm Runestone in modern-day Sweden sadly laments: “…
They travelled valiantly far for gold, and in the east gave food to the eagle. They died in the south in Særkland.”
[4]
[1] In OTL, this raid was unsuccessful, partly thanks to the outbreak of dysentery amongst the Vikings.
[2] An ATL city.
[3] The name of an actual ship’s captain in Ingvar’s expedition, mentioned on runestone U778
[4] From the OTL runestone
Notes:
I had a lot of fun coming up with alternate Norse names for Iranian cities. The translations are very literal and absolutely not meant to be taken as an authoritative interpretation of what Ingvar's expedition might have named the following cities.
Bálvík - Baku (
Fire Bay, named after the Fire Temple of Baku)
Calþenbýr - Qazvin (
Caspian Town, named as the chief city close to the Caspian)
Eríksvík - Derbent (
Erik's Bay, named after St. Erik)
Gnæfagarðr - Rayy (
Tower City, anachronistically named after the funeral tower of Tughrul Bey)
Hreggbýr - Rasht (
Rain Town, named for the wet climate of the city)
Kjóllvík - Amol (
Ship's Bay, where Ingvar's fleet landed in ATL)
Magigarðr - Saveh (
Magi's City, in Iranian tradition the Three Magi set out from Saveh)
Myllaborg - Abhar (
Mill's Castle, named for the agricultural produce)
Saxþorp - Shahin (
Sword Settlement, named for the fine blades produced there OTL)
Smiðrborg - Sari (
Smith's Castle, named for the city's supposed connection to Kaveh the Blacksmith)
Veggrsalr - Gorgan (
Wall Place, named after the Walls of Gorgan)
Sources:
Map 1: Traced from "Die Länder von Islâm zur Zeit der Bujiden 945-1055" in Spruner, Karl & von Menke, Theodor:
Hand-Atlas für die Geschichte des Mittelalters und der neueren Zeit (Gotha, 1880) with cross-reference to "Map 14: 1040 to the end of the 11th century: The Seljuks and Qarakhanids" in Bregel, Yuri:
An Historical Atlas of Central Asia (Brill, 2005) as well as various maps on wikipedia.
Map 1.1: Generated in QGis by using data from
projectlinework (Moriarty Hand) and finished in Adobe Illustrator.
Map 1.2: Traced from a Swedish historical atlas whose name sadly escapes me. Runestone placements from Larsson, Mats G.:"Ingvarstågets arkeologiska bakgrund" (The archaeological background of the "Ingvar expedition") in
Forvännen: Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research (1983): 98-113